• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제5권6호
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• pp.357-361
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 II-IV 족 화합물 반도체인 CdS를 이용한 액정광변조 방식의 X-ray 검출 시스템을 제안하였다. 제안된 시스템은 검출부, 신호처리부, 액정 구동 및 투과량 측정부, 마이크로컨트롤러부, 입출력부로 구성되었으며, 소형화 및 휴대형에 적합하게 제작되었다. 또한, 검출 범위 선택을 통하여 광범위한 조건에서 측정이 가능하도록 구성하였다. 제안된 시스템의 성능을 평가하기 위하여 조사선량 변화에 따른 CdS 센서의 출력 특성을 확인하였으며, 우수한 상관관계를 확인할 수 있었다. 또한, 인가전압에 따른 액정의 변화를 관찰하여 인가 전압에 따른 광투과율을 측정하였으며, 높은 상관관계와 우수한 재현성을 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 결과를 통하여 본 연구에서 제안된 액정 광변조 방식의 특징인 우수한 재현성과 노이즈 내성 특성을 확인할 수 있었으며, 본 연구를 통하여 제안된 CdS 셀 기반 광변조 방식의 휴대형 X선 검출 시스템이 소형, 저가형, 휴대형 시스템으로 적용이 가능할 것으로 판단되었다.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.47-53
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• 2006

Purpose: Recently, the American Heart Association recommended that routine cervical spine protection in submerged patients was not necessary, except in high-energy injury situations. However, until now, this recommendation has few supportive studies and literatures. This retrospective study was performed to demonstrate the risk of cervical spine injury in patients who had been submerged in a river. Methods: Seventy-nine submerged patients who visited St. Mary's Hospital between January 2000 and December 2005 were included in this retrospective study. We investigated and analyzed the victim's age, sex, activity on submersion, mental status and level of severity at admission, prognosis at discharge, associated injuries, and risk group by using the medical records and cervical spine lateral images. According to the activity on submersion, victims were classified into three groups: high risk, low risk, and unknown risk. The reports of radiologic studies were classified into unstable fracture, stable fracture, sprain, degenerative change, and normal. Results: The patients' mean age was 36.8 yrs, and 54% were males. Of the 79 patients, adult and adolescent populations (80%) were dominant. Jumping from a high bridge (48%) was the most common activity on submersion and accounted for 52% of the high-risk group. The Glasgow coma scale at admission and the cerebral performance scale at discharge showed bimodal patterns. The results of the radiologic studies showed one stable fracture, one suspicious stable fracture, and 18 sprains. The incidence of cervical spine fracture in submerged patients was 2.5% in our study. The incidence of cervical spine injury was higher in the high-risk group than it was in the low-risk group, especially in the jumping-from-high-bridge subgroup; however this observation was not statistically significant. No other factors had any significant effect on the incidence of cervical spine injury. Conclusion: Our study showed that even submerged patients in the high risk group had a low incidence of cervical spine fracture and that the prognosis of a patient did not seem to be influenced by the cervical spine fracture itself.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제34권9호
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• pp.686-691
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• 2001

배경: Duromedics 판막은 1982년부터 사용되어 왔으나 국내에서는 장기 임상 성적에 대한 보고가 없는 실정이다. 이에 본원에서 시행된 Duromedics 판막의 장기 임상 성적을 보고하는 바이다. 대상 및 방법: 1987년부터 1988년 사이에 23명의 성인 환자에게 Duromedics 기계판막을 이용하여 판막치환술을 시행하였다. 승모판막 치환이 8예, 대동맥판 치환이 5예, 삼첨판막 치환이 1예, 대동맥판막과 승모판막을 동시에 치환한 경우가 6예, 승모판막과 삼첨판막을 동시에 치환한 경우가 1예였다. 남자 환자가 12명, 여자 환자가 11명이었고 환자들의 평균 연령은 35$\pm$10(15~52) 세였다. 저자들은 이 환자들에게 치환된 Duromedics 기계 판막의 임상적인 결과를 추적 조사하였다. 결과: 조기 사망은 1예로서 4.3%(1/23)의 조기 사망률을 보였고 만기 사망도 1예로서 4.3%(1/23)의 만기 사망률을 보였다. 사망 원인은 저심박출 증후군과 구조적 판막실패였다. 평균 추적기간은 133$\pm$43개월(8~157)이었다. 재수술을 시행한 경우는 모두 3예가 있었는데 판막혈전증이 1예, 구조적 판막이상이 1예, 비구조적 판막 이상이 1예였다. 10년 생존율(actuarial survival rate)은 90.9%이었다. 결론: 비록 임상 연구를 하기에 충분한 환자 수는 아니었지만, Duromedics 판막의 장기 임상 성적은 다른 판막에 비해 우수하거나 비슷하였으며, 구조적 결함도 발견되지 않았다. 하지만 향후 좀더 연구가 이루어져야 할 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.353-357
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• 1999

배경: 건삭보존 승모판 치환술이 승모판막질환에 있어서 좌심실 기능의 보존 및 술후 합병증을 줄일 수 있다고 알려져 있다. 대상 및 방법: 1995년 1월부터 1996년 7월까지 전북대학교 병원 흉부외과학 교실에서 승모판 치환술시 건삭을 절제한 20예(기존치환군)와 건삭을 보존한 10예(보존치환군)의 술후 단기성적을 비교하였다. 결과: 술 전 두 그룹간의 성별, 나이, NYHA 기능적 분류, 심흉비 및 심전도 소견, 심초음파 소견 및 관류량, 대동맥 차단시간등의 차이는 없었다. 술 전 심흉비에 대한 술 후 1개월 심흉비 비교에 있어서 두 그룹 모두 통계적으로 유의한 감소를 보였으나 두 그룹 사이의 통계적 차이는 없었다. 술 전 심흉비에 대한 술 후 3개월 심흉비 감소는 두 그룹 모두 통계적인 의미는 없었다. 술 전 심전도 소견상 대부분 심방세동이 동반되고 있었으며 심방세동이 술 후에 동성 리듬으로 변화된 경우가 기존치환군에서 2예 있었다. 심초음파에 의한 좌심실의 기능 비교에 있어서 보존치환군은 술전에비해 구혈분획(Ejection Fraction) 및, 단축분획률(Fractional Shortening)의 감소가 심하지 않았으나(p =0.47, p= 0.12), 기존치환군에서는 구혈분획 및, 단축분획률의 감소가 통계적으로 유의한 감소를 보였으며(p=0.03, p=0.04), 두 그룹간에 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다(p=0.03, p=0.02). 또한 보존치환군에 비해 기존치환군에서 월등히 높은 합병증 발생률을 보였다. 결론: 승모판막 질환에 있어서 건삭 보존 승모판막 치환술이 기존 승모판 치환술에 비해 수술 후 좌심실 기능을 보존하는데 효과가 있으며, 낮은 합병증 발생률을 보였다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제33권7호
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• pp.552-559
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• 2000

배경; Carbomedics 기계판막은 보편적으로 많이 이용되는 기계판막의 일종이며 국립의료원에서는 1988년부터 이것을 사용하여 왔다. 저자들은 1994년에 중단기 성적을 흉부외과 학회지에 보고한바 있으며 이번에 10년 임상성적을 보고하고자 한다. 대상 및 방법 ; 1988년 8월부터 1998년 12월 RK지 Crbomedics 판막을 이용하여 판막치환술을 받은 235명의 연속적인 환자를 대상으로 하였으며 승모판막 치환 143예, 승모판막 및 대동맥판막치환 59예, 대동맥 판막치환 33예이었다. 평균 연령은 40세 이었으며 남녀의 성비는 85;150으로 여성환자가 원등하게 많았다. 임상추적 종료시점은 1999년 6월로 정했으며 추적율은 9704% 이었다. 전체 추적 기간은 1209.2환자-년이었고 평균 5.7년이었다. 결과; 조기 사망류은 8.9%, 만기 사망률은 4.7%로 전체사망율은 13.1%(31명/235명)이었다. 10년 생존율은 95.2$\pm$1.6%이었다. (승모판막치환; 94.9$\pm$2.1%, 승모판막 및 대동맥판막치환; 95.0$\pm$3.7%, 대동맥판막치환; 96.2$\pm$3.8%). 판막관련 합병증 중 혈전전색증, 판막혈전폐쇄증, 항응고제 관련 출혈, 판막주위 누출, 심내막염등의 linearized incidencesns 각각 환자-년당 0.59%, 0.5%, 0.25%, 0.17%, 0.17%였으며 혈전전색증이 없을 확률은 96.2$\pm$1.5%, 판막폐쇄증이 없을 확률은 96.7$\pm$1.4%, 항응고제관련 출혈이 없을 확률은 98.7$\pm$1.0%이었고 전체 판막관련 합병증이 없을 확률은 88.9$\pm$2.5%이었다. 결론; 장기 추적검사에서 Carbomedics 판막은 판막과 관련된 합병증 및 사망률이 낮았다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권12호
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• pp.5075-5079
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• 2015

Background: Adverse effects of treatment prolongation beyond 8 weeks with radiotherapy for cervical cancer have been established. Clinical data also show that cisplatin increases the biologically effective dose of radiotherapy. However, there are no data on the effect of overall treatment time in patients with locally advanced cervical cancer treated with concomitant chemo-radiotherapy (CCRT) in an Indian population. The present study concerned the feasibility of concurrent chemotherapy and interspacing brachytherapy during the course of external radiotherapy to reduce the overall treatment time and compare the normal tissue toxicity and loco-regional control with a conventional schedule. Materials and Methods: Between January 2009 and March 2012 fifty patients registered in the Gynaecologic Oncology Clinic of Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital with locally advanced cervical cancer (FIGO stage IIB-IIIB) were enrolled. The patients were randomly allocated to treatment arms based on a computer generated random number. Arm I (n=25) treatment consisted of irradiation of the whole pelvis to a dose of 50 Gy in 27 fractions, and weekly cisplatin $40mg/m^2$. High dose rate intra-cavitary brachytherapy (HDR-ICBT) was performed after one week of completion of external beam radiotherapy (EBRT). The prescribed dose for each session was 7Gy to point A for three insertions at one week intervals. Arm II (n=25) treatment consisted of irradiation of the whole pelvis to a dose of 50 Gy in 27 fractions. Mention HDR-ICBT ICRT was performed after 40Gy and 7Gy was delivered to point A for three insertions (days 23, 30, 37) at one week intervals. Cisplatin $20mg/m^2/day$ was administered from D1-5 and D24-28. Overall treatment time was taken from first day of EBRT to last day of HDR brachytherapy. The overall loco-regional response rate (ORR) was determined at 3 and 6 months. Results: A total of 46 patients completed the planned treatment. The overall treatment times in arm I and arm II were $65{\pm}12$ and $48{\pm}4$ days, respectively (p=0.001). At three and six months of follow-up the ORR for arm I was 96% while that for arm II was 88%. No statistically significant difference was apparent between the two arms. The overall rate of grade ${\geq}3$ toxicity was numerically higher in arm I (n=7) than in arm II (n=4) though statistical significance was not reached. None of the predefined prognostic factors like age, performance status, baseline haemoglobin level, tumour size, lymph node involvement, stage or histopathological subtype showed any impact on outcome. Conclusions: In the setting of concurrent chemoradiotherapy a shorter treatment schedule of 48 days may be feasible by interspacing brachytherapy during external irradiation. The response rates and toxicities were comparable.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권15호
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• pp.6449-6453
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• 2014

Background: Prior studies showed a relationship between serum albumin and the albumin to globulin ratio with different types of cancer. We aimed to evaluate the predictive value of the albumin-globulin ratio (AGR) for survival of patients with lung adenocarcinoma. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included 240 lung adenocarcinoma patients. Biochemical parameters before chemotherapy were collected and survival status was obtained from the hospital registry. The AGR was calculated using the equation AGR=albumin/(total protein-albumin) and ranked from lowest to highest, the total number of patients being divided into three equal tertiles according to the AGR values. Furthermore, AGR was divided into two groups (low and high tertiles) for ROC curve analysis. Cox model analysis was used to evaluate the prognostic value of AGR and AGR tertiles. Results: The mean survival time for each tertile was: for the $1^{st}$ 9.8 months (95%CI:7.765-11.848), $2^{nd}$ 15.4 months (95%CI:12.685-18.186), and $3^{rd}$ 19.9 months (95%CI:16.495-23.455) (p<0.001). Kaplan-Meier curves showed significantly higher survival rates with the third and high tertiles of AGR in comparison with the first and low tertiles, respectively. At multivariate analysis low levels of albumin and AGR, low tertile of AGR and high performance status remained an independent predictors of mortality. Conclusions: Low AGR was a significant predictor of long-term mortality in patients with lung adenocarcinoma. Serum albumin measurement and calculation of AGR are easily accessible and cheap to use for predicting mortality in patients with lung adenocarcinoma.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.201-206
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• 2006

본 연구에서는 방사선치료 시뮬레이터 장치에서 조사되는 X-선 빔의 강도로부터 관전압 측정과 관전압의 파형을 관찰 할 수 있는 비접속형 관전압계를 제작하였고, 그 성능을 분석하여 임상에 사용 가능성을 검토하였다. 관전압계의 검출부는 X-선 조사면(field)의 Y축 방향으로 ${\pm}1.4cm$ 지점에 두 개의 광다이오드를 배치하고 그 위에 두께가 다른 알루미늄여과체를 각각 놓아 구성하였다. 설정 피크 관전압에 대한 여과체의 두께 비에 비례하는 상대적인 출력 실효 전압비($r_{eff}$)를 측정하고, NERO 6000M 기준 관전압계로 설정 피크 관전압에 대한 실효 피크 관전압($kV_{p,eff}$)을 측정하여 자연 대수치를 구하였다. 관전압계의 교정을 위해 상대적인 출력 실효 전압 비($r_{eff}$)와 실효 피크 관전압 대수치($InkV_{p,eff}$)를 선형 회귀 분석하였다. 얻어진 선형 상관계수(r)는 0.996 이었다. 따라서 제작된 비접속형 관전압계는 충분한 정확도를 가지고 있어 임상에서의 사용이 가능하다고 생각된다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.1255-1258
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• 2015

Background: Locally advanced head and neck cancer is generally incurable and has a short survival rate. This study aimed to evaluate symptom relief, disease response, and acute toxicity after palliative hypo-fractionated radiotherapy and long-term survival in affected patients. Materials and Methods: Between January 2011 to December 2011, 80 patients who were histopathologically diagnosed as having stage III or stage IV head and neck squamous cell carcinoma based on Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status 1-3, were offered palliative radiotherapy (20 Gy/5Fr/5 Days). Later these patients were evaluated on 30th day after completion of treatment for disease response based on World Health Organisation (WHO) criteria and palliation of symptoms using symptomatic response grading and acute toxicities by the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG). Many patients were given post radiation therapy (RT) palliative chemotherapy for appropriate palliative care and a few patients were selected for further curative RT. The overall survival was also evaluated among this group of patients with last follow up date of 1st May, 2014. Results: The most common presenting complaint was pain followed by dysphagia. Most patients (60-70%) had appreciable relief in their presenting symptoms. A good response was observed in the majority following palliative RT; a few patients had progressive disease and some had stable and regressed disease. None of the patients experienced radiation toxicity that required hospital admission. Almost all showed grade one and two acute skin and mucosal toxicity one month after completion of treatment. The mean survival days for patients given only hypofractionated palliative RT was 307 days, those with post palliative RT and palliative chemotherapy was 390 days and patients who went on to receive further palliative RT and curative RT dose had significantly overall survival of 582 days. Conclusions: Advanced head and neck cancer should be identified for suitable palliative hypofractionated radiotherapy to achieve acceptable symptom relief in a great proportion of patients and should be followed by palliative chemotherapy or curative RT in suitable cases for long-term symptom-free survival.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권10호
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• pp.5167-5170
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• 2012

Chilean red chili peppers contaminated with aflatoxins were reported in a previous study. If the development of gallbladder cancer (GBC) in Chile is associated with a high level of consumption of aflatoxin-contaminated red chili peppers, such peppers from other countries having a high GBC incidence rate may also be contaminated with aflatoxins. We aimed to determine whether this might be the case for red chili peppers from Bolivia and Peru. A total of 7 samples (3 from Bolivia, 4 from Peru) and 3 controls (2 from China, 1 from Japan) were evaluated. Aflatoxins were extracted with acetonitrile:water (9:1, v/v) and eluted through an immuno-affinity column. The concentrations of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, and G2 were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and then the detected aflatoxins were identified using HPLC-mass spectrometry. In some but not all of the samples from Bolivia and Peru, aflatoxin B1 or aflatoxins B1 and B2 were detected. In particular, aflatoxin B1 or total aflatoxin concentrations in a Bolivian samples were above the maximum levels for aflatoxins in spices proposed by the European Commission. Red chili peppers from Bolivia and Peru consumed by populations having high GBC incidence rates would appear to be contaminated with aflatoxins. These data suggest the possibility that a high level of consumption of aflatoxin-contaminated red chili peppers is related to the development of GBC, and the association between the two should be confirmed by a case-control study.