• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.1151-1156
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• 2011

인수합병(LBO)을 실행한 기업중 외부차입이 큰 경우에는, 일정기간 후에 인수비용을 충당하기 위해 차입한 막대한 자금을 상환하기 위해 일반 기업공모나 제3자 기업매각을 시도할 수 있다. 일반 기업공모는 소유지분 공개를 통한 공기업으로의 전환이고, 제3자 기업매각은 소유구조상 사기업 형태의 지속을 의미한다. 따라서 외부차입에 의한 인수합병 기업의 소유구조 선택은 최초공모주(IPO) 발행을 통한 공기업으로의 전환인가 또는 제3자 기업매각을 통한 사기업 형태의 유지인가에 대한 의사결정의 문제이다. 국내에서는 외부차입에 의한 인수합병(LBO) 사례가 매우 적다. 그러나 해외에서는 외부차입에 의한 인수합병(LBO) 거래가 폭발적으로 증가하여 오고 있고, 이러한 거래가 금융시장에 미치는 영향 또한 지대하다. 본 연구는 미국의 기업자료를 대상으로 기업의 경영자가 외부차입을 통한 인수합병을 실행한 기업의 소유구조 선택에 어떠한 요인들이 영향을 미치는가를 분석하였다. 연구결과, 인수합병의 규모, 호황 불황 등 시장 상황 등이 차입을 통해 인수합병을 실행한 LBO 기업이 계속 사기업 형태로 유지할지 또는 기업공개를 시도하여 공기업으로 전환할지 하는 소유구조의 선택 의사결정에 중대한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.116-123
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• 2023

In supply chain, most partners except the top level suppliers have inbound and outbound logistics. For example, toll manufacturing companies get unprocessed materials from a requesting company and send the processed materials back to the company after toll processing. Accordingly, those companies have inbound and outbound transportation costs in their total logistics costs. For many cases, the company may make the schedule of distributions by considering only the due delivery dates. However, the inbound and outbound transportation costs could significantly affect the total logistics costs. Thus, this paper considers the inbound and outbound transportation costs to find the optimal distribution plans. In addition, we have considered the inventory holding costs as well with transportation costs. From the experimental results, we have provided the optimal strategies for the distributions of replenishment as well as deliveries.

• 한국항해학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.1-14
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• 1998

There are three basic modes of operation of ships: liner, tramp and industrial operations. Industrial operations, where the owner of the cargo, i.e. the industrial carrier controls the ships, abound in the shipment of bulk commodities, such as oil, chemicals and ores. Industrial carriers strive to minimize the shipping cost of their cargoes. This paper is concerned with the operational optimization problem of a fleet owned by major international oil company. The major oil company is a holding corporation for a group of oil producing, transporting, refining, and marketing companies located in various countries throughout the world. The operational optimization problem of the fleet is divided into two-phases. The front end corresponds to the optimization of transporting crude oil, product mix, and the distribution of product oil to meet market demand. The back end tackles the operational optimization problem of the fleet to meet the transportation demand derived from the front end. A case study is carried out with the H major oil company problem composed by reflecting the practices of an international major oil company. The results are summarized and examined in the point of optimization for the total operation of the H major oil company and the operational optimization problem of the fleet. The paper concludes with the remark that the results of the study might be useful and applicable in practices of these related decision problems.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권10호
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• pp.803-810
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• 2020

This objective of this study is to enrich the literature by the debt ratio and enterprise performance of Joint stock companies of Vietnam National Coal and Mineral Industries Holding Corporation Limited (Vinacomin). The debt ratio is an important index of capital structure, and it influences and decides the enterprise performance. Therefore, the determination of reasonable debt ratio level is beneficial to the stable operation of Vinacomin's enterprises. Based on the research conclusion about the effect on capital structure of debt ratio from domestic and foreign scholar, collecting data from 2014-2018 of Vinacomin's enterprises as a research sample, the article conducts research on the relationship between debt ratio and business performance of Vinacomin, as measured by return on total Assets. In addition, the study uses free cash flow, company size, growth opportunity, investment opportunities, operating costs to sales ratio as control variables.The study shows the debt ratio of Joint stock companies of Vietnam National Coal and Mineral Industries Holding Corporation Limited has a negative effect on the enterprise performance. Furthermore, the research results of the article are references for Vinacomin' enterprises in the course of production and business activities, determining a reasonable debt ratio, and improving the operational performance of enterprises.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제59권1호
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• pp.35-43
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• 2023

Sensory evaluation of shucking pressure, pressure holding time, seeding method, difference in full shucking rate in the aquaculture area and shucking oyster was performed using an ultra-high pressure oyster shucking machine. The reaching time for each target pressure is 2.2-2.4 MPa/sec in the range of 180 MPa to 240 MPa. had a rate of pressure rise. There was a difference of 0.5-1.7℃ in the range of 24-27℃ in the seawater temperature before and after the pressure treatment inside the pressure vessel, but there was no specific increase or decrease in seawater temperature. When only the shucking pressure is increased without the pressure holding time, the critical shucking pressure at which the oyster shell is opened and the flesh is peeled in the range of 200 to 220 MPa. When the critical shucking pressure is reached, the oyster sample in the closed vessel is expected to be shucked by about 40%. If there is no pressure holding time when judged only by full shucking, an increase in pressure of about 1.5 MPa is required to further shuck 3% of the oyster population. The oyster samples cultivated in the south coast of Korea were subject to full shucking under the conditions of 220 MPa shucking pressure and two minutes (120 seconds) of pressure holding time, and the difference in the pressure of the oysters according to the oyster seeding method and the farming area was minute. Finally, the condition of 220 MPa of shucking pressure and three minutes of pressure holding time was the best at 1.52 when the result of the sensory evaluation performed manually was set to 1.0. Next was 1.4 under the conditions of 220 MPa of shucking pressure and one minute of pressure holding time (60 seconds), and 1.3 under the condition of 220 MPa and two minutes of pressure holding time (120 seconds). Therefore, it is considered that the most desirable shucking conditions, considering the efficiency and sensory evaluation results, are the conditions of 220 MPa shucking pressure and two to three minutes of pressure holding time.

• 대한산업공학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.66-72
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• 2000

Inventory management of a product not to be produced any more has a great impact on the financial status of a company. Clearance pricing can make bigger sales volume together with great savings of inventory holding cost specially for a durable goods with relatively large inventory carrying cost and accordingly cash inflow can be improved. This paper deals with the inventory management by non-linear clearance pricing with the sales rate which depends on the accumulated sales volume and selling price.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.105-120
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• 2022

Objectives: This study evaluated nutritional quality of convenience store meal boxes according to store company and meal price. Methods: In May 2020, 71 meal boxes from five major convenience store companies were collected. Respective weights of all dishes and food ingredients included in each meal box were measured with a digital scale. Information on nutritional contents was collected from nutrition fact panels on packages. Food group patterns, dietary diversity scores (DDS), and dietary variety scores (DVS) were analyzed. Nutritional contents, i.e., amounts of energy, protein, and sodium, and percentages of energy from carbohydrate, sugar, fat, and saturated fat were compared with respective standards based on the 2020 Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans. Comparison was made among five companies (Company A, B, C, D, E) and three price groups (≦ 4,200 won, ≧ 4,300 and ≦ 4,500 won, ≧ 4,600 won). Multiple regression analyses were conducted to examine the difference of nutritional contents according to company and price, respectively while holding the other variable constant. Results: DDS, but not DVS, significantly differed among companies. The percentages of meal boxes meeting the nutritional standards of sodium significantly differed among companies; the percentage was highest in companies B (75.0%) and C (73.3%). "Company" was associated with amount of energy, protein, and sodium, and percentage of energy from saturated fat. "Price" was associated with the amount of energy and percentage of energy from carbohydrate. The average number of satisfied standards was highest in companies B (5.0) and C (4.0). About two-thirds of the meal boxes provided less amount of energy than the standard; the percentage of such meal boxes was highest in meal boxes with price of 4,200 won or lower. Conclusions: There were significant differences in the nutritional quality of meal boxes according to "company". Meanwhile, higher-priced meal boxes did not necessarily ensure better nutritional quality.

• 산업공학
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.472-481
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• 2004

In this paper, we propose a linear programming model of supply planning process for the supply chain collaboration strategy of a company. The amount of its supplying quantity relies on outsourcing suppliers heavily. Conversely, the revenues of those suppliers are highly dependent on the supplying quota from the supply network planning of the company. In order to keep the supply stable through collaboration, the company builds such a policy to guarantee the fairness on revenue between the supplies. For this, the supply network plan should keep the capacity utilization ratio even for all the suppliers. But the production capacities are different and the distribution of molds is disproportional through suppliers, so the supply network plan is not easily established with simple arithmetic processes. Therefore, we developed the linear programming model with those target function and constraints minimizing the costs for holding inventory and penalty of delayed delivery, simultaneously guaranteeing the even capacity utilization through suppliers. The proposed model has been applied to real case and the evaluation for the planning result from the model would be followed in order to make sure that our model guarantee on extracting the supply network plan subordinated to the policy. Also we mention about further studies for improvement of the model.

• Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.32-46
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• 2023

Purpose: The present study aimed to compare the immune-enhancing potential of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to Alum against rabies vaccine and the related immunological, physiological, and histopathological effects. Materials and Methods: Alum and AuNPs sole and in combination with rabies vaccine were used at 0.35 mg/mL and 40 nM/mL, respectively. Rats used were categorized into six groups (20/each): control rats, rabies vaccine, aluminum phosphate gel, rabies vaccine adsorbed to Alum, AuNPs, and rabies vaccine adjuvant AuNPs. Results: Liver and kidney functions were in the normal range after AuNPs and Alum adjuvanted vaccine compared to control. Interleukin-6 and interferon-γ levels were significantly increased in groups immunized with Alum and AuNPs adjuvanted vaccine, the peak level was in the case of AuNP adjuvanted vaccine on the 14th day. Ninety days post-vaccination, total immunoglobulin G (IgG) against adjuvanted rabies vaccine showed a significantly elevated antirabies IgG with AuNPs and Alum adsorbed vaccine compared with unadjuvanted one. The total antioxidant capacity, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase activities were significantly increased post-adjuvanted AuNPs adjuvanted vaccine vaccination than in Alum adsorbed vaccine, while MDA was significantly decreased. The histopathological examination revealed detectable alterations post-AuNPs and Alum adjuvanted vaccine immunization compared with liver and kidney profiles post-administration of unadjuvanted and non-immunized groups, meanwhile, splenic tissue revealed hyperplasia of lymphoid follicles indicating increased immune reactivity. Conclusion: The AuNPs are promising enhancers of the immune response as Alum, and the undesirable effects of AuNPs could be managed by using suitable sizes, shapes, and concentrations.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.151-157
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• 2002

한국산 수출용 냉장 돈육 등심의 품질 특성을 조사하기 위해 수출 육가공업체 3개소에서 생산된 시료를 2$^{\circ}C$에서 50일간 냉장 저장하면서 일반성분과 물리화학적 특성 변화를 조사하였으며, 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 일반성분에서 수분은 I업체, 조단백은 II업체, 조지방은 II와 III업체의 시료에서 유의적으로 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 물리화학적 특성변화에서 pH는 저장기간이 경과함에 따라 유의적으로 증가하였으며, 보수성은 II업체 시료가 유의적으로 높고, 저장기간이 경과함에 따라 유의적으로 증가하였다. 전단력은 II업체 시료가 유의적으로 낮았으며, 저장기간이 경과함에 따라 유의적으로 낮아졌다(p<0.05). 육즙손실은 II업체 시료가 유의적으로 많았고, 저장기간이 경과함에 따라 유의적으로 증가하였다. 가열감량은 저장기간에 따라 전반적으로 감소하는 경향이었다. 따라서 본 실험 결과 업체별 돈육의 품질 차이는 돼지 품종, 사육농가의 사육관리, 비육일수와 도축장에서의 도축방법, 냉각방법 등에 의하여 차이가 있는 것으로 판단되며, 이에 대한 추가 연구가 수행된다면 수출돈육의 품질향상을 가져 올 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.