• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제6권5호
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• pp.199-210
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• 1998

The skill that utilizes atomization of the liquid has been widely used in the field of industry and engineering. Though there are dozens of methods to make atomization, the pressure type injection nozzle is frequently used in washing of parts, pastourization and painting because it has relatively simple system. This study is to reveal the characteristics of atomizing formed by three different types of the pressure type injection nozzle. We measured velocity and diameter of droplet to compare and analyze characteristic of each nozzle. In case of velocity, atomization of hollow-cone nozzle is irregular than others and change of radial direction is especially large. Atomization of flat nozzle is nearly uniform. In case of diameter, atomization of hollow-cone nozzle is increased rapidly, as measurement point become more distant from the center of nozzle. Atomization of flat nozzle has the most fixed magnitude. Accordingly, full-cone nozzle can be used irrespective of the form of subject and hollow-cone nozzle is proper to the occasion to spray large and smooth subject. Also, flat nozzle is proper to the occasion to spray a part of subject and long groove.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.28-36
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• 2019

본 연구에서는 분사 형태(Spray pattern)가 중실원추형(Full cone) 및 중공원추형(Hollow cone)인 2유체 미립화기를 이용하여 공급 기체 및 미분무가 헵탄 풀화재(Heptane pool fire) 소화 성능에 미치는 영향을 검토하였다. 2유체 미립화기의 공급 기체로 30 lpm (Liter per minute; L/min)의 공기 또는 질소를 이용하였으며, 물을 공급하지 않은 경우(즉, 공기 또는 질소만 분사한 경우)와 물 0.085 lpm을 공급한 경우(즉, 미분무와 공급 기체를 함께 분사한 경우)에 대해 실험을 수행하였다. 실험 결과, 공급 기체만 분사한 경우보다 미분무와 공급 기체를 함께 분사한 경우에, 그리고 중공원추형인 경우보다 중실원추형인 경우에 빠르게 화재 소화 가능함을 확인하였다. 또한, 중실원추형의 경우, 미분무와 공급 기체 함께 분사 시 화재 소화 성능에 미분무의 영향은 지배적이었으나 공급 기체의 영향은 미비한 것으로 관찰되었다. 반면, 중공원추형의 경우, 중실원추형과 달리 미분무와 공급 기체 함께 분사 시 공급 기체로 질소를 공급한 경우가 공기를 공급한 경우에 비해 평균 화재 소화 시간이 확연하게 짧아지는 것으로 측정되었고, 이를 통해 미분무 뿐 아니라 공급 기체도 화재 소화 성능에 지대한 영향을 미칠 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.43-52
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• 2000

Numerical simulation of steady, non-evaporating hollow-cone sprays interacting with concentric annular air jets is performed using the discrete stochastic particle method in KIVA. The spray characteristics such as SMD, mean droplet velocity, liquid volume flux, air/liquid mass ratio, and droplet number density arc obtained and compared with the measurements involving different air flow rates in large and small annuli. Overall satisfactory agreement is achieved between calculation and experiment except for the deviation in the downstream SMD arising from uncertainty in the size distribution function at injection, and inaccuracy in the averaged spray parameters due to the small volumes of axisymmetric 2-D sector meshes close to the axis.

• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국추진공학회 2011년도 제36회 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.57-60
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• 2011

GCSC 분사기의 리세스 길이와 기체/액체의 운동량 플럭스 비(MFR) 변화에 따른 분무 특성을 고압 챔버를 이용한 고압수류시험을 통해 알아보았다. 물과 질소를 사용하였고, back-lit strobe imaging 기법을 이용하여 분무형상을 촬영하였다. 시험결과 MFR이 작을 때(액체 유속 고정)는 분무각이 큰 hollow cone 형상을 보이고, MFR이 증가함에 따라 분무각이 작은 solid cone 형상의 분무를 보였다. 또한 리세스가 짧은 분사기일수록 더 큰 MFR에서 solid cone 형상의 분무를 보였다.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.313-322
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• 1995

This study was conducted to find the design factors of spraying device of the boom sprayer for low volume application. Specific objectives of this study were 1) to select proper nozzles for broadcast spraying and row crop spraying by the nozzle spray characterisic experiment, and 2) to investigate the coverage characteristic of rice plant at the row crop spraying. The results of this study are summarized as follows. (1) From the tested results on the droplet diameter spectrum and spray pattern the standard flat-fan nozzle and drift guard nozzle were judged as appropriate for the broadcasting. Even flat-fan nozzle showed similar span values to standard flat-fan nozzles and drift guard nozzle : however, the nozzles were found to be inappropriate for broadcasting because of their spray pattern. Hollow cone nozzle showed relatively small span values and uniform spray pattern. (2) For the upper and lower sides of the rice plants, coverage rates of even flat-fan nozzles and hollow cone nozzles were maximum at the second row, but decreased rapidly after the third row. For the middle side of the rice plants, coverage rates of them were maximum at the first row, but decreased rapidly. When one nozzle was tested, C.V. values were in the range of 90~160% and 60~160% on entire heights of rice plant for even flat-fan nozzles and hollow cone nozzles respectively. C.V. values at other parts were poor. Spray coverage rate at the middle part was improved by overlapping the nozzles whereas there was little difference on the upper and lower part of rice plants. (3) For spraying lower part of rice plant between rows, even flat-fan nozzles and hollow cone nozzle were judged as appropriate, but in order to ensure the uniform coverage, distance between nozzles, recommended to be less than 90cm.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.83-90
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• 2024

Understanding the fundamental characteristics of supersonic hydrogen jets is important for the optimization of combustion in hydrogen engines. Previous studies have used helium as a surrogate gas to characterize the hydrogen jet characteristics due to potential explosion risks of hydrogen. It was based on the similarity of hydrogen and helium jet structures in supersonic conditions that has been confirmed using hole-type injectors and large-cone-angle pintle-type injectors. However, the validity of using helium as a surrogate gas has not been examined for recent small-cone-angle pintle-type injectors applied to direct-injection hydrogen engines, which form a supersonic hollow cone near the nozzle and experience the jet collapse downstream. Differences in the physical properties of hydrogen and helium could alter the jet development characteristics that need to be investigated and understood. This study compares supersonic jet structures of hydrogen and helium injected by a small-cone-angle (50°) pintle-type hydrogen injector and discusses their differences and related mechanisms. Jet penetration length and dispersion angle are measured using the Schlieren imaging method under engine-like injection conditions. As a result, the penetration length of hydrogen and helium jets showed a slight difference of less than 5%, and the dispersion angle showed a maximum of 10% difference according to the injection condition.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회B
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• pp.3467-3472
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• 2007

The effects of the wall geometry on the spray-wall impingement process of a hollow-cone fuel spray emerging from a high-pressure swirl injector of the Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) engine were investigated by means of a numerical method. The ized Instability Sheet Atomization (LISA) & Aerodynamically Progressed Taylor Analogy Breakup (APTAB) model for spray atomization process and the Gosman model were applied to model the atomization and wall impingement process of the spray. The calculation results of spray characteristics, such as a spray development process and a radial distance after wall impingement, compared with the experimental ones by the Laser Induced Exciplex Fluorescence (LIEF) technique. It was found that the radial distance of the cavity angle of 90$^{circ]$ after wall impingement was the shortest and the ring shaped vortex was generated near the wall after spray-wall impingement process.

• 한국연소학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.44-51
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• 2002

This paper presents an atomization model for sprays under flash boiling conditions. The atomization is represented by the secondary breakup of a bubble/droplet system, and the breakup is considered as the results of two competing mechanisms, aerodynamic force and bubble growth. The model was applied to predict the atomization of a hollow-cone spray from pintle injector under flash boiling conditions. In the regimes this study considered, sprays are atomized by bubble growth, which produces smaller SMD#s than aerodynamic forces alone. With decreasing ambient pressures, the spray thickness, fuel vaporization rate and vapor radial penetration increases, and the drop size decreases. With increasing the fuel and ambient temperatures to some extent, the effect of flash boiling and air entrainment completely change the spray pattern.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.116-121
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• 2017

Pre-combustion chamber type indirect diesel engines have different combustion characteristics compared with those of common rail direct injection engine. The CONVERGE, specific engine CFD program, was used to simulate hollow cone spray model and combustion. The air-fuel mixture flow propagating from pre-combustion chamber to cylinder was concentrated at top half and center of the pre-combustion chamber throat. Stronger mixture flow was formed at smaller and longer throat cases. As a result, thermal efficiency and fuel consumption were improved for modified throat shape and the soot emission was also reduced.

• 한국유체기계학회 논문집
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.14-21
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• 2006

In general, the hollow jet valve, the fixed cone valve had been used for the urgency released or maintenance of the flow rate. Nowadays, the butterfly valve, the gate valve are applied in economic performance and operation maintenance more than the hollow jet valve, the fixed cone valve. However, in the case of butterfly valve, it should be required the strict application standard to the cavitation coefficient because the structural axis and disk were situated in pipe channel and the occurring the shock problem by Karman Vortex. Therefore, there were investigated the valve cavitation and accident investigation by field survey to establish the applicable extensibility of the urgency released valve as the preliminary study.