• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2000년도 제15차 학술회의논문집
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• pp.192-192
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• 2000

In this paper, a platoon merging is considered as a remote-controlled system with the state represented by a stochastic process. In this system, it becomes to encounter situations where a single decision maker controls a large number of subsystems, and observation and control signals are sent over a communication channel with finite capacity and significant transmission delays. Unlike classical estimation problem in which the observation is a continuous process corrupted by additive noise, there is a constraint that the observation must be coded and transmitted over a digital communication channel with finite capaci쇼. A recursive coder-estimator sequence is a state estimation scheme based on observations transmitted with finite communication capacity constraint. Using the coder-estimator sequence, the remote control station designs a feedback controller. In this paper, we introduce a stochastic model for the lead vehicle in a platoon of vehicles considering the angle between a road surface and a horizontal plane as a stochastic process. The simulation results show that the inter-vehicle distance and the deviation from the desired inter-vehicle distance are well regulated.

• 대한전자공학회논문지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.550-556
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• 1986

This paper proposes a two-layer channel routing algorithm using the division of signal nets in LSI/VLSI layout design. To solve the vertical constraint problem, the doglegging method is used. Although signal net division and the dogleg are used, the routing is accomplished within local channel density and the increase in vias is repressed by assining the vertical segments to the metal layer and the horizontal segments to the poly layer. The algorithm was implemented on a VAX 11/780 computer. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is proved by appling this algorithm to Deutch's difficult example.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제11권10호
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• pp.4759-4780
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• 2017

Full Dimension multiple input multiple output (FD-MIMO) architecture employs a planar array design at the Base Station (BS) to provide high order multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO) via simultaneous data transmission to large number of users. With FD-MIMO, the BS can also adjust the beam direction in both elevation and azimuth direction to concentrate the energy on the user of interests while minimizing the interference leakage to co-scheduled users in the same cell or users in the neighboring cells. In a typical highly populated macrocell environment, modelling the elevation angular characteristics of three-dimensional (3D) channel is critical to understanding the performance limits of the FD-MIMO system. In this paper, we study the throughput performance of FD-MIMO system with varying elevation angular spread and inter-element spacing using a 3D spatial channel model. Our results show that for a typical urban scenario, horizontal beamforming with correlated antenna spacing achieves optimal performance but by restricting the spread of elevation angles of departure, elevation beamforming achieves high array gain with wide inter-element spacing. We also realize significant gains due to spatial array processing via modelling the elevation domain and varying the inter-element spacing for both the transmitter and receiver.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.561-575
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• 1996

The interaction of turbulent mixed convection and surface radiation in a three-dimensional channel with the heated blocks is analyzed numerically. Two blocks are maintained at high temperature and the other bottom and horizontal walls are insulated. S-4 method is employed to calculate the effect of the radiative heat transfer. The low Reynolds number k-$\varepsilon$ model proposed by Launder and Sharma is used to estimate the turbulent influence on the heat transfer enhancement. From above modeling, the effects of various channel specifications on the flow and heat transfer characteristics are investigated. The variables used for the present study are Reynolds number, block spacing, the channel height spacing for block and the emissivity. Average Nusselt numbers along the block surfaces are correlated and presented in terms of Reynolds number, emissivity and dimensionless geometric parameters. For the range of conditions in this study, average Nusselt numbers along the block surfaces are strongly influenced by the Reynolds numbers and channel height spacing for block but weakly influenced by the block spacing and the emissivity of the adiabatic walls.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2004년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.1270-1275
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• 2004

Flow condensation heat transfer coefficients(HTCs) of R22 and R134a were measured on horizontal aluminum multi-channel tube. The experimental apparatus was composed of three main parts ; a refrigerant loop, a water loop and a water-ethylene glycol loop. The test section in the refrigerant loop was made of aluminum multi-channel tube of 1.4 mm hydraulic diameter and 0.53 m length. The refrigerant was cooled by passing cold water through an annulus surrounding the test section. The data scan vapor qualities $(0.1{\sim}0.9)$, mass flux ($200{\sim}400$ $kg/m^{2}s$) and heat flux ($7.3{\sim}7.7$ $kW/m^{2}$) at $40{\times}0.2^{\circ}C$ saturation temperature in small hydraulic diameter tube. It was found that some well-known previous correlations were not suitable for multichannel tube. So, It must develop new correlations for multi-channel tubes.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제36권8B호
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• pp.1021-1027
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• 2011

해상에서는 지상에서와 같은 고속의 통신 수단이 존재하지 않으며 주로 초단파를 이용하여 기본적인 정보나 음성 통신을 수행하고 있다. 지상의 경우 이론적인 해석 결과나 실험 결과를 바탕으로 하는 통신 채널 모델이 존재하나 해상의 경우에는 제한적인 연구 결과가 존재하고 있는 실정이다. 본 논문에서는 초단파 영역의 해상 채널 특성 파악을 위하여 지상에 송신국을 설치하고 선박에 수신국을 설치하여 거리에 따른 해상 채널 특성을 살펴보았다. 해석 결과에 따르면 선박의 이동에 의한 도플러 변이가 관측되며 거리가 증가함에 따라 에너지가 감소하고 있으며 특히 수직/수평 또는 수평/수직 채널에 대하여 통계적인 특성이 크게 변화하고 있는 결과를 가지고 있음을 알 수 있다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제54권5호
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• pp.1874-1889
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• 2022

In this study, we evaluate the thermal-hydraulic performance and economics of Printed Circuit Heat Exchanger (PCHE) according to the channel types and associated shape variables for the design of recuperators with Sodium-cooled Fast Reactors (SFRs). To perform the evaluations with variables such as the Reynolds number, channel types, tube diameter, and shape variables, a code for the heat exchanger is developed and verified through a comparison with experimental results. Based on the code, the volume and pressure drop are calculated, and an economic assessment is conducted. The zigzag type, which has bending angle of 80° and a tube diameter of 1.9 mm, is the most economical channel type in a SFR using CO₂ as the working fluid. For a SFR using N₂, we recommend the airfoil type with vertical and horizontal numbers of 1.6 and 1.1, respectively. The airfoil type is superior when the mass flow rate is large because the operating cost changes significantly. When the mass flow rate is small, volume is a more important design parameter, therefore, the zigzag type is suitable. In addition, we conduct a sensitivity analysis based on the production cost of the PCHE to identify changes in optimal channel types.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제26권8호
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• pp.809-820
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• 2005

The fluvial sequence developed along the channel margin of meander bends in the midstream of the Yeongsan River consists of channel deposits at the bottom and overbank deposits at the top, and shows a fining-upward trend. The fluvial deposits consist of 7 sedimentary facies, and facies association forms 7 architectural elements. The channel deposits formed as channel bar or point bar. The channel bar deposits consisted of architectural element of gravel bedform were formed by channel lag deposits within the channel; whereas, the channel bar deposits consisted of architectural elements of downcurrent-dipping inclined strata sets, cross-stratified and horizontally stratified sets, and horizontally stratified sets were formed by downstream migration of sand wave or downstream transport of sand by traction current in the upper flow regime conditions within the channel. The point bar deposits consist of architectural elements of down current-dipping inclined strata sets, horizontally stratified sets, cross-stratified and horizontally stratified sets, and laterally inclined and horizontally stratified sets. These architectural elements are thought to have been formed by the combined effects of the migration of sand dunes and the formation of horizontal lamination in the upper flow regime plane bed conditions. The overbank deposits consist of the architectural elements of overbank fine and sand sheet and lens. The overbank fines were formed by settling of mud from slackwater during flooding over floodplain whereas the sand sheet and lens were formed by traction of sands introduced episodically fiom channel to the overbank during flooding.

• 정보보호학회논문지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.727-738
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• 2015

현재 전력 분석은 여러 가지 부채널 분석 중 가장 활발하게 연구되고 있다. 1999년 Kocher 등에 의해 차분 전력 분석이 제안된 이후로 소프트웨어/하드웨어 기반 암호 디바이스를 대상으로 하는 다양하고 현실적인 전력 분석 공격이 제안되었다. 본 논문은 공개키 암호 알고리즘에 대하여 단 하나의 파형을 이용하는 전력분석에 안전한 대응기법의 취약성을 분석한다. 2010년 ICICS에서 Clavier 등은 단 하나의 지수승 파형으로 비밀 정보를 찾아낼 수 있는 수평적 상관관계 분석과 그에 대한 대응기법을 제안하였다. 그 중 하나인 "Blind operands in LIM" 대응기법은 큰 정수 곱셈의 두 입력에 대한 덧셈 블라인딩을 이용하여 비밀정보와 관련된 중간 값 노출을 막는다. 그럼에도 불구하고 이 대응기법은 공격자가 알고 있는 평문에 대한 전력 누설을 일으킬 수 있는 취약점을 가지고 있다. 본 논문에서는 세 가지 공격시나리오를 통해 취약점을 분석했고 실제적인 실험을 통해 이를 증명하였다.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.434-445
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• 2021

This paper proposes an optimal design method for an unmanned underwater vehicle (UUV) platform to overcome strong current. First, to minimize the hydrodynamic drag components in water, the vehicle is designed to have a streamlined disc shape, which help maintaining horizontal motion (zero roll and pitch angles posture) while overcoming external current. To this end, four vertical thrusters are symmetrically mounted outside of the platform to stabilize the vehicle's horizontal motion. In the horizontal plane, four horizontal thrusters are symmetrically mounted outside of the disc, and each of them has the same forward and reverse thrust performances. With these four thrusters, a specific thrust vector control (TVC) method is proposed, and for external current in any direction, four horizontal thrusters are controlled to generate a vectored thrust force to encounter the current while minimizing the vehicle's rotation and maintaining its heading. However, for the numerical simulations, the vehicle's hydrodynamic coefficients related to the horizontal plane are derived based on both theoretical and empirically derived formulas. In addition to the simulation, experimental studies in both the water tank and circulating water channel are performed to verify the vehicle's various final performances, including its ability to overcome strong current.