• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2005.07c
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• pp.2010-2012
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• 2005

Activated carbon was activated with chemical treatment to attain high surface area with porous structure. We have been considered activated carbon is the ideal material for high voltage electric double layer capacitor due to their high specific surface area, good conductivity and chemical stability. In this study we found that increase in electrochemical capacitance due to activated carbon. Also chemically activated carbon and water treatment have resulted larger capacitance and also exhibits better electrochemical behavior, and is about 15% more than in untreated state. The structural change in activated carbon through chemical treatment activation was investigated by using SEM and XRD. In this study, the dependence of the activation behavior with KOH in the micro structure of host materials will be discussed. Furthermore, the relation to the electric double layer capacitance, especially the specific capacitance per unit area, is also discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.143-147
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• 2010

We have fabricated simple triple-layer blue-emitting phosphorescent organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) using different thicknesses of N,N'-dicarbazolyl-3,5-benzene (mCP) host layers doped with bis[(4,6-di-fluorophenyl)-pyridinate-N,$C^{2'}$]picolmate (FIrpic) guest materials. The thicknesses of mCP:FIrpic layers were 5, 10, and 30 nm. Driving voltage, current and power efficiencies were investigated. The current efficiency was higher in the 10 nm thick mCP:FIrpic device, resulting from the better electron-hole balance. The device with 10 nm mCP:FIrpic layer exhibited the maximum current efficiency of 22.5 cd/A and power efficiency of 7.4 lm/W at a luminance of 1000 cd/$m^2$.

• Proceedings of the KACD Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.621-621
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• 2003

I. Objectives In order to examine the immunoresponse of host cells to Enterococcus faecalis, this in vitro study monitored the production of Interleukin-2(IL-2), Interleukin-4(IL-4) and Transforming growth $factor-{\beta}1(TGF-{\beta}1)$ in human lymphocytes. II. Materials and methods Enterococcus faecalis(ATCC29212) strains were used in this study. Strains were grown in 1-liter cultures in 85% N2-10% H2-5% $CO_2$chamber for 3 days at $37^{\circ}C$. The medium used was 3.7% brain heart infusion broth. Bacterial cells harvested from 1-liter cultures were washed, suspended in 20ml of phosphate-buffered saline(PBS). Suspensions of bacterial cells were disrupted by sonication on ice for 5 min. Protein concentration was determined by the Bicinchoninic acid(BCA) protein assay.(omitted)

• Proceedings of the KACD Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.553-553
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• 2003

I. Objectives Endodontic disease is caused primarily by bacteria that interact with periradicular host from the root canal system. Chlorhexidine gluconate is known to effective to eliminate Enterococcus faecalis which resists to other intracanal medicaments. The aim of this in vitro study was to develop a slowly releasing root canal disinfectant using using chlorhexidine gluconate and chitoic acid. II. Materials and Methods Three different group were prepared with different drug release mechanism. In group A, paper points as used core material were loaded with 20% chlorhexidine gluconate.(omitted)

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.22 no.9
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• pp.1005-1008
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• 2001

The lanthanide complexes have been anticipated to exhibit high efficiency along with a narrow emission spectrum. Photoluminescence for the lanthanide complex is characterized by a high efficiency since both singlet and triplet excitons are involve d in the luminescence process. However, the maximum external electroluminescence quantum efficiencies have exhibited values around 1% due to triplet-triplet annihilation at high current. Here, we proposed a new energy transfer mechanism to overcome triplet-triplet annihilation by the Eu complex doped into phosphorescent materials with triplet levels that were higher than singlet levels of the Eu complex. In order to show the feasibility of the proposed energy transfer mechanism and to obtain the optimal ligands and host material, we have calculated the effect depending on ligands as a factor that controls emission intensity in lanthanide complexes. The calculation shows that triplet state as well as singlet state of anion ligand affects on absorption efficiency indirectly.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.201-210
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• 2019

The oncolytic viruses selectively infect and destroy cancer cells, not harming normal cells. The cancer cell materials released by oncolysis, like tumor antigens, stimulate host antitumor immune responses, which is a long-lasting antitumor immunity removing cancer cells in remote parts of the body by a systemic response. Oncolytic viruses armed with transgenes such as cytokines or other immune stimulating factors enhance the immune responses. The first oncolytic virus approved by US-FDA is $Imlygic^{(R)}$ targeting for melanoma. The oncolytic virus is considered as a revolutionary immunotherapy for tumors together with immune checkpoint inhibitors. A variety of oncolytic viruses are under research in the treatment of kidney cancer, liver cancer, breast cancer, and many others solid tumors. Clinical trials have shown promising results in different types of cancers. Here, we present a brief introduction of various aspects of oncolytic virus, and a review of the current status of oncolytic virus therapy development.

• Mycobiology
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.95-104
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• 2021

Species of the genus Aspergillus have a variety of effects on humans and have been considered industrial cell factories due to their prominent ability for manufacturing several products such as heterologous proteins, secondary metabolites, and organic acids. Scientists are trying to improve fungal strains and re-design metabolic processes through advanced genetic manipulation techniques and gene delivery systems to enhance their industrial efficiency and utility. In this review, we describe the current status of the genetic manipulation techniques and transformation methods for species of the genus Aspergillus. The host strains, selective markers, and experimental materials required for the genetic manipulation and fungal transformation are described in detail. Furthermore, the advantages and disadvantages of these techniques are described.

• Proceedings of the Korea Association of Crystal Growth Conference
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• 1998.06a
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• pp.19-22
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• 1998

In this work, nonlinear crystals are investigated as investigated ad future diode pumped host laser materials in the green. Optical properties( absorption, emission, secind harmonic generation, and continuous wave lader oscillation in the green) of the most relevant neodymium activeated oxide lader crystals{{{{ ({LiNbO }_{ 3}:MgO, YAI({BO }_{3})_{4} and {LaBGeO }_{ 5})}}}} are investigated and compared under similar experimental conditions

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.117-129
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• 1989

The commercial availability of processed heterogenous bone has provided the surgeons with almost unlimited supply, avoidance of additional operation and prevention of the postoperative complications. In addition to these merits, unnecessary bone bank, easy availibility and storage have been achieved. The purpose of this study was to compare and examine the healing capacity of Kiel bone, Pyrost and Osteovit which used as the processed heterografts for the reconstruction of bony defect. Twenty rabbits weighing about 1.7-2.0 Kg were selected and divided into two groups. In experimental group A, the left mandibular defect was allowed to fill with blood, and the right defect was filled with Kiel bone. In experimental group B, the left defect was grafted with Pyrost, and the right with Osteovit. The experimental animals were sacrified after 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks and the grafted site was studied histologically. To evaluate the strength of healed bone, 2 rabbits from each experimental group and a nonoperated control were sacrified at the 6th week after implantation and used for biometric testing on universal testing machine. The results obtained were as follows : 1. It was considered that these heterogenous bone grafts has feeble or absent immunogenicity since all of them appeared to evoke little inflammatory or forign body reaction. 2. In all experimental groups, new bone formation began from the adjacent region of host bone and extended progressively into the defect sites. New bone was partly formed within the intertrabecular space of the implant and gradually united with the bone that formed at the margin of the host bone. 3. With Pyrost bone formation was rapid and prominent comparing with other graft materials. 4. Osteovit was begun to be absorbed from 2 weeks, and Kiel bone from 4 weeks, however Pyrost was remained to be intact until the end of 8 weeks. 5. As the results of tensile test, the mean values of maximum tensile stress were 1.11${\uparrow}$ $Kgf/mm^{2}$ in Pyrost implanted specimens, 0.85 $Kgf/mm^{2}$ in Osteovit, 0.42 $Kgf/mm^{2}$ in Kiel bone, 0.66 $Kgf/mm^{2}$ in blood filled specimens and 1..13 $Kgf/mm^{2}$ in control. These results indicate that heterogenous bones grafted have little antigenicity to the host tissue, and that they mediate effectively osteoconduction by providing the scaffold for the bone formation. Pyrost and Osteovit appeared to be suitable for the clinical use.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.221-226
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• 1998

Ternary heavy metal oxide glasses in the $PbO-Bi_2O_3-Ga_2O_3$ system doped with $Er_2O_3$ were prepared and their spectroscopic properties, such as radiative transition probability, calculated and measured radiative lifetimes and cross-sections of 1.5 $\mu\textrm{m}$ and 2.7 $\mu\textrm{m}$ emissions were analyzed. Enhanced quantum efficiencies of some electronic transitions were evident mainly because of the low vibrational phonon energy ($~500cm^{-1}$) inherent in the host glasses. This seems to be the main reason for obtaining the 2.7 $\mu\textrm{m}$ luminescence which is normally quenched in the conventional oxide glasses. In addition, green and red fluorescence emissions were observed through the frequency upconversion processes of the 798 nm excitation. Non-radiative transition due to the multiphonon relaxation is a dominant lifetime-shortening mechanism in the 4f-4f transitions in $Er^{3+}$ ion except for the $^4S_{3/2}{\rightarrow}^4I_{15/2}$ transition where a non-radiative transfer to band-gap excitation of the host glasses is dominant. Melting of glasses under an inert gas atmosphere and (or) addition of the typical glass-network former into glasses is necessary in order to enhance the quantum efficiency of the transition.