• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.255-262
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• 2008

고흥지역 일대에 분포하는 백악기 화강암을 대상으로 석영내에 발달해 있는 아문미세균열을 측정하여 연구지역의 고응력장을 분석하였다. 5개의 시료(GH-1, GH-3, GH-4, GH-5, GH-8)에서 아문미세균열들의 방향을 측정하여 분석한 결과, GH-1, GH-3, GH-4에서 최대수평주응력은 $N60^{\circ}W$와 $N70^{\circ}E$, $N20^{\circ}W,\;N50^{\circ}W$의 방향성이 가장 우세하였으며, N-S와 $N30^{\circ}E$의 방향성도 미약하게 나타났다. GH-5와 GH-8시료에서는 최대수평주응력의 방향 $N40^{\circ}E$와 $N10^{\circ}E$가 가장 우세하였고, $N40^{\circ}W$의 방향성도 미약하게 나타났다 전체적인 최대수평주응력의 방향은 $N60^{\circ}W$가 가장 우세하였으며, $N20^{\circ}W$, $N20^{\circ}E$, $N70^{\circ}E$등의 방향성도 미약하게 나타났다. 이 연구의 결과와 기존의 고등력장에 관한 연구결과를 종합해 볼 때, 백악기 말에서 신생대 3기 초 사이 연구지역에 작용한 최대수평주응력의 방향은 WNW에서 NE로 변화했을 것으로 판단되며, 그 원인으로는 그 당시 동북아시아 일대에 일어났던 복잡한 지구조운동에 기인한 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제40호
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• pp.139-148
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• 2003

For lighting design in such diverse structures, we need lots of considerations, such as use and characteristics of the structure, harmony with its surroundings, and the function and type of lighting to be installed. The structural characteristics is determined by its shape and several vertical and horizontal factors based on the shape, which can be focused on at day time by shading, the surface structure, the quality of the surface and the color. On the other hand, they can be at night hidden in the darkness or enforced strongly by the effect of the lighting. In this paper, correlation between the ways of lighting and building facade types according to vocabularies for sensitivity is explored based upon an analysis of building facades for small-scale commerce which plays an important role in cityscape lighting design. It is considered that categorization of types of building facades, presented in this article, and the classification system of exterior lighting methods can be useful in planning lighting. And the process of the study is thought to be able to present a method about the exterior lighting planning. Furthermore, computer simulation on the bases of the correlation model of the lighting methods related to vocabularies for sensitivity about the building facade types is expected to be data and means which can be a great help for designers to predict various results quickly.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.32-39
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is create a comparative analysis of the characteristics of various materials which were used on the outer wall of F.L.Wright's works. The research results will be summarized as follows: 1) Wright thought that the outer wall was not just a physical object which divides the space of a house but it includes the image of the total exterior form, as well as, the economical factors of the age. 2) He tried to sublimate architectural image of his own style with the change of time because he recognized difficulties and limitations of traditional materials and economic feasibility. 3) He used nature-friendly material like wood and brick which were used in various methods of his natural architectural concept. 4) Some of Wright's early works were acculturated by classical architectural components such as the column to emphasize verticality of architectural form. The columns play a division role in the face of the outer wall creating a dynamic image and this also controls the amount of light that enters inside the house.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.33-38
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to investigate the concentration of sea-salt distribution giving great characteristic environmentally. Therefore the field measurement was conducted to target high-rise apartments constructing in reclaimed land of Busan and measured the concentration of sea-salt by means of distance and height of high-rise apartments from coast. The results of this study were as follows ; 1) The more a horizontal distance is far from coast, the more concentration sea-salt become low. But this study can not draw conclusion exactly as differ from a tendency of the thing close to the coast and the land. 2) In the near seaside, No.132 apartment accords existing research result that in difference of the concentration of sea-salt by height, the more height is high, the more that is high. But in seaside, No.117 apartment of middle point appears that the upper story and the lower story than middle story. Once more, in inland, No.132 apartment and No.117 apartment tend toward opposite it of the seaside. The reason that the result of this measurement and existing study is not agreement is thought that it occurs to turbulent flow between apartments by construction of high-rise apartments group.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.15-19
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• 1999

Three wood coffins of Chosun Dynasty period buried about 450 years ago were excavated in the sound condition in Andong area in the early 1998. The proprietors of wood coffins were grandparents, Mr. Myoung Jong Lee and Mrs. Mun, and their grandson, Mr. Eung Tae Lee, and the social standing of their family was known to belong to the nobility in those days by the clan genealogy. All the wood coffins investigated through light microscopy had same anatomical characteristics as follows: abrupt to somewhat abrupt tracheid transition from earlywood to latewood; normal longitudinal and horizontal resin canals with thin-walled epithelium; tylosoids in resin canals; bordered pits frequently in 1 row on radial walls of tracheids; 1 or 2 window-like pits per cross-field; uniseriate and fusiform rays; heterogeneous rays composed of body ray parenchyma cells and marginal ray tracheids or homgeneous rays composed of only ray tracheids; dentate ray tracheids; occasional trabeculae traversing tracheids in radial direction. Based on theses microscopic characteristics, all the wood coffins were identified to be Korean red pine (Pinus densiflora) or Korean black pine (Pinus thunbergii). Korean black pine growing naturally in coastal area might not be probable because the site of excavation, Andong area, was mountainous and inland area of Korea Thus, Korean red pine was thought to be the possible species for the wood coffins because of its natural distribution through the Korean Peninsula and the easy availability.

• 한국패션뷰티학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.31-38
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• 2005

Make-up changes facial images. In particular, eyebrow make-up is a part of changing expression most easily and effectively. While color make-up is helpful to produce women's desired image with their favorite colors, eyebrow make-up is hidden actor to give a clear impression to others. Therefore, this study connected facial type which is an important factor deciding facial image with eyebrow, examined image of eyebrow make-up and that changed by facial types and aimed to be helpful in producing more effective facial image with eyebrow make-up considering one's facial type. Consequently, it was found that eyebrow make-up was a great factor in making better facial impression and image and complementing the weakness of facial type. h strong impression of facial type can be changed into soft shape or foolish shape in worse case depending on the types of eyebrow make-up. Eyebrow make-up shows charming image as angle of eyebrow is steep, heavy image as eyebrow is horizontal, cold image as eyebrow tail rises and simple and dull image as it lowers. Therefore, it is known that image of eyebrow make-up can be governed by several factors including angle and direction of eyebrow. Consequently, it is thought that most effective eyebrow make-up considers individual facial types, images of their eyes, noses and mouths and factors deciding angle, direction and colors of eyebrow.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제12권1_2호
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• pp.35-40
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• 1978

경사대에 의한 수등적체위 변화시 분시 호흡수, 혈액 pH, $PCO_2$ 및 $PO_2$의 변화를 관찰하고 다음과 같은 성적을 얻었다. 체위변화시 호흡수는 기립위에서는 수평대조치에 비해 감소하고 도립위에서는 많은 증가를 보였다. 혈액 pH는 기립위에서 수평대조치에 비해 동맥혈은 0.2%가 증가되었고 정맥혈은 0.3%가 감소하였다. 도립위에서는 수평대조치와 거의 변화가 없는 값을 나타내었다. $PCO_2$는 기립위에서 수평대조치에 비해 동맥혈은 8.3%, 정맥혈은 0.3%가 감소되었고 도립위에서는 동맥혈은 20.1%가 감소되고 이것은 통계적으로 의의있는 변화였다. 정맥혈은 7%가 감소되었다. $PO_2$는 기립위에서 동맥혈은 2%가 증가, 정맥혈은 21.7%가 감소되었으며 이것은 통계적으로 의의있는 변화였다. 도립위에서는 동맥혈은 11.4%가 증가되고 정맥혈은 14.1%가 감소되었다. 도립위에서 동맥혈의 $PO_2$가 증가 되는 원인은 도립중의 과도호흡하에 의한 것이라 사료되며 정맥혈의 $PO_2$의 감소는 도립중의 근육수축에 연유하는 산소소비량의 증가가 그 원인이라고 사료된다. 또 도립위에서 $PO_2$가 감소하고 수소ion의 감소가 예상됨에도 불구하고 pH가 증가하지 않는것은 산소소비가 증가되고 정맥혈의 $PO_2$가 감소되는 것으로 봐서 염기성해당으로 젖산이 증가된것이 아닌가 생각된다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.15-20
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• 2011

소나무재선충병은 우리나라의 대표 수종인 소나무를 괴사시키는 주요 산림병의 하나로 재선충의 침입과 수체내에서의 이동 경로 파악은 이들의 서식 형태를 구명하는데 매우 중요하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 감염목 내에서의 재선충 주요 서식 부위와 이동 경로를 명확히 구명하기 위해 재선충 피해목에 대한 현미경적 조사를 수행하였다. 그 결과 피해목의 특징으로는 횡단면, 방사단면, 접선단면 모두에서 주로 방사조직이 감염을 통해 진하게 착색된 것으로 드러났으며 수지구에서도 집중적인 피해가 관찰되었다. 또한 형성층과 가까운 변재 부위에서는 연륜을 따라 접선방향으로 연속 배열된 상해수지구로 보이는 특징이 관찰되었다. 재선충은 방사가도관보다는 방사유세포에서 그리고 수평수지구를 지니지 않는 단열방사조직보다는 수평수지구를 지니는 방추형방사조직에서 훨씬 더 많은 재선충이 발견되었으며 방사조직에서 가도관으로 이동하는 선충도 관찰되었다. 방사조직에서 가도관으로의 이동 시 가도관의 벽을 천공한 다음 이동하거나 크기가 작은 개구부인 측벽의 유연벽공을 통해 이동하기보다는 크기가 큰 개구부인 창상 직교분야벽공을 이동 통로로 삼는 것으로 사료되었다.

• 대기
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.183-193
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• 2020

In this study, Yeongdong cold air damming (YCAD) cases that occur in winters have been selected using automatic weather station data of the Yeongdong region of Korea. The vertical and horizontal scales of YCAD were analyzed using rawinsonde and numerical weather model. YCAD occurred in two typical synoptic patterns such that low pressure and trough systems crossing and passing over Korea (low crossing type: LC and low passing type: LP). When the Siberian high does not expand enough to the Korean peninsula, low pressure and trough systems are likely to move over Korea. Eventually this could lead to surface temperature (3.1℃) higher during YCAD than the average in the winter season (1.6℃). The surface temperature during YCAD, however, was decrease by 1.3℃. The cold air layer was elevated around 120 m~450 m for LP-type. For LC-type, the cold layer were found at less than approximately 400 m and over 1,000 m, which could be thought of combined phenomena with synoptic and local weather forcing. The cross-sectional analysis results indicate the accumulation of cold air on the east mountain slope. Additionally, the north or northeasterly winds turned to the northwesterly wind near the coast in all cases. The horizontal wind turning point of LC-type was farther from the top of the mountain (52.2 km~71.5 km) than that of LP-type (20.0 km~43.0 km).

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.349-360
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• 2018

This study analyzed variations of learning stress by comparing the salivary cortisol levels of students who participated in Earth Science inquiry activities. The cortisol concentrations between the pre- and post-inquiries of the sample of 34 university students, who had taken the course of 'Basic Earth Science and Experiments', were analyzed. The Earth Science inquiries consisted of geology and astronomy activities. The observational geology activities consisted of a session of 'structure contours and map patterns' and the cognitive astronomy activities consisted of a session of 'representations of horizontal and equatorial coordinates'. These Earth Science inquiry activities were found to cause students to have anxiety, and the thought processes that these activities involved were found to cause learning stress. The variations in cortisol concentrations of students increased by $1.6{\pm}5.9ng\;mL^{-1}$ after conducting observational activities in geology compared with $2.1{\pm}6.2ng\;mL^{-1}$ after doing cognitive activities in astronomy. The analysis of the observational activities in the geology inquiry activities indicated that they were consistent with low levels of learning stress. Conversely, the analysis of the cognitive activities in the astronomy inquiry activities showed significant individual variations in cortisol concentrations. Furthermore, individual differences in cognitive ability were reflected in the astronomy inquiry activities. While students, who received high scores, exhibited low levels of stress in the geology inquiry activities, they showed high levels of stress in the astronomy inquiry activities. It was concluded that, in the case of students with high scores in the study, the level of learning stress increased due to the raised anxiety in cognitive inquiry activities. In contrast, students, who received low scores in the study, exhibited high levels of stress in the geology inquiry activities, and low levels of stress in the astronomy inquiry activities.