• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.35-39
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• 2006

During the breeding seasons in 2002 and 2003, the influences of vegetation cover on breeding processes of Black-tailed Gulls (Laurs crassirostris) were studied on Hongdo Island. We checked dutch sizes, calculated hatching success and survival rates on day 15 and a vegetation cover, There was significant positive relationship between vegetation cover and hatching success, and survival on day 15. In order to analyze the relationship, sample nests were categorized as 'exposed' and 'covered' nests, and the breeding processes at each nest were compared. Hatching success and survival on day 15 in covered nests were significantly higher than ones in exposed nests. However, in clutch size, there was no significant difference. The rate of the hatching and survival failure was different amongst the categorized nests. The primary cause of hatching failure in covered and exposed nests was 'disappeared', and the primary causes of survival failure on day 15 were 'disappeared' and 'killed by adults'. The failure in exposed nests was significantly larger than that of covered nests. In the breeding of Black-tailed Gulls on Hongdo Island, vegetation cover influenced the survival of eggs and chicks as the cover provided shelter against predators and extreme weather.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.198-204
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• 2021

The plant known as "Hong-do-go-deul-ppae-gi" on Hongdo Island, belonging to the genus Crepidiastrum, has been recorded as C. ×nakaii, a hybrid between C. denticulatum and C. platyphyllum. During a survey of the flora of Hongdo Island, we reexamined the taxonomic identity of "Hong-do-go-deul-ppae-gi". The morphological traits, geographical distribution, and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences of "Hong-do-go-deul-ppae-gi" were compared to related species within the genus. A morphological examination revealed that the plant was similar to C. lanceolatum in that it has subshrub stems with caudex stout, 8 inner involucrals bracts, and 10 to 12 florets. In contrast, similarities to C. denticulatum were observed in terms of radical leaves deciduous in the flowering period, cauline leaves membranous with acute serrations, and beaked achenes. Furthermore, C. denticulatum and C. lanceolatum grew on Hongdo Island and nearby areas, but C. platyphyllum was not distributed in these areas. The results of morphological and distributional investigations revealed that the Hongdo Island plant should be regarded as C. ×muratagenii, a hybrid between C. denticulatum and C. lanceolatum, not C. ×nakaii, which is a hybrid between C. denticulatum and C. platyphyllum. However, the resolution of the ITS sequences was insufficient such that we could not separate the examined species.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.201-207
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• 2006

We studied variation in clutch size, hatching, fledging and breeding success of the Black-tailed Gull (larus crassirostris) at Hongdo Island, which supported the largest breeding colony of the species, in South Korea in 1997 and 2000 to 2003. Cluck size was recorded in 1,388 nests and breeding success was estimated in 83 nests. Mean clutch size was 1.89 t 0.65. A total of 63.9% of the eggs hatched and 53.5% of the chicks survived until fledged. Breeding success was 34.2%. Causes of breeding failure were eggs missing (14.9%), rotten eggs (15.5%) and predation (2.4%) during the incubation period and chicks missing(35.8%), starvation (7.4%) and pecked chicks (3.2%) during the chick rearing period. In 2002, the main causes of breeding failure were eggs missing (17.2%) and rotten eggs (6.9%) during the incubation period and missing chicks (15.5%), starvation (3.5%) and pecked chicks (6.9%) during the chick rearing period. Most chick mortality occurred within three days after hatching.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.205-249
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• 2021

This study was carried out to survey the flora of Hongdo Island in Sinan-gun, Jeollanam-do, South Korea. Specimens collected from previous Hongdo flora studies were reexamined using a relevant biodiversity database, and field surveys were carried out 22 times from April of 2003 to October of 2020. Based on the specimens collected during both previous studies and this study, the identified vascular plants of Hongdo consisted of 472 taxa comprising 102 families, 296 genera, 425 species, 6 subspecies, and 41 varieties. Among them, 111 taxa are newly recorded in this study, and 6 taxa are described in detail in terms of their morphological characteristics and habitat. Also, 29 taxa were reviewed or re-identified with corresponding taxonomic annotations. In Korea, Hongdo represents the northern distributional limit of the 4 taxa of Goodyera biflora, Damnacanthus major, Calanthe aristulifera, and Hemerocallis hongdoensis. Moreover, Hosta yingeri and Saussurea polylepis are endemic to Hongdo and nearby islands in Korea. Distribution maps of these species were prepared. Protected species designated by the Ministry of Environment were 7 taxa consisting of 2 taxa of level I, specifically Sedirea japonica and Neofinetia falcata, and 5 taxa of level II, which were Cymbidium macrorhizon, Woodwardia japonica, Dendrobium moniliforme, Calanthe aristulifera, and Bulbophyllum inconspicuum. Red list plants as designated by the National Institute of Biological Resources numbered 11 taxa. Naturalized plants numbered 40 taxa.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.343-355
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• 2009

In order to restore the identity of sound environment and expand the sound culture of a region, the purpose of this study are to excavate the resources of soundscape and find out the plans for the preservation and promotion of soundscape resources peculiar to the region. For this purpose, this research is conducted through an interview survey of residents and an observation survey using listening walk in Hongdo, one of the southwesten island of Korea. The results of survey confirm that there are so many sounds to hear around Hongdo island, those are, natural sounds such as the song of the birds, the roar of the waves, the whistling sounds, the shriek of the seagulls, and the pebbles sounds washed away by the waves, and artificial sounds such as the steam-whistle signals, the ship's broadcasts, the voice of tourists, the sounds of church bells, lighthouse sirens etc. The results suggest that it is necessary to consider several ways for restoration of an unique soundscape in Hongdo island, those are, improvement for efficient management of a ship's broadcasts in public areas, removal of a ferry in Hongdo swimming beach, management of Dangsanje (a religious service), preservation of a lighthouse siren and a foghorn, restoration and improvement of underground stream, management and control of public fish market, restoration of brooklet, management of cooperative system for a fish market, restoration of PoongO-Gut (a ritual for a large harvest) and a skate festival, management of a Hongdo sports meeting, sound quality modification of a boat whistle, restoration of orientalia such as a funeral bier, ecosystem preservation activity of the shore and ocean, and promotion of amenity for fascination and vitality in a rural community. Also, a sound map is drawn up for many tourists so as to realize the importance of sound environment and identity of soundscape and to gain their experience at first hand in Hongdo island.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.399-405
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• 2021

Until now, five species (Meghimatium bilineatum, M. fruhstorferi, Limax flavus, L. marginatus, Deroceras reticulatum) in three genera of families Philomycidae and Limacidae have been reported in Korea. Philomycidae is a family of air-breathing land snails. Meghimatium hongdoensis sp. nov. is described based on its middle size (60-80 mm in body length), its body coloration (dark-red yellow), no dorsal with streaks, its genitalia, and 16rDNA sequence analysis. Specimens of this new species were collected from Hongdo island, Sinan-gun, Jeollanam-do, Korea. This species is only known from the type locality at Hongdo to date. It could be found in high-humidity sites. Meghimatium uniforme (Laidlaw 1937) was the first one reported in Korea. It was also collected from Gageodo island, Sinan-gun, Jeollanam-do, Korea. In this study, morphological characteristics including their radula and genital structures of these two species were described. Preliminary results of mitochondrial 16S rDNA sequencing and phylogenetic analyses indicated that these species belonged to the Korean clade.

• Proceedings of the National Institute of Ecology of the Republic of Korea
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.166-169
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to identify the natural habitat of Bulbophyllum inconspicuum Maxim. in Hongdo, Jeonnam Province, South Korea. A field investi gation was conducted between May 2019 and May 2021. The growth of B. inconspicuum species was confirmed in three known regions based on National Survey on the Distribution of Endangered Species. Additionally, in the area investigated, 37 new regions harboring B. inconspicuum were detected. The newly observed B. inconspicuum grew naturally on Quercus mongolica, Rhaphiolepis indica var. umbellata, Carpinus turczaninowii, and rocks. Most of them were found on southeast and southwest slopes with altitude above 250 m. As few as 10 up to hundreds of B. inconspicuum were found in clusters. Close to their habitat, Calanthe sieboldii Decne. ex Regel, C. aristulifera Rchb. f. and C. × kibanakirishima Maek. were also found. As Hongdo is an island, multiple endangered species were found together. Thus, once the habitat of a certain plant is discovered, it is very likely that illegal collection of several other species will also occur. Proactive internal and external measures are needed to preserve these species.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.288-293
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• 2022

A single specimen of Neoclinus nudiceps, belongs to the family Chaenopsidae, was first collected from Hongdo Island, Yellow Sea of Korea on June 13, 2012. This species is characterized by a lateral line reaching to below the 3rd~4th spines of the dorsal fin, two pairs of supraorbital cirri arranged in one row, anterior supraorbital cirri with six tips, and posterior supraorbital cirri with one tip. The species is morphologically similar to N. monogrammus, but differs in the length of lateral line (reaching 3rd~4th dorsal spines in N. nudiceps vs. reaching 6th~9th dorsal spines in N. monogrammus, respectively). This study documents the first record of N. nudiceps in Korean waters and suggests the new Korean name "Jjalb-eun-teol-bi-neul-be-do-la-chi" for the species.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.107 no.3
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• pp.245-257
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• 2018

The study was carried out to discover the forest vegetation structure in Hongdo Island, Jeonnam province. Vegetation data were collected by total of forty one quadrate plots using Z-M phytosociological method from June to August in 2017, and analyzed by vegetation classification, mean importance value and species diversity. As a result of vegetation type classification, Castanopsis sieboldii community group was classified at a top level of vegetation hierarchy. In the level of community, it was classified into Neolitsea sericea community and Carpinus turczaninowii community. N. sericea community was subdivided into Ficus erecta group(Vegetation unit 1) and Arisaema ringens group(VU 2). C. turczaninowii community was subdivided into Fraxinus sieboldiana group(VU 3) and C. turczaninowii typical group(VU 4). Therefore, it was classified into total of four vegetation units(one community group, three communities and four groups). As a result of mean importance value, Castanopsis sieboldii was the highest in VU 1, VU 2, VU 4, and C. turczaninowii in VU 4, respectively. In case of species diversity, VU 3 showed the highest among four units in species diversity index. In conclusion, the forest vegetation of Hongdo Island was classified into four units and seven species groups. Hongdo Island could be conclusively managed by community ecological approach for the units and groups. Also it was considered that a research for the succession to the evergreen broad-leaved forest should be more intensively proceeded near future.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.50-55
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• 2009

To understand the status of the migrating Oriental Honey Buzzard(Pernis ptilorhynchus) in Korea, we carried out a preliminary study on the number and local movements of the Honey Buzzard from September 2005 to October 2007 at Hongdo Island, Jeonnam Province, Korea. A total of 702 Honey Buzzards in 2005, 404 individuals in 2006, and 659 individuals in 2007 were recorded during the fall migration season, but during the spring migration season only two and eight birds were observed in 2006 and 2007 respectively. The migrating Honey Buzzard showed peak numbers from 20 September to 5 October at the study site. According to observation of arrival time of538 Honey Buzzard in October 2007, a total of 2l6 birds(40.l %) were passing over Hongdo Island between 7:00 AM to 8:00 AM, rising skyward on columns of warm air. This suggests the use of thermal currents and avoidance of nocturnal movement for crossing water. They preferred moderate winds(<5 m/s in speed) from northwest, but the migrating number apparently decreased in case of strong winds (${\geqq}5 m/s$). This suggests that wind speed and direction are important environmental factors for migration of the Oriental Honey Buzzard. At present, it is unclear which breeding population(from north-eastern China or Japan) passes over Hongdo Island. Moreover, it is difficult to prove migration route and to understand migratory behaviors of the Oriental Honey Buzzard in Korea. To prove the breeding sites and routes of the migrants over the study site, we need more detailed and further studies such as satellite tracking researches.