• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.203-214
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• 2014

In this study, a meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the effect of community-based rehabilitation on patients with brain injury by ICF factor in previous studies and examine the application of recent community-based rehabilitation program. Total 15 articles that satisfied the selection criteria were divided by ICF factors to obtain the effect size. Homogeneity and publication bias were tested for those selected papers. As a result, the overall effect size of community-based rehabilitation was 0.22; the effect size by physical function and structure among the ICF factors came to be 0.21; and the effect size of activity and participation was 0.20, indicating a small effect size. The studies involved in a meta-analysis were considered as the absence of heterogeneity and publication bias, which indicates that the results of this study are subjectively reliable. These results well explained the level of change on ICF factors, especially physical function and structure, activity and participation, in other words, the intervention effect of community-based rehabilitation on patients with brain injury.

• Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.223-239
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• 2020

It is important for urban planners and policy makers to understand complex, diverse urban demands and social structure, but this is not easy due to lack of data that represents the dynamics of residents at micro-geographical level. This paper explores how to create population data at at a micro-level by allocating population data to building. It attempted to allocate population data stored in a grid layer (100 meters by 100 meters) into a building footprint layer that represents the appearance of physical buildings. For the allocation, this paper describes a systemic approach that classifies grid cells into five prototypical patterns based on the composition of residential building types in a grid cell. This approach enhances allocation accuracy by accommodating heterogeneity of urban space rather than relying on the assumption of uniform spatial homogeneity of populations within an aerial unit. Unlike the methods that disaggregate population data to the parcel, this approach is more applicable to Asian cities where large multifamily residential parcels are common. However, it should be noted that this paper does not demonstrate the validity of the allocated population since there is a lack of the actual data available to be compared with the current estimated population. In the case of water and electricity, the data is already attached to an individual address, and hence, it can be considered to the purpose of the validation for the allocation. By doing so, it will be possible to identify innovative methods that create a population distribution dataset representing the comprehensive and dynamic nature of the population at the micro geographical level.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2020.06a
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• pp.125-125
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• 2020

European Space Agency's Sentinel-1 has an improved spatial and temporal resolution, as compared to previous satellite data such as Envisat Advanced SAR (ASAR) or Advanced Scatterometer (ASCAT). Thus, the assumption used for low-resolution retrieval algorithms used by ENVISAT ASAR or ASCAT is not applicable to Sentinel-1, because a higher degree of land surface heterogeneity should be considered for retrieval. The assumption of homogeneity over land surface is not valid any more. In this study, considering that soil roughness is one of the key parameters sensitive to soil moisture retrievals, various approaches are discussed. First, soil roughness is spatially inverted from Sentinel-1 backscattering over Yanco sites in Australia. Based upon this, Artificial Neural Networks data (feedforward multiplayer perception, MLP, Levenberg-Marquadt algorithm) are compared with Fractal approach (brownian fractal, Hurst exponent of 0.5). When using ANNs, training data are achieved from theoretical forward scattering models, Integral Equation Model (IEM). and Sentinel-1 measurements. The network is trained by 20 neurons and one hidden layer, and one input layer. On the other hand, fractal surface roughness is generated by fitting 1D power spectrum model with roughness spectra. Fractal roughness profile is produced by a stochastic process describing probability between two points, and Hurst exponent, as well as rms heights (a standard deviation of surface height). Main interest of this study is to estimate a spatial variability of roughness without the need of local measurements. This non-local approach is significant, because we operationally have to be independent from local stations, due to its few spatial coverage at the global level. More fundamentally, SAR roughness is much different from local measurements, Remote sensing data are influenced by incidence angle, large scale topography, or a mixing regime of sensors, although probe deployed in the field indicate point data. Finally, demerit and merit of these approaches will be discussed.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.109-126
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• 2006

An effective customer classification has been essential for the successful customer relationship management. The typical customer rating is carried out by the proportionally allocating the customers into classes in terms of their life time values. However, since this method does not accurately reflect the homogeneity within a class along with the heterogeneity between classes, there would be many problems incurred due to the misclassification. This paper suggests a new method of rating customer using Holistic profit technique, and validates the new method using the customer data provided by an insurance company. Holistic profit is one of the methods used for deciding the cutoff score in screening the loan application. By rating customers using the proposed techniques, insurance companies could effectively perform customer relationship management and diverse marketing activities.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.107 no.3
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• pp.305-315
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• 2018

This study conducted to estimate the influences of policy which prohibits illegal logging trade. Before analyzing of the economic effects for this policy, scenario methods were selected to inflect economic circumstance by implementing it. In order to do, the policy experiments were carried out using equilibrium displacement equation model. Results show that change ratio of log price was increased 0.066%~0.071%. Since the primary import country of log is New zealand which is high CPI score rather than Republic of Korea so that imported quantity of log was decreased thinly. Because imported log price is worked as a cost in the lumber market, if the imported log price was increased, supply of lumber has to be decreased. So that, not the change ratio of domestic lumber price was increased 0.885%~4.179% but supply of domestic lumber was increased 5.367% respectively along the goods features as a heterogeneity or homogeneity on the market.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.483-496
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to describe how Korean nurses overcome the language barrier while working in the U.S. hospital settings. Twelve Korean nurses living in New York metropolitan area were asked open-ended, descriptive questions to collect the data. The interviews were done in Korean. All interviews were audiotaped under the permission of the participants and were transcribed verbatim. The data were analyzed using grounded theory analysis. The research process consisted of two phases. In the first phase 8 Korean nurses were interviewed and analyzed. In the second phase, further data were collected to verify categories and working hypotheses that were emerged from the first phase. The results of this study show that all Korean nurses experienced severe psychological stress such as confusion, anxiety, frustration, loss of self-confidence, embarrassment, guilt, depression, anger, and fear. Among the mode of communication such as listening, speaking, leading, and writing, they had the most difficulty in speaking. Speaking ability was especially important for them because of the emphasis of individualism and self-defense in the U.S. Among the verbal communication modes, non-face-to-face communications such as phone conversation and body language were the most difficu1t for them to overcome. It took at least 2 years for the participants to initially overcome the language barrier in U.S. hospitals. After 2-5 years they began to feel comfortable even in non-face-to-face communication. They could actively search for the better place to work after 5 years. They finally felt comfortable in English and in their job almost after 10 years. The factors that influenced the English improvement were ‘the years of clinical experience in Korea’, ‘the decade they came to the U.S.’ ‘coming to U.S. alone or with other Korean nurses’, ‘racial homogeneity or heterogeneity of the working unit’, and ‘the degree of social support’. The strategies Korean nurses used to overcome the language barrier included depending on the written communication, using ‘nunchi’, working and studying hard, and establishing good interpersonal relationships with co-workers. They also employed assertive behavior of the U.S., such as using more explicit verbal language and employing smiles and eye contact with others during the conversation. The results of the study may help Korean nurses and nursing students who try to work in U.S. hospital settings by understanding problems other Korean nurses faced, factors that influenced their English improvement, and strategies they used. They may also help U.S. nurses and administrators in developing and implementing efficient programs for newly employed Korean nurses by understanding major problems and feelings the Korean nurses experienced and strategies they used to overcome the language barriers.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.321-331
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• 1997

This paper begins with the question, 'What is the life of women living in the South Korea and North Korea?'. The question is quite significant but not known well. In fact, there have been great differences between South and North-Korean societies since the partition of the Korean Peninsula. In this sense, the family life in women living in south and North Korea can not be exceptional. The task on which women in South and North Korea are currently facing is not only to overcome heterogeneity in such areas as politics, economics, and socio-cultural systems, but also to recover homogeneity we had shared for a long history before the partition. The difference in the ideology makes a difference to decide on a policy on the household work. It comes out of the socialization method of household work. In North-Korea, the collectivization of household work get a lot of accomplished in South-Korea. This made differences in the domesticity between South-Korea and North-Korea. So, the purpose of this study is to compare the domesticity in North-Korea and South-Korea to prepare for unification of North and South-Korea. To compare the family life in South-Korea and North-Korea, this study adjusts the focus of the socialization of household work. Ther is a great difference in the ideology between the two political systems. In the North korean society, in order to help women manage their 'the double role' for home and workshop, the socialization of housework strategy has been strongly recommended. But socialization of housework strategy has been proven to have a number of problems: the loss of family individuality, inhumanization of family, family's scattering, and a low quality. Therefore, this strategy has not been used widely. But, the collectivization of housework has been used widely. There are three types in the socialization of housework: the commercialism of housework(가사노동의 영리화), the collectivization of housework(가사노동의 집단화), and the public of housework(가사노동의 공공화). Otherwise, the commercialism of housework has been used widely in south korean society. Yet it is very far from North-Korean life due to a shortage of goods. As a result, the different idelogies result the different family life. The different family life is proven to the different socialization of housework. This is very significant. If the unification of North and South Korea is realized, the socialiation of housework can be used a strategies to overcome the differences of the South and the North.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.48-54
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• 2024

This study conducted a survey from April 2021 to December 2022 to investigate habitat factors affecting bird diversity in the region between Cheonwangbong Peak and Aghwibong in Baekdudaegan protected area, South Korea. Since the region has a spatial scale of 736.4 km² and is an area where a wide variety of habitats are mixed, we selected 20 survey areas of 3 km x 3 km by analysis of habitat homogeneity. As a result of analyzing the relationship between habitat environment and bird diversity in the survey area, it was found that the diversity of bird communities was directly or indirectly related to the diversity of terrestrial insects, slope, average habitat area, mean size of patches, elevation, and forest type, and distance from agricultural land. The slope of habitat, forest type, and distance from agricultural land affect the occurrence of food sources directly and indirectly, and the average area of habitats and forest type is closely related to the structural diversity of habitats. Therefore, it is determined that the diversity of bird communities is affected by the amount of food generated within the habitat and the diversity of habitats. It is determined that the relationship between bird communities and habitat environments in this surveyed region can be basic ecological data for establishing forest management measures to promote the diversity of bird communities.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.478-493
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• 2009

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the educational implications of global citizenship and regional identity in geographic education of multicultural society. Geographical education inquires into places and region on local, regional, national and global scales. Geography studies geographical representation of ethnical, cultural, political diversities of human societies. Therefore geography is a very proper subject for multicultural education. Geography has also inherent legitimacy on multicultural education in the viewpoints that space or region has valued inherent nature which is constructed by human experience, perception and response etc. Citizenship in multicultural education requests some abilities and attitudes of world citizens superior to state or nation oriented citizenship. However the education of world citizenship doesn't mean abandonment of regional identity in geographical education. Citizenship is based on geographical units which have their territories. Regional identity is the feeling of belonging as a member of a certain region, and is formed not only by race, ethnic, gender, political and social position but also by thought of nature, landscape, national identity, regional dialect, and historical context, etc. The regional identity in multicultural society means the homogeneity which includes the heterogeneity of diverse groups, and has a key which solves the conflicts of diverse groups in the region. Consequently multicultural education in geography would focus on the cultivation of regional identities which are founded on critical thinking to solve the conflicts of multicultural society. The geographic education in multicultural society would rather emphasize on region than on race or nation, and can integrate the global vision of world citizenship with the diverse viewpoint of multicultural education.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.686-702
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• 2012

This study investigated the impact of grouping methods on free inquiry implementation through the use of mixed research methods. Some 113 7th graders and 2 science teachers in two middle schools participated in this study. The 113 students who participated in this study were grouped by homogeneity and heterogeneity according to scientific inquiry skills and personality types respectively, and performed free inquiry activities on the same subject for three weeks. Data were collected by means of a test on science inquiry skills and from focus group interviews with 36 students and in-depth interviews with 2 teachers. The quantitative results of this study showed that homogeneous grouping was more effective than heterogeneous grouping in improvement of scientific inquiry skills. Meanwhile, the qualitative results revealed both the students and teachers perceived that it was effective to compose a small group according to their affective quality than their cognitive quality. Particularly, most of the students preferred the method of small group from the personality types. Some students and both teachers proposed that it is necessary to collect enough information on students and to use them in mixture with the method of small group according to the affective quality.