• 제목/요약/키워드: Hot Season

검색결과 237건 처리시간 0.021초

OPU 채란계절이 한우의 난자 품질 및 발달 능력에 미치는 영향 (Effect of Collection Seasons on the Oocyte Quality and Developmental Competence of Oocytes Derived from Korean Native Cows (Hanwoo) by Ovum Pick-Up)

  • 김성수;최병현;조현태;진종인;하아나;민찬식;조규완;공일근
    • 한국수정란이식학회지
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    • 제29권3호
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    • pp.265-271
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    • 2014
  • 본 연구에서 한우를 공란우로 사용하여 OPU 방법으로 가장 더운 계절의 hot season과 선선한 cool season의 두 계절의 차이에 따른 생성된 난포의 수, 난자 회수율, 난자 등급율, 수정율 및 배반포 발달 능력을 분석하여, 두 계절이 공란우의 번식 능력에 미치는 영향에 관하여 조사하였다. 1. 계절의 영향이 OPU 공란우의 난포 생성 수에 미치는 결과는 난포 생성 개수는 1154개($18.32{\pm}2.26$), 971개($15.41{\pm}3.34$)로 hot season 그룹이 유의적으로 높은 것을 알 수 있었다(p<0.05). 2. 계절에 따른 난자 수 및 난자 회수율은 hot season 그룹의 475개($7.54{\pm}3.14$), 41.16%로 cool season 그룹 448개($7.11{\pm}3.42$), 46.14%와 비교하여 유의적인 차이가 없었다(p<0.05). 3. OPU를 통하여 회수된 두 계절별 난자 등급은 Grade A는 Hot season 그룹 110개($1.75{\pm}1.86$), Cool season 그룹 63개($1.00{\pm}1.46$)로 hot season 그룹이 cool season 그룹과 비교하여 유의적으로 높았다(p<0.05). 하지만 다른 등급인 Grade B는 87개($1.38{\pm}1.60$) vs. 97개($1.54{\pm}1.39$), Grade C는 166개($2.63{\pm}2.43$) vs. 170개($2.70{\pm}2.04$), Grade D는 112개($1.78{\pm}2.65$) vs. 118개($1.87{\pm}1.86$)로 hot season과 cool season 간의 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다(p<0.05). 4. 계절에 따른 체외 수정 후의 수정률은 hot season과 cool season 각각 242(66.67%)와 209(63.3%), 배반포 발달율 214(58.95%) vs. 188(56.97%)로 수정률과 배반포 발달율은 유의적인 차이가 없었다(p<0.05). 본 연구의 결과로 계절에 따른 영향에 의해 공란우의 난포생성수와 A등급의 난자 출현율에서 유의적인 차이를 보였다. 하지만 나머지 등급의 난자 출현율, 수정률 및 배반포 발달율은 차이가 없는 것으로 보아, 계절의 차이로 인한 한우 공란우의 번식 능력에 미치는 영향은 미비하다고 판단된다.

EFFECT OF HOT SEASON ON LIVE SPERMATOZOA WITH INTACT ACROSOME IN HOLSTEIN BULLS

  • Terawaki, Y.;Fujita, H.;Fukui, Y.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제8권5호
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    • pp.415-418
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    • 1995
  • Semen characteristics were examined to find the deterioration of the percentage of live spermatozoa with intact acrosome during hot season using 5 Holstein bulls located in Shirnizu-cho Hokkaido Japan. Spermatozoal viability and acrosomal status were observed simultaneously with triple-stain technique for each spermatozoon. Spermatozoa were divided in four categories (live spermatozoa with intact acrosome, live spermatozoa without intact acrosome, dead spermatozoa with intact acrosome and dead spermatozoa without intact acrosome). Bull and collection month had significant effects on semen characteristics (p < 0.01). The percentage of live spermatozoa with intact acrosome and the percentage of live spermatozoa had the lowest least squares mean by collection month in August (72.7% and 76.7%). These two characteristics indicated the obvious deterioration during hot season. But the fluctuation of these two characteristics were not parallel and the differences between the two characteristics were largest during July to September. The present results indicate the necessity for the simultaneous determination of viability and acrosomal status of each Holstein bull's spermatozoa in order to keep fertility above an acceptable minimum level during hot season.

Seasonal Changes in Energy-related Blood Metabolites and Mineral Profiles of Nguni and Crossbred Cattle on Communal Rangelands in the Eastern Cape, South Africa

  • Mapiye, C.;Chimonyo, M.;Dzama, K.;Marufu, M.C.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제23권6호
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    • pp.708-718
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    • 2010
  • The objective of the current study was to determine seasonal changes in glucose, cholesterol, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), serum inorganic phosphorous (SIP), calcium, magnesium and iron concentrations in Nguni and crossbred cattle on the sweet and sour rangelands of the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. Body weights, body condition scores (BCS) and serum concentrations of energy-related metabolites and mineral profiles were determined in late cool-dry, hot-dry, hot-wet, post-rainy and early cool-dry seasons in 100 cattle raised on communal rangelands from August 2007 to May 2008. Nguni cattle had lower (p<0.05) and higher (p<0.05) serum concentrations of glucose in the hot-wet and post-rainy seasons, respectively, compared to crossbreds in the same seasons. Serum cholesterol and NEFA concentrations in Nguni were lower (p<0.05) than in the crossbreds. Nguni and crossbred cattle had higher (p<0.05) serum NEFA concentrations on the sweet rangeland during the late cool-dry season than on sour rangeland. Nguni cattle had higher (p<0.05) SIP concentration in the hot-wet season than the crossbreds. Generally, both breeds had lowest SIP concentration during the hot-wet season on the sour rangeland. The lowest magnesium and highest iron concentrations were observed in the hot-wet and post-rainy seasons, respectively, compared to other seasons. Cattle on the sour rangeland had lower (p<0.05) iron concentrations than those on the sweet rangeland. It was concluded that Nguni cattle had lower cholesterol and NEFA, and higher SIP concentrations in the hot-wet season than crossbreds and energy deficits mostly occurred during the late cool-dry season on the sweet rangeland.

Effect of Season, Parity and Lactation on Reproductive Performance of Sows in a Tropical Humid Climate

  • Gourdine, J.L.;Quesnel, H.;Bidanel, J.-P.;Renaudeau, D.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제19권8호
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    • pp.1111-1119
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    • 2006
  • The aim of this study was to analyze post-weaning reproductive performance of Large White sows in relation to season, parity and their lactation performance under tropical conditions in Guadeloupe (French West Indies, $16^{\circ}$ Lat. N, $61^{\circ}$ Long. W.). This work was based on data recorded in the experimental unit of INRA from January 1993 to December 2003. Two seasons were determined a posteriori from climatic parameters recorded continuously in a station close to the experimental unit. Mean ambient temperature was higher during the hot season than the warm season ($26^{\circ}C$ vs. $24^{\circ}C$) but relative humidity was comparable for both seasons (i.e. 87% on average). Season had a significant effect on all reproductive parameters analyzed. Primiparous sows weaned in the hot season had a higher probability of a prolonged weaning to estrus interval, WEI (odds ratio was 4.1; p<0.01) but multiparous sows were not affected. A higher probability of a prolonged weaning to conception interval, WCI (odds ratio >2.5, p<0.01) and a lower subsequent farrowing rate (-10%, p<0.01) were found for sows weaned in the hot season. A higher daily feed intake during lactation reduced the probability of a prolonged WEI (p<0.05). Body weight and average back-fat thickness at farrowing affected WEI and WCI (p<0.05), whereas body weight and average backfat thickness change in lactation did not. This study confirms the negative effects of the hot season on primiparous reproductive performance. It also indicates that lactation performance influences sow non-productive period.

Rectal Temperature of Lactating Sows in a Tropical Humid Climate according to Breed, Parity and Season

  • Gourdine, J.L.;Bidanel, J.P.;Noblet, J.;Renaudeau, D.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제20권6호
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    • pp.832-841
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    • 2007
  • Rectal Temperature;Thermoregulation;Sows;Breed;The effects of season (hot vs. warm) in a tropical humid climate, parity (primiparous vs. multiparous) and breed (Creole: CR, Large White: LW) on rectal temperature (RT) were studied for a total of 222 lactations obtained in 85 sows (43 CR and 42 LW; 56 primiparous and 166 multiparous) over a 28-d lactation, between June 2002 and April 2005. Mean daily ambient temperature was higher during the hot season than during the warm season (26.0 vs. $24.1^{\circ}C$) and relative humidity was high and similar in both seasons (89% on average). At farrowing, BW was lower (172 vs. 233 kg) and backfat thickness was higher (37 vs. 21 mm) in CR than in LW sows (p<0.01). During the hot season, the reduction of average daily feed intake (ADFI) was more pronounced in LW than in CR sows (-920 vs. -480 g/d, p<0.05). Rectal temperature was higher at 1200 than at 0700hr, which coincides with the maximum and the minimum values of daily ambient temperature. The daily RT increased ($+0.9^{\circ}C$; p<0.01) between d -3 and d 7 (d 0: farrowing day), remained constant between d 7 and d 25 and decreased (p<0.01) thereafter (i.e. $-0.6^{\circ}C$ between d 25 and d 32). The average daily RT was significantly higher during the hot than during the warm season (38.9 vs. $38.6^{\circ}C$; p<0.01). It was not affected by breed, but the difference in RT between the hot and warm seasons was more pronounced in LW than in CR sows (+0.4 vs. $+0.2^{\circ}C$; p<0.05). Parity influenced the RT response; it was greater in primiparous than in multiparous sows (38.9 vs. $38.7^{\circ}C$; p<0.01). This study suggests that thermoregulatory responses to heat stress can differ between breeds and between parities.

기미론에 대한 문헌적 연구 (A study on the literal research kimi - theory)

  • 김인락
    • 한국한의학연구원논문집
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    • 제3권1호
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    • pp.169-181
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    • 1997
  • Kimi(氣味) means five tastes(五味), sour, bitterness, sweetness, hot taste and astringency, and four conditions(四氣), cold, hot, warm and cool, in the oriental medicine. This is defined based on yn-yang 5 evolutive phasis(陰陽五行), and 5 evolutive phasis on the change of season. Four seasons, spring, summer, autumm, winter are clearly different but, the rainy season(長夏) is not. In the thee of Ki (氣), not worm not hot(平) is included in addition to the four conditions that is because the rainy season is not differentiated clearly. KImi have realations to the four seasons, that is, warm and hot taste is considered as spring, hot and astringency as summer, not worm not hot and sweetness as rainy season, cool and sour as autumm, and cold and bitterness as winter. 4 conditions can be classified more detail, because the changes of the seasons are continuous. In the action mechanisms, Gardeniae Fructus reduces Heat of Insufficency Type(虛熱) of the upper class of medicinal herbs(上焦), and Rhel Rhizoma reduces Exessive Heat(實熱) of the under class of them(下焦). The assay methods for four groups medicines can be developed in three ways according to the indicators as follows. First, by the indicator which defines cold-acting medicine(寒性藥) such as Rhei Rhizoma, Coptidis Rhizoma, Scutellariae Radix, Gardeniae Fructus and is differentiated clearly from Hot-acting medicine(熱性藥) at the same time. Second, when the medicines are classified into another four groups as Drugs for Dispelling Internal Cold(溫裏藥), Drugs for Relieving Exterior Syndrome(解表藥), Drugs for Dispelling Phlegm(祛痰藥), Drugs for Regulatings Ki Flow(理氣藥), by the indicator which satisfies each group and is differentiated from other groups, at the same time. Third, by the indicator which has to be defined for each medicinal herb for four classification, individually.

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봄철 태양열 하이브리드 시스템의 부하조건 변화에 따른 운전특성 연구 (Study on the Operating Characteristics with Load Condition in Hybrid Solar Heating System during Spring Season)

  • 표종현;김원석;조홍현;류남진
    • 대한설비공학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 대한설비공학회 2009년도 하계학술발표대회 논문집
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    • pp.1418-1423
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    • 2009
  • This study describes experimental study on the performance characteristics with load condition in hybrid solar heating system during spring season. The room temperatures, the hot water conditions and the lower part temperatures of heat storage tank were changed to analyze the system performances. As a results, the hot water was significantly affected by the ambient temperature. The indoor setting temperature affected the solar fraction. When the low part temperature of the storage tank increased, the temperature of the hot water rose and the temperature of the hot water in morning was affected by the ambient temperature.

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EFFECT OF SEASON ON SEMINAL CHARACTERISTICS OF HOLSTEIN BULL UNDER SEMI-ARID ENVIRONMENT I. BIOPHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS

  • Salah, M.S.;El-Nouty, F.D.;Al-Hajri, M.R.;Mogawer, H.H.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제5권3호
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    • pp.439-447
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    • 1992
  • Eight healthy Holstein bulls, 4-6 years old were used to study the effect of season of the year on the biophysical characteristics of semen. Semen was collected twice a week by AV (artificial vagina) over one-year period. The analyses revealed that all the basic seminal traits studied were differed significantly due to season, except the ejaculate volume and consistency and the percentage of swollen spermatozoa in a hypo-osmotic fructose-citrate solution. Ejaculates collected during hot summer season had significantly lower sperm motility, concentration and total counts, and higher percentage of dead spermatozoa than those collected during winter time. Warm spring had moderate semen quality. The temperature-humidity index was calculated and it was associated (p < 0.01) negatively with the ejaculate pH, sperm concentration and total counts, and positively with the % of dead sperms. Ejaculate volume, percentage of swollen spermatozoa, individual motilities did not correlate significantly with the change in temperature-humidity index values. The total live, motile spermatozoa per ejaculate during both the winter and spring seasons showed significant increase of about 37% and 32% respectively over the summer season. Also, rectal temperatures of the bulls were elevated during the hot summer season, while the values of blood hemoglobin and packed-cell volume were decreased.

시뮬레이션을 이용한 사무소건물 적용 태양열 급탕시스템의 에너지성능 분석 (Energy Performance Analysis of Solar Hot Water Heating System used in an Office Building Using the Dynamic Simulation)

  • 고명진;최두성;김용식
    • 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국태양에너지학회 2009년도 춘계학술발표대회 논문집
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    • pp.281-285
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    • 2009
  • This paper is to simulate a solar hot water heating system used in a medium-scale office building using the dynamic simulation. This study is focused chiefly on the annual variation of energy performance, the solar fraction with respect to the difference of hot water load temperature. For this purpose the simple model of a solar hot water heating system has been considered with TRNSYS program and the simulations were performed with the weather data in Seoul, Korea. The share ratio of solar hot water system of the summer season appeared higher than the winter season because that the decrease of the domestic hot water load was far despite the relative decrease of the solar radiation. As the temperature was lower from $60^{\circ}C$ to $50^{\circ}C$, the solar fraction increases 8.1 percent due to 20-percent decrease of annual hot water load.

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Influence of Stages of Lactation, Parity and Season on Somatic Cell Counts in Cows

  • Singh, Mahendra;Ludri, R.S.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제14권12호
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    • pp.1775-1780
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    • 2001
  • The study was undertaken to find out the normal mean and variations in somatic cell count (SCC) of milk in crossbred and indigenous cows as influenced by stage of lactation, parity and season. On day of milk sampling the udders were tested for mastitis by California Mastitis Test (CMT). Only those cows, which were found negative in the CMT, were taken in the study. Paritywise differences in SCC were not significant between the 1st to 6th lactation and above. Similarly, stage of lactation effect, when tested at 30 day intervals, did not differ significantly. However, the seasons significantly (p<0.05) affected SCC count of milk. The SCC was lower during cold ($1.10{\times}10^5cells/ml$) and hot-dry ($1.11{\times}10^5cells/ml$) season then during hot-humid season ($2.14{\times}10^5cells/ml$). On an average SCC recorded were 1.26, 1.31, 1.54 and $1.61{\times}10^5$ cells per ml respectively in Tharparkar, Sahiwal, Karan Swiss and Karan Fries cows irrespective of stage of lactation, parity and season. Further, crossbred Karan Swiss and Karan Fries cows behave similar to the indigenous Tharparkar and Sahiwal cows but are more vulnerable to hot-humid climate then indigenous ones. Significant correlation between the SCC and milk yield during different stages of lactation (1.38 to $1.74{\times}10^5cells/ml$) and parity (1.47 to $1.63{\times}10^5cells/ml$) suggested that the SCC/ml of milk was higher during the later stages of lactation.