• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.403-408
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• 2007

xBrassicoraphanus is an intergenic breed crossed between Brassica campetris L. ssp. pekinensis and Raphanus sativus L. that have been daily consumed. xBrassicoraphanus was known to have good tastes and biological activities. Nevertheless, its constituetnts were not elucidated yet. Thus, in the present study, to indirectly evaluate the biological activity of xBrassicoraphanus, 12 compounds were isolated from leaves and roots of xBrassicoraphanus. On the basis of spectroscopic evidences, the structures of these compounds isolated from leaves of xBrassicoraphanus. were identified as ${\beta}-sitosterol$, indole-3-acetonitrile, ferulic acid, methyl ferulate, linolenic acid methyl ester, linolenic acid and coniferyl alcohol, while the chemical structures of compounds isolated from the roots of were xBrassicoraphanus were characterized as ${\beta}-sitosterol$, indole-3-acetonitrile, ferulic acid, methyl ferulate, linolenic acid methyl ester, 1-methoxyindole-3-acetonitrile, goitrin, 4-hydroxycinnamyl alcohol, coniferyl alcohol, palmitic acid and daucosterol. These can be classified as three steroids, two indole cyanides, two cinnamic acid derivatives, one cinnamyl alcohol derivative, three fatty acid derivatives one isothiocyanate. These results suggest that the compounds isolated from xBrassicoraphanus were almost identical with known components of Brassica campetris L. ssp pekinensis or Raphanus sativus L. However, it is necessary to investigate more about the difference of amounts of constituents according to harvest time and variant species amounts.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.139-148
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• 2010

This study was conducted to restore our traditional Cheongtaejeon tea and to develop the special products. We inoculated Cheongtaejeon tea with lactobacilli (Lactobacillus plantarum CHO 25) and the mixed microbial strains (L. plantarum CHO 25 + Saccharomyces cerevisiae + Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CHO 104). We also examined the sensuous characteristics and physiological activity of Cheongtaejeon tea which was produced by the inoculation of microbial strains. The external appearance of Cheongtaejeon teas were not significant among the teas which were produced with or without the inoculation of L. plantarum CHO 25 and the mixed microbial strains. The taste of the tea increased most in Cheongtaejeon tea which was produced without the inoculation of microbial strains. The taste and liking of Cheongtaejeon tea which was inoculated with Aspergillus oryzae and Aspergillus niger decreased significantly, and it was not suitable to drink. Total phenolics compound contents, total flavonoid contents and DPPH ($\alpha,\alpha$-diphenyl-$\beta$-picryl-hydrazyl) radical scavenging activity of Cheongtaejeon tea extracts increased much more in the order of that produced with the inoculation of L. plantarum CHO 25, control and that with the mixed microbial strains. However, nitrite radical scavenging activity in 1,000 mg/L Cheongtaejeon tea hot water extracts were in the order of the control (94.4%), the inoculation of L. plantarum CHO 25 (93.6%) and the mixed microbial strains (91.1%). Overall results indicated that the sensuous characteristics increased most in Cheongtaejeon tea which was produced without the inoculation of microbial strains, and those physiological activities in tea with the inoculation of L. plantarum CHO 25.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.10
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• pp.4394-4402
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• 2011

The study was done to examine the effects of horticulture therapy on depression and stress in patient of hospice unit. The subjects of this study were hospice patient in D hospital in D city, thirty hospice patient were assigned to experimental group, thirty hospice patient were assigned to control group. Data were collected from April 29, 2009 to July 26, 2009. Horticulture therapy program consisted of indoor and outdoor horticultural activities. The horticulture therapy was conducted 30 minutes, 6 times a week for 3 weeks (a total 18 times). Measures were depression, and stress by serum cortisol count. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square test and t-test with SPSS/WIN 17.0 version. The results of this study was patients in the experimental group receiving Horticulture therapy had a significant difference in changes of depression between the experimental group and control group. The study results indicate that horticulture therapy is an effective, palliative intervention program to improve the depression and stress of hospice patients.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.28 no.10
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• pp.1635-1644
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• 2018

Asterias amurensis (starfish) is a marine organism that is harmful to the fishing industry, but is also a potential source of functional materials. The present study was conducted to analyze the profiles of fatty acids extracted from A. amurensis tissues and their anti-inflammatory effects on RAW264.7 macrophage cells. In different tissues, the component ratios of saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, and polyunsaturated fatty acids differed; particularly, polyunsaturated fatty acids such as dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (20:3n-6) and eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3) were considerably different. In lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, fatty acids from A. amurensis skin, gonads, and digestive glands exhibited anti-inflammatory activities by reducing nitric oxide production and inducing nitric oxide synthase gene expression. Asterias amurensis fatty acids effectively suppressed the expression of inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$, interleukin-$1{\beta}$, and interleukin-6 in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated cells. Cyclooxygenase-2 and prostaglandin $E_2$, which are critical inflammation biomarkers, were also significantly suppressed. Furthermore, A. amurensis fatty acids reduced the phosphorylation of nuclear $factor-{\kappa}B$ p-65, p38, extracellular signal-related kinase 1/2, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase, indicating that these fatty acids ameliorated inflammation through the nuclear $factor-{\kappa}B$ and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. These results provide insight into the anti-inflammatory mechanism of A. amurensis fatty acids on immune cells and suggest that the species is a potential source of anti-inflammatory molecules.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.415-422
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• 2009

This study aimed to develop carnation cultivars with new coloring system. We used four genes of Petunia hybrida - chalcone synthase (CHS), flavanone 3-hydroxylase (FHT), dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR), and anthocyanidin synthase (ANS) - as probes, in order to isolate four genes from carnations (Dianthus Caryophyllus). The isolated genes were used as probes in order to select mutants out of collected carnations, using Northern blot analysis. The Northern blot analysis revealed 10 DFR mutants - Gumbyul, Eunbyul, Ballatyne, Crystal, Eugenia, Koreno, Imp. White Sim, West Crystal, White Alpine, and White Charotte. Six among the selected 10 cultivarswere excluded from the target cultivars, because Eugenia, Imp. White Sim, and White Alpine were proved to be double mutants of DFR and ANS, Koreno was considered to be a double mutant of DFR and CHS, and Gumbyul and Ballatyne were proved to be double mutants of DFR and CHI (Chalcone isomerase). Consequently, we selected five DFR mutants, including Virginie, which was already selected as a DFR mutant. Finally, we measured DFR activities in order to confirm the selection, and the results showed that all of the five cultivars - Eunbyul, Crystal, West Crystal, White Charotte, and Virginie - had got no DFR activity.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.145-150
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• 2010

Anoectochilus formosanus, commonly known as "Jewel Orchids", which has been used in traditional folk medicines for feber, pain, and diseases of the lung and liver in Taiwan. We artificially cultured Anoectochilus formosanus plantlet by using the bioreactor culture system for this study from Anoectochilus formosanus. Previously, several studies have been reported on pharmacological activities of lipid-metabolism, hepatoprotective activity, anti-tumor activity and immuno-stimulating effects but other efficacy were not well known as a cosmetic ingredient for skin care. In this study, we investigated the effect of melanogenesis in B16 mouse melanoma cells and lipid droplet accumulation in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes about Anoectochilus formosanus plantlet extract. We report that Anoectochilus formosanus plantlet extract inhibits the cytoplasmic lipid droplet accumulation through adipogenic differentiation of preadipocytes as well as inhibition of tyorsinase activity and melanogenesis. As a result, our findings indicate that Anoectochilus formosanus plantlet extract may be the potential natural ingredient for whitening and slimming cosmetic products.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.159-164
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• 2010

Specialty barley extracts were prepared and investigated for its antioxidant activity and biological activity. Hunter $L^*$ values of the Iksan 86 extracts had higher than that of the Iksan 87 and Zasoojeongchal extracts. The extraction yields of Iksan 86, Iksan 87, and Zasoojeongchal was 8.08, 6.62, and 7.30%, respectively. The contents of total phenolic compounds of the Iksan 86, Iksan 87, and Zasoojeongchal extracts were 16.24, 15.51, and 13.95 GAE mg/g of sample, respectively. The DPPH radical scavenging activity of Iksan 86, Iksan 87, and Zasoojeongchal extracts were 50.00, 33.27, and 7.56% at a 500 ppm, respectively. The samples showed an inhibition of xanthin oxidase. ACE inhibition effect of specialty barley extracts, Iksan 86, Iksan 87, and Zasoojeongchal, was 39.81, 41.06, and 27.78%, respectively. Tyrosinase inhibition rates (%) of Iksan 86, Iksan 87, and Zasoojeongchal extracts were 26.21, 24.57, and 20.00%, respectively. Results indicated that specialty barley extracts possesses various biological activities including antioxidative capacity, xanthin oxidase inhibition activity, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition activity, and tyrosinase inhibition activity.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.98-105
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• 2019

In this study, bread was prepared using various amount of 'Fuji' apple juice, and quality and antioxidant properties investigated. Bread was prepared with water, butter, yeast, salt, sugar, wheat flour, skim milk powder and 10, 20 and 30% (w/w) 'Fuji' apple juice. Leavening ability and pH of dough were also investigated. Volume, pH, specific volume, baking-loss rate, chromaticity and texture were investigated as quality properties, whereas the total polyphenol content, ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging activity as the antioxidant properties of bread containing various amount of apple juice. The pH and leavening ability of dough were observed to decrease with increasing amount of apple juice. In the quality properties of bread, pH, volume, specific volume, and baking-loss rate decreased. Regarding chromaticity and texture of bread prepared with increasing amount of 'Fuji' apple juice, L (bright) values at crust and crumb of bread decreased, while hardness, chewiness and gumminess increased. Total polyphenol content increased with increasing amount of apple juice, while DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities showed no significant differences. Consequently, these results support the possible use of apple juice for baking foods in food industry, as addition of apple juice enhances the quality and antioxidant properties of bread.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.163-172
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• 2019

Ixeris dentata is a perennial plant belongs to Compositae family and it has been considered as a potential therapeutic agent in many biological activities like detoxification, elimination of blood stasis, anti-inflammatory, and analgesia. The I. dentata used in this experiment was collected in four areas of Yangpyeong, Dangjin, Chuncheon and Goesan, then transplanted to the farm of Department of Herbal Crop Research in National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science. The growth characteristics of I. dentata were investigated after harvesting. The aboveground biomass of plants collected from Chuncheon area was exhibited best, and the biomass of root in YangPyeong was showed best as 3.65 g/plant in dry weight. Based on the HPLC analysis, the leaf of I. dentata collected from Dangjin area was highest in carotenoids contents ($1,213{\mu}g/g$ dry weight), and the leaf of Chuncheon area was exhibited maximal phenolic compounds ($1,918{\mu}g/g$ dry weight). The results of this study could provide fundamental formation for selection of standard varieties of I. dentata and development of functional material by analysis of the growth characteristics and the contents of carotenoids and phenolic compounds.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.30 no.12
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• pp.1927-1936
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• 2020

Tunicates are known to contain biologically active materials and one species in particular, the sea peach (Halocynthia aurantium), has not been thoroughly studied. In this study we aimed to analyze the fatty acids profile of the H. aurantium body wall and its immunomodulatory effects on RAW264.7 macrophage-like cells. The fatty acids were classified into three categories: saturated fatty acids (SFAs), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Omega-3 fatty acid content, including EPA and DHA, was higher than omega-6 fatty acids. H. aurantium body wall fatty acids exhibited enhanced immune response and anti-inflammatory effects on RAW264.7 macrophage-like cells. Under normal conditions, fatty acids significantly increase nitric oxide (NO) and PGE2 production in a dose-dependent manner, thereby improving the immune response. On the other hand, in LPS-treated RAW264.7 cells, fatty acids significantly decreased nitric oxide (NO) and PGE2 production in a dose-dependent manner, thereby enhancing anti-inflammatory effects. Fatty acids transcriptionally control the expression of the immune-associated genes, iNOS, IL-1β, IL-6, COX-2, and TNF-α, via the MAPK and NF-κB signaling cascades in RAW264.7 cells. However, in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, H. aurantium body wall fatty acids significantly inhibited expression of inflammatory cytokine; similarly, production of COX-2 and PGE2 was inhibited. The results of our present study provide insight into the immune-improving and anti-inflammatory effects of H. aurantium body wall fatty acids on macrophages. In addition, our study demonstrates that H. aurantium body wall is a potential source of immune regulatory components.