• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.37-43
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• 1983

식중독 원인균으로 알려져 있는 Bacillus cereus 균의 포자를 cooked rice homogenate 배지에 접종하여 pH, 식염과 솔빈산 칼륨의 농도를 변화시키면서 배양할 때 포자의 발아에 미치는 영향을 실험한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 포자의 발아범위는 pH $4.5{\sim}10.0$이었으며 발육최적 pH는 7.0 부근으로 $32^{\circ}C$에서 배양 5시간만에 $10^7/ml$에 도달하였다. 2. 식염농도 $2\%$일 때 포자의 발아는 가장 활발하였고, $5\%$ 이상에서는 농도와 비례하여 감소되었다. 이에 반하여 포자형성율은 $2\%$에서 제일 낮았고 $10\%$에서 가장 높은 값을 나타내었다. 3. 솔빈산 칼륨의 농도가 증가될수록 포자의 발아율은 감소하였고 포자형성율은 약간 증가하였다.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.375-381
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• 2005

A rapid and specific high-performance liquid chromatographic method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of prostaglandin $E_{1}\;(PGE_{1})$ and prostaglandin $E_{1}$ ethyl ester $(PGE_{1}-EE)$ in hairless mouse skin homogenate. The sample treatment procedure involved deproteination and precipitation by acetonitrile. $PGE_{1}$ and $PGE_{1}-EE$ in supernatant were separated in a reversed-phase C18 column without being interfered by other components present in hairless mouse skin homogenate. 9-Anthracenecarboxylic acid was used as an internal standard. The retention times of $PGE_{1}$, 9-anthracenecarboxylic acid and $PGE_{1}-EE$ were, 4.5, 9.5 and 18.0 min, respectively. The assay showed linearity from 1 to $40\;{\mu}g/ml$ for both $PGE_{1}$ and $PGE_{1}-EE$. Precision expressed as RSD ranged from 2.3 to 14.1 % for $PGE_{1}$ and 1.6 to 11.0% for $PGE_{1}-EE$. Accuracy ranged from 100.5 to 119.6 % for $PGE_{1}$ and from 98.0 to 103.7% for $PGE_{1}-EE$. This method was employed successfully to follow the time course of concentrations of $PGE_{1}$ and $PGE_{1}-EE$ in hairless mouse skin homogenate for stability study.

• 약학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.123-130
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• 1994

Physicochemical properties and hydrolysis kinetics of new some oral cephalosporins were examined in buttered solution and human plasma or rat liver homogenate. The test cephalosporins were 7-[(Z)-2-(2-aminothiazole-4-yl)-2- methoxyiminoacetamido]-3-[4-(2-pyridyl)piperazinyl] thiocarbonylthhiomethyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid (CEN1), 7-[(Z)-2-(2-aminoth iazole-4-yl)-2-methoxyiminoacetamido]-3-[4-(2-pyrimidyl)piperazinyl]th iocarbonylthiomethyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid (CEN2), pivaloyloxymethyl-7-[ (Z)-2-(2-aminothiazole-4-yl)-2-methoxyiminoacetamido]-3-[4-(2-pyridyl)piperazi nyl]thiocarbonylthiomethy1-3-cephem-4-carboxylate (CEN1P), and pivaloyloxymethyl-7-[(Z)-2-(2-aminothiazole-4-yl)-2-methoxyiminoacetamido]-3-[ 4-(2-pyrimidyl)piperazinyl]thiocarbonyl-thiomethyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylate (CEN2P). The partition coefficient(Ko/w) of CEN1P, CEN2P were higher than those of CEN1, CEN2. The calculated pKa values of CEN1, CEN2, CEN1P, and CEN2P were 7.09, 7.75, 4.92, and 5.39, respectively. The hydrolysis of CEN1P and CEN2P were not depend on the composition of pH of the test medium except weak alkaline buffered solution (pH 8.00). CEN1 and CEN2 were very stable in pH 6.80 and 8.00 buffer solutions. CEN1P and CEN2P were rapidly deesterified to CEN1 and CEN2 in human plasma and in rat liver homogenate. Half-lives$(t_{1/2})$ of CEN1 and CEN2 were 3.49 and 4.93 hr in human plasma, 1.47 and 1.26 hr in rat liver homogenate, respectively.

• 약학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.202-210
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• 1994

To investigate the feasibility of mucosal delivery of $[D-Ala^6]$ LHRH, a potent analogue of LHRH, enzymatic proteolysis of $[D-Ala^6]$ LHRH and inhibitory effect of medium chain fatty acid salts(MFA) were studied using rabbit mucosal homogenate. $[D-Ala^6]$ LHRH incubated in homogenates of rectal(RE), nasal(NA) and vaginal(VA) mucosa were assayed by HPLC. The degradation of $[D-Ala^6]$ LHRH followed the first order kinetics. The degradation products were found as $[D-Ala^6]$ $LHRH^{1-7}$(m-i), to a lesser extent, $[D-Ala^6]$ $LHRH^{1-9}$(m-ii) and $[D-Ala^6]$ $LHRH^{1-3}$(m-iii) by the method of amino acid analysis(PITC method). The formation of$[D-Ala^6]$ $LHRH^{1-7}$ was not inhibited by the addition of disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid but inhibited by sodium tauro-24,25-dihydrofusidate, suggesting that endopeptidase 24.11(EP 24.11) cleaves the $Leu^7-Arg^8$ bond of $[D-Ala^6]$ LHRH and is the primary $[D-Ala^6]$ LHRH degrading enzyme. The patterns of $[D-Ala^6]$ LHRH degradation indicated that EP 24.11 exists in each mucosal homogenate with the order of RE>NA>VA. MFA significantly inhibited the proteolysis of $[D-Ala^6]$ LHRH. The addition of sodium caprate(1.0%) or sodium laurate(0.5%) to the each mucosal homogenate completely protected $[D-Ala^6]$ LHRH from the degradation.

• 약학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.67-77
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• 1994

In order to investigate the feasibility of transmucosal delivery of the model peptide, LHRH, metabolism of LHRH and inhibition effect of medium chain fatty acid salts were studied in rabbit mucosal homogenate. LHRH incubated in homogenates of rectal(RE), nasal(NA) and vaginal(VA) mucosa were assayed by HPLC. Five to six degradation products of LHRH were deterted and the degradation of LHRH$(500\;{\mu}g/ml)$ followed the first order kinetics. The main degradation products were found as $LHRH^{1-5}(M-I)$, $LHRH^{1-3}(M-II)$ and $LHRH^{1-6}(M-III)$ by the method of amino acid analysis. The half-lives of LHRH in the mucosal homogenates were found to be less than 20 min at protein concentration of 2.5 mg/ml with the order of VA>NA>RE mucosal homogenate. Medium chain fatty acid salts such as sodium caprylate $(C_8)$, sodium caprate $(C_{10})$ and sodium laurate $(C_{12})$ at the concentration of $0.5%{\sim}1.0%$ inhibit the proteolysis of LHRH significantly. The addition of sodium laurate(0.5%) into the NA and VA mucosal homogenates protected LHRH completely from the degradation.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.181-187
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• 1995

The cells of Vibrio vulnificus can be induced to the viable but nonculturable (VBNC) state by natural environmental parameters. The V. vulnificus cells in the VBNC state can not be recovered by ordinary laboratory techniques. This nonculturability could often hamper development of effective processing strategies to minimize the number of V. vulnificus in seafoods. Even with V. vulnificus cells in a culturable state, the length of time required to identify the bacteria in contaminated food by phenotyphic characterization may prevent appropriate in-time responses by public health agencies to infections of the bacteria. In the present study, we used polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to develop a rapid and direct detection method for V. vulnificus in small octopus (Octopus variabilis) which is consumed as a raw food in Korea. The region targeted was a 704-base pair (bp) portion of the hemolysin gene, vvhA, of V. vulnificus. The primers designed for PCR amplification were specific for all V. vulnificus sp. tested. Several methods were examined to extract total DNA directly from V. vulnificus seeded into the octopus homogenate and the guanidine isothiocyanate (CITC) method appeared to be most effective. From the octopus homogenate seeded by V. vulnificus at an initial level of $10^2$ CFU/ml of the homogenate and then incubated for 12 h, the targeted sequence was successfully amplified by PCR and the 704-bp DNA fragment was observed by gel electrophoresis. The total completion of this assay requires less than one day.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.249-258
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• 1994

This study was carried out to investigate the inhibitory effects of vitamin E on the oxidative damage of cellular lipids and proteins in free radical reaction induced by $FeCl_3$, and ascorbic acid. In this experiment, a vitamin E treated rat group was administered with 100mg/kg body weight of $dl-{\alpha}-tocophery$ 1 acetate and an untreated rat group was administered with the same volume of corn oil. And then assays of malondialdehyde and carbonyl group in total homogenate, mitochondrial and microsomal fraction of rat liver were carried out at the scheduled time. The results obtained from this study were summarized as follows; 1. Lipid peroxidation levels in vitamin E administered rat liver cells were significantly (p<0.05) decreased at the intervals between 1 hour and 4 hours in liver homogenate, at all times except for 1 hour point in mitochondrial fraction, and also at the intervals between 0.5 hour and 3 hours in microsomal fraction compared with those of the control rat liver cell. 2. Protein oxidation levels in vitamin E administered rat liver cell were also significantly (p<0.05) decreased at the intervals between 1.5 hours and 4 hours in liver homogenate, at over 4 hours in liver mitochondrial fraction, and at the intervals between 0.5 hour and 3 hours in liver microsomal fraction compared with those of the control rat liver cells.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.79-87
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• 1997

vibrio vulnificus의 균체내독소의 특성을 파악하여 비브리오 패혈증의 발병원인 구명을 위한 자료를 제공하고자 생균과 균체파쇄액의 치사독성과 내열성 및 혈관투과성항진작용을 실험한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 환자분리균(V.vulnificus CDC B3547)과 환경분리균(V.vulnificus B57)의 독력은 차이가 없었다. 2. V.vulnificus의 균수가 $10^{7}$/ml 이상일 때 강한 치사독력이 나타났다. 3. 균체파쇄액이 독성은 80$^{\circ}$C 20분에 완전히 불활성화 되었다. 4. 균체파쇄액은 용혈성은 없었으나 세포독성은 인정되었다. 5. V.vulnificus의 새앙주에 대한 주 치사독소는 균체 내에 존해했으나 LPS와 LPprotein complex는 기존의 방법으로 분리할 수 없었다.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.424-427
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• 2005

The cleavage products formed by the autoxidation of phytofluene were evaluated in order to elucidate possible oxidation products of phytofluene in the oxidative condition. Among a number of oxidation products formed, the following five in the carbonyl compound fraction were identified: 6, 10, 14-trimethylpentadeca-3,5,9,13-tetraen-2-one, phytapentaenal, 5,9,13,17-tetramethyloctadeca-2,4,6,8,12,16-hexaenal, 5,9,13,17-tetramethyloctadeca-2,4,8,12, 16-pentaenal, 2,7,11,15,19-pentamethylicosa-2,4,6,10,14,18-hexaenal and 4,9,13,17,21-pentamethyldocosa-2,4,6,8,12,16,20-heptaenal. In addition, 4,5-didehydrogeranyl geranoic acid was formed by the autoxidation of phytofluene in liposomal suspension. The pig liver homogenate was able to convert phytapentaenal to 4,5-didehydrogeranyl geranoic acid, in a manner comparable to the conversion of all-trans-retinal to all-trans-retinoic acid. These results suggest firstly that phytofluene is cleaved into a series of long-chain and short-chain carbonyl compounds under the oxidative condition in vitro and secondly that phytapentaenal is further enzymatically converted to 4,5-didehydrogeranyl geranoic acid.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제67권1호
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• pp.14-20
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• 2009

연구배경: 방사선치료 효율의 증가와 방사선 피폭 환자의 치료에 있어 방사선으로 인한 폐 손상의 기전을 잘 파악하는 것이 무엇보다 중요한 일이다. 최근 염증성 cytokine의 활성화가 초기 방사선 폐렴뿐만 아니라 후기에 생기는 폐 섬유화에도 기여하고 있다는 보고들이 많이 나오고 있다. 저자들은 염증성 cytokine의 역할을 알아보기 위하여 방사선 후 흰 쥐의 폐와 혈청에서 이들의 변화를 관찰하였다. 방 법: 90마리의 흰 쥐 폐에 20 Gy의 방사선을 조사한 후 정해진 시간에 폐를 적출하여 병리학적 소견을 관찰하였다. 동시에 혈청과 lung homogenate에서 ELISA kit를 이용하여 염증성 cytokine의 변화를 조사하였다. 결 과: 방사선 조사 후 조직에서 염증세포의 침윤이 증가하고 시간이 지남에 따라 폐 섬유화가 생기는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. TNF-$\alpha$와 IL-1$\beta$는 4시간과 3주째 lung homogenate에서 증가하였는데 3주째 더 많이 증가하는 양상을 보여 주었다. 하지만 혈청에서의 변화는 뚜렷하지 않았다. MIP-2의 경우에는 4시간에 lung homogenate에서만 증가한 반면 HMGB1은 3주째 혈청에서만 증가하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 결 론: 방사선 조사 후 TNF-$\alpha$와 IL-1$\beta$ 등의 염증성 cytokine들이 biphasic expression하는 것을 보여 주었다. 후기 염증성 cytokine들의 증가를 효과적으로 억제할 수 있는 방법이 모색되어야 할 것으로 생각되고 이는 폐 섬유화로 진행하는 만성 합병증을 예방하는 데 기여할 것으로 판단된다.