• Journal of mucopolysaccharidosis and rare diseases
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.54-59
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• 2015

Purpose: Growth hormone (GH) therapy substantially improves several cognitive functions in PWS. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of GH on cognition remain unclear in PWS. In this study, we investigated the effects of recombinant human GH on the gene expression of GABAB receptor subunits and GH/insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis genes in the brain regions of PWS-mimicking mice (Snord116del). Methods: Snord116del mice were injected subcutaneously with 1.0 mg/kg GH or saline, once daily for 7 days. The collected brain tissues were analyzed for mRNA content using quantitative PCR (qPCR) in the cerebellum, hippocampus, and cerebral cortex. Results: GH increased the mRNA expression level of the $GABA_{B1}$ receptor subunit ($GABA_{BR1}$) and IGF-1R in the cerebellum. Furthermore, a significant positive correlation was found between the level of $GABA_{BR1}$ mRNA and the expression of the IGF-1R transcript. GH also induced an increase in the mRNA expression of IGF-2 and IGF-2R in the cerebellum. Conclusion: These data indicate that GH may provide beneficial effects on cognitive function through its influences on the expression of $GABA_{BR1}$ and GH/IGF-1 axis genes in PWS patients.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.624-631
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• 2007

Hypothyroidism is a common disease of the endocrinal system, characterized by fatigue, cold intolerance, bradycardia, and so on. Subclinical hypothyroidism is a common biochemical abnormality which can be found in routine screening tests of thyroid function. It is defined as an asymptomatic state which characterized by normal free thyroxine(FT4) and elevated thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH) levels. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of treatment with palmijihwang-tang and to observe the changes in triiodothyronine(T3), free thyroxine(FT4), thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH) level and VAS of cold intolerance, hoarseness, dry skin. After the treatment, triiodothyronine(T3) increased from 57.12ng/dl to 120.53ng/dl. Free thyroxine(FT4) increased from 12.59pg/ml to 14.21pg/ml. Thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH) decreased from 10.61mU/L to 1.57mU/L. Cold intolerance, hoarseness and dry skin changed for the better. These results support a role for oriental medical therapy in treating subclinical hypothyroidism. Further case studies of herbal treatment of this ailment are needed.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.75-77
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• 2010

Until now, the main treatment for impotence has been the vasodilator injection, penile implants and etc. Among many methods, most effective way is known to be the medical therapy. The oral drug for an impotence remedy has to be above all, effective to the erection, and second, safety when taking in long-term. However, so far the drug in such condition and sufficiency has not been discovered. Consequently, it is crucial to develop the new medicine, made of natural materials only, without any uncertainty of side effect. The silkworm is very difference in physiological chemical change according to growth stage. Therefore the functional effect shows a very big difference according to preparation method with a growth stage. This research carry out the experiment with the pupa powder immediately before the eclosion, eclosion adult, the pupa extract immediately before the eclosion, and the silkworm powder of 5 instar 3rd day. The result showed not a big chance in weight, feed and water intake quantity. But testosterone hormone secretion effects of the freeze drying powder of the pupa immediately before the eclosion was very high 7.31 ng/ml, compared to 2.37 ng/ml of non treatment and 2.67 ng/ml of alcohol extraction method. As this result, the freeze drying pupa powder of the pupa immediately before the eclosion was confirmed to promote the secretion of the testosterone hormone more than alcohol extraction method of existing.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.60-69
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• 2023

Purpose: Despite enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) and/or allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, individuals with mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) I or II often experience significant growth deficiencies. This study aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of recombinant human growth hormone (hGH) treatment in children diagnosed with MPS I or II. Materials and Methods: A total of nine pediatric patients-four with MPS I and five with MPS II-underwent treatment with ERT and hGH at Samsung Medical Center. Results: The mean hGH dose administered was 0.26±0.03 mg/kg/week. In the MPS I group, three patients showed an increase in height Z-score from -4.09±0.83 to -3.68±0.43 after 1 year of hGH treatment, and to -3.10±0.72 by the end of the hGH regimen. In the MPS II group, while the height Z-score of four patients decreased according to standard growth charts, it improved from 1.61±1.79 to 2.71±1.68 based on the disease-specific growth chart through hGH treatment. Two patients discontinued hGH treatment due to lack of efficacy after 22 and 6 months each of treatment, respectively. No new-onset neurological symptoms or necessity for prosthetic or orthopedic surgery were reported during hGH treatment. Conclusion: This study provides insights into the impact of hGH on MPS patients, demonstrating its potential to reverse growth deceleration in some cases. Further research is needed to explore the long-term effects of hGH on changes in body composition, muscle strength, and bone health in this population.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.227-238
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• 2010

Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of growth hormone treatment (GHT) on craniofacial growth in children of short stature. Methods: Nineteen untreated children of short stature were referred from the Pediatric Department, Yeungnam University Hospital as a subject group. All subjects had lateral cephalograms taken before, after 1 year and after 2 years of growth hormone treatment. As a reference group, we selected 19 normal children with paired sampling who matched the subjects' age and sex, from the Department of Orthodontics, Kyungpook National University Hospital. Results: Before GHT, anterior cranial base length and upper posterior facial height, posterior total facial height, mandibular ramus length, and mandibular corpus length were significantly smaller in the reference group. In angular craniofacial measurements, saddle angle and mandibular plane angle were larger. SNA and SNB were smaller in the reference group. After two years of GHT, growth hormone accelerated growth in several craniofacial components. The posterior total facial height, the anterior, posterior cranial base length, and the mandibular ramus length were increased. And the difference in mandibular plane angle and ANB values compared with the reference group was decreased. Conclusions: GHT over 2 years leads to a craniofacial catch-up growth tendency, which is pronounced in interstitial cartilage and condylar cartilage.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.27-35
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• 1999

Background: Fibromyalgia is a common syndrome of musculoskeletal pain and fatigue. Lacking distinctive histological or laboratory abnormality in diagnosis, it has often been considered a form of "psychogenic rheumatism". Fibromyalgia causes much distress to the affected patients and often frustrates physicians, who are unable to start rational therapy on any logical disease pathology. Methods: Growth hormone is essential for muscular homeostasis. In the present study, the notion that the stage-4 sleep anomaly typically seen in the fibromyalgia syndrome may disrupt growth hormone secretion was tested. Because growth hormone has a very short half-life, serum levels of somatomedin C were measured; somatomedin C is the major mediator of growth hormone's anabolic actions and is a prerequisite for normal muscle homeostasis. Serum levels of somatomedin C using acid-extraction procedure and two-site immunoradiome-tric assay (IRMA) and number of tender points were measured in 27 female patients with fibromyalgia from 40 to 60 years old and 27 healthy controls. Results: There were no differences in the concentration of somatomedin C between fibromyalgia patients and controls ($mean{\pm}SD$: $178.3{\pm}75.5$ ng/ml versus $166.3{\pm}76.6$ ng/ml; p=0.55). And there were no correlations between number of tender point and serum somatomedin C level by linear regression analysis. Conclusions: These findings did not support that there is a distinctive disruption of the growth hormone-somatomedin C neuroendocrine axis in a fibromyalgia syndrome. But we can not discard the hypothesis that disturbed sleep predispose to muscle pain.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.99-119
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• 2006

Endothelin (ET) is a 21 amino acid peptide with multifunctional effects on the vasculature as well as a variety of other cell types such as respiratory, gastrointestinal, urogenital, endocrine, central nervous systems, and others. Endothelin has emerged as a modulator by autocrine and paracrine actions for many cellular activities, including vasoconstriction, cell proliferation, hormone production, neurotransmitter and/or neuromodulator. The endothelin family consists of three closely related peptides, ET-1, ET-2, and ET-3 derived from separate genes, such as chromosome 6, 1, and 20, respectively. ET-1 is the predominant isoform produced in the cardiovascular system and about which most is known. Endothelin receptors are seven-transmembrane GTP-binding protein-coupled receptors, which are classified into endothelin-A (ETA) and endothelin-B (ETB) receptors. Interestingly, recent evidence is accumulating to suggest that ET -1 may contribute to a variety of pain states such as allodynia and hyperalgesia in animals and humans. Therefore, in this review the biological characteristics and contraction-related mechanism of endothelin-1 in mammalian cells will be summarized. Especially, we focus on multifunctional roles for ET-1 in noxious stimulation-induced pain for the study of pain specialized physical therapy.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.393-400
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• 2015

The purpose of this study to examine the effect of intermittent fasting and resistance exercise on sex hormone and glucose metabolism of middle-aged women for 12 weeks. The two groups classified that one group(EG) was done intermittent fasting and resistance exercise both, the other group(CG) was controled. The group of EG was applied doing intermittent fasting 1 time for 24 hours a week, and doing resistance exercise 3 times for 60 minutes a week. The intensity of the exercise was 60%. Each measurement variable measured before and after 12 weeks to investigate the effect. During this study got the result with this step. First, EG have shown small interaction with sex hormone. Second, EG have shown small interaction with resistance exercise. Therefore, this study give us positive result to effect of intermittent fasting and resistance exercise on sex hormone and glucose of middle-aged women for 12 weeks. However, it has limitation to verify effect of intermittent fasting and resistance exercise.

• The Journal of Korea Assosiation for Disability and Oral Health
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.70-73
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• 2019

Congenital panhypopituitarism is an uncommon condition, present from birth, characterized by the decreased secretion of most of the hormones produced by the pituitary. The purpose of this case report is to present a case about caries treatment of a 26-month-old female patient with congenital panhypopituitarism under general anesthesia. A 26-month-old girl with congenital panhypopituitarism visited Seoul National University Dental Hospital for caries treatment of anterior primary teeth. Because of the child's age and underlying systemic disease, dental treatment under general anesthesia was considered. Prior to the dental procedure, 30mg of cortisol was administered intravenously in order to prevent possible adrenal crisis by stressful events. The dental procedure was successfully performed under general anesthesia. This case report suggests that general anesthesia may be useful for the dental treatment with congenital panhypopituitarism. Hormone deficiency should be assessed prior to dental procedure and, if necessary, stress hormone replacement therapy should be considered.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.15-23
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• 1985

Therapy for anovulation represents one of the more gratifying and successful type of infertility management. Despite the introduction of bromocriptine, human menopausal gonadotropin (HMG), and gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH), clomiphene citrate remains the mainstay of ovulation induction therapy. There is wide variability in reported rates of ovulation induction (57-91%) and conception (25-43%) following clomiphene therapy. Factors contributing to this variability among different reports are the differences in dosage and duration of therapy, different criteria utilized in selecting patients for clomiphene therapy and different luteal phase parameters of presumptive ovulation. A review of recent experience with clomiphene citrate in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in Seoul National University from January, 1983 to May, 1985 yields the following conclusions: 1. Ovulation rate per total patients treated was, 69.0% 2. Pregnancy rate per total patients treated was 31.7%, and that per total patients ovulated was 45.9%. 3. Ovulation rate at the dosage level up to 150 mg/day (50.3-53.8%) was somewhat higher than that at 200 mg/day or more (33.3-34.6%), and pregnancy rate per total patients treated was comparable at each dosage level. 4. Ovulation rate per total patients ovulated at each dosage level, where ovulation and conception occurred, showed a decreasing tendency as the dosage increased, but pregnancy rate per total patients conceived was comparable except at 200 mg/day. 5. Cumulative pregnancy rate per total patients conceived in each ovulatory cycle was 68.9% in 3 cycles, 88.9% in 4 cycles, and 100% in 6 cycles.