• Journal of Communications and Networks
• /
• 제11권4호
• /
• pp.327-336
• /
• 2009

Geographic routing has been considered as an attractive approach in wireless sensor networks, since it routes data packets by using location information rather than global topology information. In geographic routing schemes, packets are usually sent along the boundary of a hole by face routing to detour the hole. As result, all data flows which need to detour the hole are concentrated on the boundary of the hole. This hole detour scheme results in much more energy consumption for nodes at the hole boundary, and the energy exhaustion of hole boundary nodes enlarges the holes. This is referred to as a hole diffusion problem. The perimeter mode may also lead to data collisions on the hole boundary nodes if multiple data flows need to bypass a hole simultaneously. In this paper, we propose a hole modeling and detour scheme for geographic routing in wire-less sensor networks. Our hole modeling and detour scheme can efficiently prevent hole diffusion, avoid the local minimum problem faced by geographic routing protocols, and reduce data collisions on the hole boundary nodes. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme is superior to the other protocols in terms of control overhead, average delivery delay and energy consumption.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제9권3호
• /
• pp.1023-1033
• /
• 2014

In this paper, performance improved hole-filling algorithm which includes the boundary noise removing pre-process that can be used for an arbitrary virtual view synthesis has been proposed. Boundary noise occurs due to the boundary mismatch between depth and texture images during the 3D warping process and it usually causes unusual defects in a generated virtual view. Common-hole is impossible to recover by using only a given original view as a reference and most of the conventional algorithms generate unnatural views that include constrained parts of the texture. To remove the boundary noise, we first find occlusion regions and expand these regions to the common-hole region in the synthesized view. Then, we fill the common-hole using the spiral weighted average algorithm and the gradient searching algorithm. The spiral weighted average algorithm keeps the boundary of each object well by using depth information and the gradient searching algorithm preserves the details. We tried to combine strong points of both the spiral weighted average algorithm and the gradient searching algorithm. We also tried to reduce the flickering defect that exists around the filled common-hole region by using a probability mask. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm performs much better than the conventional algorithms.

• 한국초전도ㆍ저온공학회논문지
• /
• 제20권3호
• /
• pp.5-10
• /
• 2018

This study presents that various grain boundary junctions are prepared by controlling the seed orientation combined with an artificial hole in a melt process REBCO bulk superconductor. Large grain YBCO superconductors have been fabricated with various grain boundary junctions that the angle between the grain boundary and the <001> axis of Y123 crystal is $0^{\circ}$, $30^{\circ}$ and $45^{\circ}$, respectively. The presence of the artificial hole is beneficial for the formation of clean grain boundary junction and single peak trapped magnetic field profiles have been obtained. Artificial hole makes two growth fronts meet at a point on a periphery of the artificial hole. The presence of artificial hole is not likely to affect on the distribution of Y211 particles. The newly formed <110> facet lines are explained by the formation of new Y123/liquid interface with (010) crystallographic plane.

• 대한조선학회지
• /
• 제3권1호
• /
• pp.11-18
• /
• 1966

In a polarized light field, triangular plate bracket specimen of CR-39 with lightening hole were subjected to tension. The variables of the models used in the experiment were taken in the range of length-depth $ratio=0.583{\sim}1.715$, eccentricity of lightening hole from the geometrical center of $bracket=-1/4"{\sim}+1/4"$, and the lightening hole $diameter=1/2"{\sim}2"$. The isoclinics were drawn and from those the stress trajectories were constructed. Then the distributions of boundary stress around the lightening holes were determined from the isochromatic fringe pattern. The conclusions reached in this investigation are as follows: 1. Maximum stresses of the hole boundary are gradually increased when the diameter of the lightning hole increase. 2. Maximum stresses of the lightning hole boundary are decreased gradually when the eccentricity of the lightning hole from the geometrical center of the bracket to the farther side from the free end. 3. If the minimum distances from the free end of the brackets to the lightening hole boundaries are equal, the variation of the maximum stresses are in a small range for the change of lightening hole diameter and its location. 4. When the length-depth ratios are smaller than 0.8, the maximum stresses increase steeply. In the range of $0.8{\sim}1.2$ maximum stresses increase gradually and thereafter increase rapidly when the length-depth ratio of the bracket increase for the same diameter of a lightening hole.

• 한국통신학회논문지
• /
• 제37권8A호
• /
• pp.679-688
• /
• 2012

본 논문에서는 3D 워핑(warping) 기법을 이용하여 가상시점 영상생성 시 화질 개선을 위하여 경계 잡음(boundary noise)을 제거하고 홀(hole) 채움을 하는 새로운 기법을 제안한다. 경계 잡음은 가상시점 영상 합성 시기준 시점 영상과 깊이 영상 내 객체의 경계 불일치로 발생되며 홀은 기준시점 영상에서 보상할 수 없는 가려짐 영역(occlusion)으로 정의된다. 제안하는 기법에서는 경계 잡음 제거를 위해 먼저 배경 화소들의 평균과 절대 값 비교를 통해 경계 잡음에 해당되는 화소를 검출하고 검출된 화소를 홀 영역으로 확장한다. 경계 잡음 영역이 포함된 확장된 홀 영역은 나선형 가중 평균(spiral weighted average) 기법과 기울기 탐색(gradient searching) 기법을 혼용하여 채우게 된다. 나선형 가중 평균 기법은 깊이 정보를 사용함으로 객체 정보를 최소로 사용하지만 결과 영상이 번지는 단점이 있다. 기울기 탐색 기법은 영상의 기울기를 이용하여 세밀한 부분을 보존할 수 있는 장점이 있다. 따라서 각각의 결과를 ${\alpha}$ 가중치로 조합하여 생성된 가상 시점은 두 기법의 장점을 동시에 적용하기 때문에 좋은 화질을 얻을 수 있다. 실험을 통해 제안하는 기법의 성능이 기존의 다른 기법보다 우수하다는 것을 확인하였다.

• International Journal of CAD/CAM
• /
• 제7권1호
• /
• pp.11-20
• /
• 2007

A topology optimization methodology, named "smooth boundary topology optimization," is proposed to overcome the shortcomings of cell-based methods. Material boundary is represented by B-spline curves and their control points are considered as design variables. The design is improved by either creating a hole or moving control points. To determine which is more beneficial, a selection criterion is defined. Once determined to create a hole, it is represented by a new B-spline and recognized as a new boundary. Because the proposed method deals with the control points of B-spline as design variables, their total number is much smaller than cell-based methods and it ensures smooth boundaries. Differences between our method and level set method are also discussed. It is shown that our method is a natural way of obtaining smooth boundary topology design effectively combining computer graphics technique and design sensitivity analysis.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
• /
• 제25권3호
• /
• pp.353-361
• /
• 2001

Recently the boundary element method has been developed swiftly. The boundary element method is an efficient and accurate means for analysis of two dimensional elastic crack problems. This paper is concerned with the evaluation and the prediction of the stress intensity factor(SIF) for the crack emanating from the circular hole using boundary element method-neural network. The SIF of the crack emanating from the hole was calculated by using boundary element method. Neural network is used to evaluate and to predict SIF from the results of boundary element method. The organized neural network system (structure of four processing element) was learned with the accuracy 99%. The learned neural network system could be evaluated and predicted with the accuracy of 83.3% and 71.4% (in cases of SIF and virtual SIF). Thus the proposed boundary element method-neural network is very useful to estimate the SIF.

• 한국생산제조학회지
• /
• 제4권4호
• /
• pp.33-41
• /
• 1995

This study includes thermal plasticity analyses for a turbine rotor with the simple geometry and the boundary conditions. When centrifugal or thermal stress are applied at the high temperature material of engine blade, stress distributions I material ($\sigma$${\gamma}$${\gamma}$, $\sigma$$\theta$$\theta$, $\tau$${\gamma}$$\theta$, Mises stress) are analyzed by computer simulation(ABQUS) as followings; 1. The maximum stress at the radial direction() is applied at the upper middle part of spline hole. 2. The maximum stress at the tangential direction() is applied at the upper right boundary of spline hole. 3. The maximum shear stress () in () direction is applied at the upper middle part of spline hole. 4. The maximum Mises stress is applied at the upper right boundary of spline hole. This stress is due to the critical stress by which rotor can be fractured according to elapsed time.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
• /
• 제24권3호
• /
• pp.431-439
• /
• 2021

Since the sensor nodes are randomly arranged in the region of interest, it may happen that the sensor network area is separated or there is no sensor node in some area. In addition, after the sensor nodes are deployed in the sensor network, a coverage hole may occur due to the exhaustion of energy or physical destruction of the sensor nodes. The coverage hole can greatly affect the overall performance of the sensor network, such as reducing the data reliability of the sensor network, changing the network topology, disconnecting the data link, and worsening the transmission load. Therefore, sensor network coverage hole recovery has been studied. Existing coverage hole recovery studies present very complex geometric methods and procedures in the two-step process of finding a coverage hole and recovering a coverage hole. This study proposes a method for discovering and recovering a coverage hole in a sensor network, discovering that the sensor node is a boundary node by itself, and determining the location of a mobile node to be added. The proposed method is expected to have better efficiency in terms of complexity and message transmission compared to previous methods.

• 수산해양기술연구
• /
• 제19권1호
• /
• pp.51-56
• /
• 1983

경계요소법에 의하여 U자형 홈(groove)을 가진 평판이 측면 분포하중을 받을 때 끝부에 위치할 원형 Hole의 최적 위치의 해석을 행하고 동일한 모델(model)에 대하여 실험결과를 비교하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻게 되었다. 1. 원형 Hole이 U자형 홈(groove)에 가까이 접근하게 됨에 따라 초기의 원형 Hole은 c.-c.선에 수직방향이 그 장축이 되는 타원형으로 변화됨을 알 수 있다. 2. 원형 Hole이 U-groove에 접근함에 따라 Hole 과 Groove 사이의 Neck부는 그 횡단면응력이 인장 및 압축이 동시에 존재하다가 점점 전체가 인장역이 됨을 알 수 있다. 3. 원형 Hole이 Groove에 접근함에 따라 판재경계와 Hole 사이의 목(neck)부분은 계속적인 압축상태를 유지한다. 4. U-groove쪽의 Neck area의 응력분포는 그 최대응력치가 Hole로 접근함에 따라 가속적으로 증가하고 Hole의 찌그러짐(distortion)의 방지를 위한 Hole의 최적중심의 위치는 Neck부의 Hole 측면의 압축응력치가 0이 되지 않는 범위가 한계임을 알 수 있다.