• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.527-548
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• 2019

For Deleuze, the frame is a closed system with numerous subsets of information. the frame can be defined by mathematics and physics. it is a geometric system of equilibrium and harmony with variables or coordinates. like paintings, Linear perspective represents a three-dimensional depth in a two-dimensional plane through vanishing points, horizontal lines in the frame. Linear perspective makes it possible to assume the infinity towards the vanishing point and the infinity towards the outside of the frame, the opposite of the vanishing point. Not only figures and lines in the drawing paper, but also the space between the figures and lines in the drawing paper was recognized. that is space, the 3rd dimension. with the centripetal force and centrifugal force of the frame, frame follow the physical rules of power and movement. de framing is against the dominant linear perspective and central tendency of the frame. The film contains four-dimensional time while reproducing three-dimensional space in two dimensions. It may be that the outside of the frame, or outside the field of view, contains thought, the fifth dimension.

• Journal of Elementary Mathematics Education in Korea
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.17-30
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• 2009

This paper is about the basic skills of four operations in numbers and operations areas from step 1 to step 3 in elementary mathematics. Here are the results of the evaluation. First, addition and subtraction take the largest time. The average difficulty rate in operations area is 91.2%. Most students understand the contents of textbook well. Specifically, students easily understand the step 1. However, subtraction has lower difficulty rate than addition. Also, three mixed computation, calculation in horizontal, and rounding(rounding down) are difficult areas for students. The contents of step 2 are fully understood. However, lots of mistakes are found in the process of rounding(rounding down), and sentence problems are thought as difficult. Second, the multiplication is first starting in the step 2-Ga. The unit 'Multiplication 99' takes 13 hours, the longest. The difficulty rate in this unit is 89.4%, students understand well. However, students are influenced by addition and subtraction errors in the process of multiplication, and have difficulty in changing the sentence problem to multiplication expression. Third, the division, which starts in step 3-Ga, has 89.9% of difficulty rate. Students well understand. Result of this paper: most of students understand well four operations, but accurate concept, the relationship between multiplication and division, specific instructions in teaching principles of division calculation and sentence problems are in need. Setting the amount of the contents and difficulty rate in understanding are depends on every school's situation, so suggesting universal standard is really hard. However, studying more objects broadly and specific study will be helpful to suggest proper contents and effective teaching.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.531-537
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• 2016

The damage and fracture of machine or structure are caused by the crack happened from the defect existed at the inside of material. The properties of crack propagation and growth characteristic must be considered because there are many cases at which these cracks are densely existed. Therefore, this study investigates the fracture property due to the position of crack and hole inside the standard compact tension (C. T.) specimen. When the concentrated load is applied eccentrically at the standard C. T. specimen, the fracture mechanical behavior due to the existence or non-existence and the position of hole near crack is investigated. As the result of analysis study, model 3 (in case of the distance of 2mm on the horizontal direction between the end part and hole as the specimen model existed with one hole near the crack) has the maximum deformation, stress and deformation energy of the most values among three models. As the distance between the crack and hole inside the specimen becomes nearer, the maximum stress becomes higher in cases of three models. Apart from the number of holes, it is seen that the maximum stress becomes higher near the crack when the hole exists near the crack inside the specimen. If the hole inside the machine or the mechanical structure is punctured by using the result of this study, it is thought that the occurred breakage or breakdown can be prevented by reducing the fracture stress happened at the specimen.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.750-758
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• 2006

Calcium-binding protein calretinin is thought to play important roles in calcium buffering. Recently, we reported on the distribution, morphology of calretinin-immunoreactive (IR) neurons and the effects of eye enucleation on the immunoreactivity of calretinin in the superficial layers of the hamster superior colliculus (SC). In the present study, we describe the distributions and types of labeled cells and effects of enucleation in the deeper layers by immunocytochemistry. We also compare this labeling to that of GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. In contrast to the superficial layers, the deeper layers contained many calretinin-IR neurons which formed two tiers. The first tier, which was very distinctive, was found within the intermediate gray layer. The second tier was found in the deep gray layer. Labeled neurons varied dramatically in morphology and included vertical fusiform, stellate, round/oval, and horizontal neurons. In contrast to the superficial layers, enucleation appeared to have no effect on the distribution of calretinin immunoreactivity in the deeper layers. Two-color immunofluorescence revealed that none of calretinin-IR neurons were labeled with an antibody to GABA. The present results demonstrate that calretinin identifies unique neuronal sublaminar organizations in the hamster SC. The present results also demonstrate that none of the calretinin-IR neurons in the hamster SC is GABAergic interneurons. As many calretinin-IR cells are GABAergic interneurons in most other brain areas, this phenomenon in hamster SC is exceptional.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.9-15
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• 2009

The ultrastructure of the fertilized egg envelope in Cichlasoma managuensis belonging to Cichlidae were investigated by routine light and electron microscopes. The fertilized eggs of Cichlasoma managuensis was of the light yellow, non-transparent, ellipsoidal, adhesive and nonfloted type. The size of fertilized egg was the major axis $1.92{\pm}0.08\;mm$, the minor axis $1.43{\pm}0.04\;mm$. The egg envelopes have a single micropyle, which is thought to the pathway of sperm in the area of the animal pole. An outer surface of fertilized egg envelope was covered by a adhesive reticular structures and the fertilized egg envelopes consisted of two distinct layers; an outer adhesive layer and an inner layer of $13{\sim}15$ horizontal lower electron density lamellae alternating with interlamellae of higher electron density. The external shape of fertilized egg is common trait of fishes belonging to Cichlidae and these ultrastructural characters of fertilized egg envelope can be utilized in taxonomy of teleost.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.293-299
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• 2002

The anchovy scoop net fishery is one of the important in the South sea and coastal of Jeju of Korea. They are using incandescent lamp as a fishing lamp at night to gather anchovy shoals in the water surface. Fishing lamp (AC 100 V 500 W$\times$2~3 or AC 100 V 1 ㎾$\times$1) was installed at 1 m ahead of the prow and 1.5 m height from the water surface. The fishing lamp let anchovy shoals rise to the water surface and are attracted to bag net. On this study, the distribution of submarine illumination of 1㎾ and 2 ㎾ incandescent lamp were analyzed and discussed to investigate the ability of fishing lamp which can gather anchovy shoals effectively. The submarine illumination of incandescent lamp showed peak in wave length 690 nm. The relationship between submarine illumination (L) and water depth (Z) of 1 ㎾ and 2 ㎾ incandescent lamp in vertical light is 1 ㎾ : L = 3851. 9 $e^{-1.4587Z}$ $R^2$=0.9952 2 ㎾ : L= 8211.9 $e^{-1.2852Z}$ $R^2$=0.9977 The submarine illumination of 2 ㎾ incandescent lamp of 0～4 m layers appeared to be 3 to 4 times higher than 1 ㎾ incandescent lamp, and in more deep layers than 6 m appeared to be equal value of each lamp. The light of incandescent lamp (1 ㎾) pass through much better into vertical direction than horizontal, and submarine illumination of 20 m layers was 1.0 l$\chi$. Therefore, fishing lamp power is thought that 1 ㎾ incandescent lamp is more efficient than 2 ㎾ to gather anchovy shoals in depth of 15~20 m to water surface.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.55-62
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• 2007

Radical paring of the cleft edge during primary cleft lip operation or repeated secondary surgeries can result in tightness of the upper lip. In case, the degree of the resulting side-to-side tension is very severe, the possibility of a lip switch flap must be considered. When the lip tightness accompanies a loss of more than two-thirds of the Cupid's bow, an Abbe flap is an alternative. The disadvantages of Abbe flap are scar formation on the lower lip, design of incision line on the upper lip, disharmony of colors, and the dysfunction of the orbicularis muscle. These problems have been recognized in the literature and extreme discretion has been advised in its application. We experienced four cases of Abbe flap operation which were designed differently to correct the secondary unilateral or bilateral cleft-lip nasal deformities. The Abbe flap operations resulted in removal of the scars and tightness of the upper lip, reconstruction of the Cupid's bow, lengthening of the columella, and therefore secondary cleft-lip nasal deformity could be corrected. It is thought that carefully applied Abbe flap is an appropriate method to relieve horizontal tightness or flattening of the upper lip which occured after primary operation of cleft lip.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.761-770
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• 2021

In order to establish an independent relationship between occupations in accordance with the abuse of doctor's orders and employment, the position of each physician and medical technician group, and the education system and laws of Japan, the United States, and England To promote the improvement of public health. The main differences in positions among related interest groups were analyzed, and the proposals and precedents of the National Assembly laws that were initiated after 1963 were analyzed and compared with the laws of developed countries. Among the OECD member countries, 26 countries except Korea have enacted a single law for medical technicians, and the meaning of instructions and supervision differs from country to country. The Medical Technician Act, etc., is inappropriate to apply the current and situation of the times as the laws of the 20th century to represent all the laws of the eight medical technicians. It is thought that a change in the word of direction and supervision under the control of the company is inevitable from a future-oriented horizontal perspective.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.205-212
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• 2018

In order to overcome shortcomings of commercial analysis program for solving certain geotechnical problems, finite element method adopting isoparametric quadrilateral element was selected as a tool for analyzing soil behavior and calculating process was programmed. Two examples were considered in order to verify reliability of the developed program. One of the two examples is the case of acting isotropic confining pressure on finite element and the other is the case of acting shear stress on the sides of the finite element. Isoparametric quadrilateral element was considered as the finite element and displacements in the element can be expressed by node displacements and shape functions in the considered element. Calculating process for determining strain which is defined by derivatives using global coordinates was coded using the Jacobian and the natural coordinates. Four point Gauss rule was adopted to convert double integral which defines stiffness of the element into numerical integration. As a result of executing analysis of the finite element under isotropic confining pressure, calculated stress corresponding to four Gauss points and center of the element were equal to the confining pressure. In addition, according to the analyzed results for the element under shear stress, horizontal stresses and vertical stresses were varied with positions in the element and the magnitudes and distribution pattern of the stresses were thought to be rational.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.429-436
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• 2023

Traditional Chinese music has a deep indigenous color and has its own unique way of thinking and characteristics. A consensus has already been formed that linear thinking is a major feature of traditional Chinese music, and it has been implemented in both traditional multi-tone and single-tone music. It is mainly expressed in the form of single-tone music or single-tone music. This linear thought of traditional Chinese music is formed by influencing factors in various fields. For example, it is related to national culture, geographical and natural environment, religious and philosophical background, traditional Chinese notation, individual characteristics of traditional musical instruments, Yulje, composition, and transmission methods. This thinking is different from Western classical music that pursues three-dimensional thinking, and Western music emphasizes the harmony of harmony, harmony of tone and texture, logic and identity of structure, and emphasizes the aspect of space. However, traditional Chinese music emphasizes the horizontal development of melody, the fluency of ancestors, and the continuity of structure. We aims to analyze the causes of linear thinking of traditional Chinese music so that it can be more useful in educational aspects and promote the succession and development of traditional music by transferring knowledge of ethnic music.