• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제28권8호
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• pp.1221-1228
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• 2004

The vertical roller mill is the important machine grinding and mixing various crude materials in the manufacturing process of portland cement. Table liner is one of grinding elements of vertical roller mill and is subjected to the cyclic bending stress by rollers load and the centrifugal force by rotation of table. It demands $4{\times}10^7$ cycle but has $4{\times}10^6{\sim}8{\times}10^6$ cycle. It fractures at the edge of grinding path of outside roller. The repair expense for it amounts to $30\%$ of total maintenance of vertical roller mill. Therefore, this study shows the fracture mechanism of table liner for vertical roller mill using HDM and fatigue analysis and makes the estimation for safety of vertical roller mill.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2008년도 추계학술대회A
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• pp.534-537
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• 2008

In recent years, the dissimilar metal, Alloy 82/182 welds used to connect stainless steel piping and low alloy steel or carbon steel components in nuclear reactor piping system have experienced cracking due to primary water stress corrosion(PWSCC). It is well known that one reason of the cracking is the residual stress by the weld. But, it is difficult to estimate exactly weld residual stress due to many parameters of welding. In this paper, the analysis of 3 FEM models made by ABAQUS Code is performed to estimate exactly the weld residual stress on the dissimilar metal weld. 3 FEM models are Butt model, Repair model and Overlay model and are the plane.strain 2D model. The thermal analysis and the stress analysis are performed on each model and the residual stresses on each model were calculated and compared respectively. Also, the specimen of Butt model was made and the residual stresses were measured by X-Ray method and Hole Drilling Technique. These results were compared with the FEM result of Butt model.

• 열처리공학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.27-32
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• 1989

The effect of quenchant temperature on the surface residual stress was studied for AISI 8620 steel. Specimens were carburized at $900^{\circ}C$ in all case type furnace using a gas-base atmosphere of methanol cracked and liquefied petroleum gas, and then subjected to single reheat quenchant in oil or salt bath in the temperature range of $60^{\circ}C$ to $300^{\circ}C$. After carburizing and reheat Quenching, residual stress was measured by the hole drilling method. Experimental results showed that the surface residual stress was increased as the quenchant temperature was raised. This is in contrast to the fact that the formation of phase of low transformation strain such as bainite results in lower surface compressive stress. The greater compressive stress observed in specimens Quenched at higher temperature may be attributed to the shifting of the transformation start point farther from the surface, as was reported in other carburizing steels.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.139-146
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• 2002

As the bentonite is main material to prevent from collapse of drilling hole at underground excavation works, it is increased using quantity on construction industry day by day. But, the discarded bentonite that is over using at underground excavation works is caused various environmental trouble as soil and water pollution est. This study aims to propose a foundamental report for pozzolan reaction of discarded Bentonite powder by heat-treatment and cooling as concrete mineral admixture. To find out pozzolan reaction ability of discarded Bentonite powder by indirect cooling & cooling using of water after heat-treatment, the experiments are excuted Phenolphtalein test, setting test, pH test and the analysis by X-ray diffractor. As a result of this study, discarded Bentonite powder can be utilized as concrete mineral admixture by heat-treatment and especially, pozzolan reaction ability of discarded Bentonite powder is superior to the situation of 50$0^{\circ}C$~$700^{\circ}C$, 60min.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.56-63
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• 2011

his paper aimed to understand the residual stress in the dissimilar metal welds of nuclear power plant. Two kinds of residual stress were considered, which caused by welding and machining. Residual stress due to mechanical machining was measured by hole-drilling technique and x-ray diffraction method for the SA508 and F316L. Weld residual stress at dissimilar metal weld between SA508 and F316L was evaluated by FEA. Residual stress profiles were obtained for the inside surface and through thickness of welds. Machining effect was also analyzed by FEA. According to the residual stress measurement, it was observed that mechanical machining can generate tensile stress on the surface of the test material. However, FEA results showed that mechanical machining did not increase the tensile stress on the surface of weld region. Further study with more elaborate measurement and numerical analysis is required to identify the effect of machining on residual stress in the dissimilar metal weld region.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.23-29
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• 2013

In this paper, pure $I_{ph}$ and hybrid carbon nanotube reinforced $I_{ph}$ were sintered using the SPS(spark plasma sintering) method for high densification. A nanosecond laser (${\lambda}=1063nm$, ${\tau}P=10ns$) and a femtosecond laser (${\lambda}=1027nm$, ${\tau}P=380fs$) were installed on an optical system for the micromachining test. The ablation characteristics of the pure $I_{ph}$ and CNT/$I_{ph}$ composites, such as thermal effect and ablation depth, were investigated using FE-SEM and a confocal microscope device. Laser machining results for the two mating materials showed improved performances: CNT/$I_{ph}$ composites showed good surface morphology of hole drilling without a melting zone due to the composites' high thermal properties; also, the ablated depth of CNT/$I_{ph}$ was higher than that of pure $I_{ph}$.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.55-64
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• 1998

본 연구에서는 구멍뚫기 기법을 사용하여 여러 입열량과 두께대 직경을 가진 원통에서 원주용접에 의해 발생되는 잔류응력과 용접변형을 측정하였다. 그 결과, 입열량과 원통 두께대 직경이 커짐에 따라 축 및 원주 잔류응력은 커지게 됨을 확인하였으며 이것은 Fujita 등의 결과와 잘 일치하였다. 원통 원주용접 시의 지배 파라메터인 입열량과 두께 대 직경비는 축 및 원주방향의 잔류응력과 용접변형의 분포 및 크기에 영향을 미치고 있음을 확인하였으며, 다중회귀분석법을 적용하여 실험결과의 범위내에 있는 원주용접된 원통에 대한 잔류응력과 용접변형을 예측할 수 있는 근사식을 도출하였다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제51권5호
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• pp.1451-1469
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• 2019

This paper proposes a residual stress mitigation of a nuclear safety-related austenitic stainless steel TP304 pipe bended by local induction heating process via performing elastic-plastic finite element analysis. Residual stress distributions of the pipe bend were calculated by performing finite element analysis. Validity of the finite element analysis procedure was verified via comparing with temperature histories measured by using thermocouples, ultrasonic thickness measurement results, and residual stress measurement results by a hole-drilling method. Parametric finite element stress analysis was performed to investigate effects of the process and geometric shape variables on the residual stresses on inner surfaces of the pipe by applying the verified procedure. As a result of the parametric analysis, it was found that it is difficult to considerably reduce the inner surface residual stresses by changing the existing process and geometric shape variables. So, in order to mitigate the residual stresses, effect of an additional process such as cooling after the bending on the residual stresses was investigated. Finally, it was identified that the additional heating after the bending can significantly reduce the residual stresses while other variables have insignificant effect.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.41-49
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• 2004

본 연구에서는 네일 삽입을 위한 천공작업 후, 공벽유지가 어려운 사질토 지반에 비교적 유리하게 적용할 수 있는 자천공방식의 스파이럴 파이프 네일링(SPN, Spiral Pipe Nailing) 시스템을 소개하고, 네일의 인장력 및 강성을 고려하여 안정성 평가를 하기위해 길이비($R_L$) 및 정착비($R_B$)를 다양하게 변화시켜가면서 간편시행쐐기법을 이용하여 한계평형해석을 수행하였다. 또한 FDM 수치해석 프로그램인 $FLAC^{2D}$ Ver. 3.30 프로그램을 사용하여, SPN 시스템 및 일반 쏘일네일링(GSN, General Soil Nailing) 시스템을 비교 평가하였다. 아울러 천공방법과 비트장착 등 SPN 시스템의 설계와 관련된 여러 인자에 대한 효과를 평가하기 위해, 6회의 변위제어방식 현장인발시험을 수행하였으며, 이를 토대로 SPN 시스템의 단기 인발거동특성을 평가해 보았다. 그 결과 SPN 시스템의 경우, GSN 시스템에 비해 강성, 인장강도 및 단위주면마찰력이 크게 발휘되므로, 전체안정성 측면에서 GSN 시스템에 비해 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 또한 강성을 고려한 간편시행쐐기법의 안정해석 결과를 살펴보면, 상용 한계평형해석 프로그램인 TALREN 97 프로그램의 안정해석 결과와 유사한 것으로 나타났다. 아울러 $FLAC^{2D}$ Ver. 3.30 프로그램 수치해석 결과를 살펴보면, SPN 시스템에서 유발되는 횡방향 변위의 경우, GSN 시스템에 비해, 10% 정도 감소하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2002년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.303-310
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• 2002

Overbreak occurred inevitably in a tunnel excavation, Is the main factor for increasing cost and time in tunnel projects. Furthermore the damage to the remained rock mass related to the overbreak can give rise to a serious safety problem in tunnels. As a rule of thumb, causes for the overbreak are inaccuracy in drilling, the wrong design of blasting and selection of explosives, and heterogeneity in rock mass. Specially, the geological features of the rock mass around periphery of an excavation are very important factors, so a lot of researches have been conducted to describe these phenomena. But the quantitative geological classification of the rock mass for the overbreak and the method for decreasing the amount of the overbreak have not been established. Besides, the technical improvement of the charge method is requested as explosives for the smooth blasting have not functioned efficiently. In this study, the working face around periphery of an excavation has been continuously sectionalized to 5∼6 parts, and the new Blastability Index for the overbreak based on 6 factors of RMD(Rock Mass Description), UCS(Uniaxial Compressive Strength) JPS(Joint Plane Spacing), JPO(Joint Plane Orientation), JPA(Joint Plane Aperture) and FM(Filling Material) is proposed to classify sections of the working face. On the basis of this classification, the distance between contour holes and the charging density are determined to minimize the overbreak. For controlling the charging density and improving the function of explosives, the New Deck Charge(N.D.C) method utilizing the deck charge method and detonation transmission in hole has been developed.