• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
• /
• v.29 no.3
• /
• pp.197-204
• /
• 2017

Life history of the Siberian stone loach, Orthrias toni, were investigated using samples collected from Buk Stream, Goseong-gun, Gangwon-do, Korea. Growth was rapid between April and October when water temperature exceeded $10^{\circ}C$, but growth almost stopped from November-March when water temperature was below $10^{\circ}C$. Age groups for O. toni estimated by frequency distribution of total length in spawning season (May) indicated the 60~81 mm is 1-year old, the 82~99 mm group is 2-years old, the 100~119 mm is 3-years old, and the 120~140 mm is more than 4-years old. Total length range by sex was similar, and sex ratio (♂/♀) was 0.73. Spawning season according to the gonadosomatic index (GSI) was May with water temperature $14{\sim}17^{\circ}C$, and almost all fish were mature after one year old. Fecundity increased rapidly with age with an average of $4,460{\pm}3,302$ ($mean{\pm}SD$). Size of mature eggs was $0.87{\pm}0.03mm$ in diameter irrespective of age.

• Journal of architectural history
• /
• v.14 no.2 s.42
• /
• pp.57-69
• /
• 2005

A stylobate, part of the foundation for hardening soil below the floor, has been built with a variety of materials, such as stone, tile and brick, in several kinds of combined constructions of soil, stone, and brick. In particular, Baekje used a tile-piled stylobate that could not be found in Goguryeo and Silla counterparts, thus showing outstanding performance in the construction culture. Archeological excavations up to now evidence the stylobate played a role in building the magnificent structures or enhancing the decorative effects. It can be enough inferred that such features are reflected on dual footing stylobate, framed stylobate and tile-piled stylobate. Baekje had delivered its techniques for constructing stylobate to Silla from about the middle of 6th century. They can be traced down back from the dual stylobate that has been identified in Hwangryong-sa temple lastly built in the old site of Silla, those constructed with broken stones at Najeong, tile-piled stylobate of the mode of vertical-horizontal rows which had been established in Inwang-dong, Gyeongju, the capital of the kingdom, and a framed stylobate at Hall enshrining Buddha (Golden Hall) site of Gameun-sa temple site. Recently, relics of structures, including temple sites, are intermittently being unearthed in the old sites of Baekje and Silla. However, studies linking archeology with architecture can be rarely found up to now. It is, therefore, necessary that the relics should be correctly construed in archeological as well as architectural aspects. We expect that further studies can graft architectural insight into archeological analysis.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.17-40
• /
• 1997

${\ulcorner}$Classified Collection of Medical Prescriptions${\lrcorner}$(${\ulcorner}$醫方類聚${\lrcorner}$ is a medical book which classifies and edits the existing books. First of all, it is not until finishing the study of reference books that we can study the ${\ulcorner}$Classified Collection of Medical Prescriptions${\lrcorner}$ in earnest. We did not take traditional non-systematic methods to study the reference books of ${\ulcorner}$Classified Collection of Medical Prescriptions${\lrcorner}$ systematically. We investigated the title of 'reference book's name' as a reference book and did not investigate re-reference books. The number of reference books are one hundred forty-two volumes. Most of the reference books are medical books; some books are about Taoism and Buddhism. The title of the reference books are given a name by various methods. But these methods have a lot of problems. First, the same title book misapply an alias, the original text name and an abbreviated name. Second, a chapter name misapplies reference books. Third, reference books misapplies a chapter name. Forth, the writer and book name misapplies reference books and so on. From quotation collection about ${\ulcorner}$Classified Collection of Medical Prescriptions${\lrcorner}$'s characteristic point fellows below in three kinds. First, it emphasizes medical therapy. Second, most of Song(宋) period, Geum Yuan(金 元) period of China reference books take place in here. During this period it had accepted studying theory from clinical accumulation and the result of re-clinical studies reception based on theory research, and also had accepted Geum Yuan's expansive theory. Third, by adding technical books of a professional assortment, it has raised its profession of division.

• Journal of forensic and investigative science
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.50-59
• /
• 2008

The purpose of this study was to figure out clinical characteristics in young and adult acute myocardial infarction patients come to emergency room. One hundred fifty four acute myocardial infarction cases were collected and analized from January 2003 to April 2006, especially focused on below the age 50. The results of the study were summarized as follows. The results were proportion up disease occur to women disease rate as men after 50 age and acute myocardial infarction occur to spring and winter most of all. Research for this patients coronary artery condition in cardiac angiography room and coronary artery condition is left anterior descending portion was obstruction and stenosis most of all at that time in emergency room. HDL-cholesterol was not normal range of this patients. About 57.9% patients downward normal range but total cholesterol was very variant condition. Investigated chest X-ray of this patients and result in upward 75% patients was C-T ratio 50% upward condition. And it was shown result from this patients 94. 7% was obesity condition and family history showed mother or father got hypertension or diabete mellitus patients but 42. 7% patients not family history. This patients not going to direct emergency room after via local medical center result in badly condition up. Have got outcomes of youth and adults age patient of acute myocardial infarction come to emergency room. Government and administration have to support advertising this results about acute myocardial infarction condition of nation people. We need to preservation and preventing this disease but if this disease occurrence, to the utmost directly and speedly emergency room for fast therapy.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.26 no.4
• /
• pp.526-535
• /
• 1994

For the evaluation of the corrosion behavior of the aluminum cladding in the KMRR(Korea Multipurpose Research Reactor) fuel, a modified Griess correlation was derived by introducing a heat flux factor derived from the comparison of the measured in-reactor corrosion data with the prediction of the Griess correlation. As a design criterion on the corrosion to maintain the KMRR fuel integrity, prevention of the oxide spallation was conservatively selected, which is conservatively assumed to occur when the temperature difference across the oxide layer exceeds 114$^{\circ}C$. A bounding power history of the KMRR fuel was determined by examining all the power histories of the KMRR fuel from cycle 1 to equilibrium cycle, and used to predict the maximum possible corrosion. Results of the corrosion prediction of the KMRR fuel with the bounding power history showed that the maximum local thickness of the oxide layer would be below 50$\mu$m and the design criterion on the oxide spallation would be satisfied with a factor of two margin. Therefore, it can be said that corrosion of the cladding will not impair the integrity of the KMRR fuel. Nevertheless, the applicability of the modified Griess correlation to the KMRR needs to be further verified through the KMRR fuel corrosion surveillance.

• Journal of architectural history
• /
• v.10 no.3 s.27
• /
• pp.7-23
• /
• 2001

We Koreans are very proud of this nation's cultural history over some five millenniums. But most of the relics found in the nation date back up to two thousand years. Under this circumstance, we are wondering the gap and missing of three thousand years. In our traditional literature of history, [Chiwoo] was a military god of supreme dignity and virtue. He was a symbol of brave and strong warriors and since the antiquity, he has been kept alive deeply in the mind of the Korean race. Considering findings through this study, the researcher could provide a conclusion as described below. 1) The name of Paekje's designed tiles was initially made by a Japanese scholar who had first found the antique relic. According to studies by a few of Korean researchers, the name is usually called despite its relation with a historical background of the excavated objects has not been fully studied. 2) After the patterned objects of the Korean antique Kingdom, Japanese researchers reported that [Chiwoo] was a military god as exorcist and probably represented something in the form of a ghost, although there were arguments that the military god was the very being to influence the image of the ghost. This report suggests that the Japanese community didn't downgrade the military god onto the level of a ghost. 3) One of our antique nations, Paekje at that time sought to determine the origin and culture of the Koreans by making multiple exchange relations with China, and probably accepting cultures of the Chinese Han nation and those of the Chinese South and North Dynasty period. Based on findings from a relevant literature, [Sulyigi], people of Paekje attempted to show express the image of Chiwoo in their own unique ways and then deliver the strong bravery of [Chiwoo] to us, or their descendents. This can explain that those findings as above mentioned are consistent with the designed tiles of Paekje, and that the tiles should not be named as the design of ghost. 4) The designed tiles involved elements of Taoism and Buddhism and substantially considered the spirit of four gods which was mobilized for the tomb construction and selection at that time. But this should never be a reason why all of the horned figures seen in tomb wall paintings are collectively treated as ghosts. 5) From the view of historic literature, we can no doubt say that the Heavenly Emperor [Chiwoo] was our ancestor. It is not better to say that the relic stuffs as excavated should be referred to the design of ghost image only in that they have yet to be associated historically with other relics. This claim would be newly changed as it becomes clear with historical remains that our antique ancestors kept doing positive activities along the coast of the antique kingdom, Balhae.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.27 no.10
• /
• pp.1058-1069
• /
• 1994

This study was performed to study the effects of dietary factors on breast and cervical cancer incidence in female Koreans. The subjects were 60 breast and 109 cervical cancer patients recruited from five general hospitals in Seoul. Food intake, anthropometric measurement, and blood compositions were studied through personal interview and using medical records, from August 1991 to September 1992. Body weight, body mass index, triceps skinfold thickness and body muscle mass were at upper limit of normal value, which suggest that these patients had a tendency of overweight. The levels of hemoglobin and hematocrit of the patients were below the normal values. The values of serum protein, albumin, and calcium were in the normal range but close to the lower bound. Therefore the nutritional status assessed by blood composition seems to be marginal. The results of diet history showed that most of the nutrient intake of the subjects met with RDA. The fat intake were 22.9-36.9g/day which supplies about 15-16% of total calories. The results of this study do not agree with those reports of western societies which showed the positive correlation between calorie and fat intake and the incidence of breast and cervical cancer. Even through the calories and fat intake of the subjects were not high, it was higher than national average, especially in breast cancer patients. From this study, dietary factors does not seem to be a major risk factor in cancer incidence in Korea. However, the tendency of the increasing consumption of fat could be a contributing risk factor together with overweight.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
• /
• v.13 no.9
• /
• pp.703-712
• /
• 2003

This paper suggests a fuzzy expert system for fault diagnosis of rotating machinery, based on modulated databases. In the proposed system, alarm and trip levels are set based on ISO, considering operating condition, machinery type and maintenance history. Input signals for diagnosis, such as sub-and super-harmonic components of vibration and mean value, are normalized from 0 to 1 under the threshold level and otherwise equal to one so that chronic faults slightly below the threshold level can be monitored. The database for diagnosis consists of two modules: the well-known Sohre's chart module and if-then type rules. The Sohre's chart is utilized for the most common problems of high-speed turbomachinery, while the rule-based module, which was collected from many papers and reports, is for diagnosing peculiar faults according to the type of machinery. To infer the results from two modules, a fuzzy operation of Yager sum was adopted. Using a simulator constructed in laboratory, experimental verification was performed for the cases of unbalance and resonance which were intended. The experimental results show that the proposed fuzzy expert system has feasibility in practical diagnosis of rotating machinery.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
• /
• 2003.05a
• /
• pp.303-312
• /
• 2003

This paper suggests a fuzzy expert system for fault diagnosis of rotating machinery, based on modulated databases. In the proposed system, alarm and trip levels are set based on ISO, considering operating condition, machinery type and maintenance history. Input signals for diagnosis, such as sub- and super-harmonic components of vibration and mean value, are normalized from 0 to 1 under the threshold level and otherwise equal to one so that chronic faults slightly below the threshold level can be monitored. The database for diagnosis consists of two modules: the well-known Sohre's chart module and if-then type rules. The Sohre's chart is utilized for the most common problems of high-speed turbomachinery, while the rule-based module, which was collected from many papers and reports, is for diagnosing peculiar faults according to the type of machinery. To infer the results from two modules, a fuzzy operation of Yager sum was adopted. Using a simulator constructed in laboratory, experimental verification was performed for the cases of resonance and housing looseness which were intended. The experimental results show that the proposed fuzzy expert system has feasibility in practical diagnosis of rotating machinery.

• 대한예방의학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 1994.02a
• /
• pp.549-559
• /
• 1994

A subgroup or workers from a secondary lead smelter was defined to include those with blood lead levels not exceeding $80{\mu}g/100\;ml$ and with no pest history of elevated blood lead. Central nervous system symptoms (tiredness, sleeplessness, irritability, headache) were reported by 55% of the group and muscle and joint pain by 39%. Zinc proteporphyrin (ZPP) levels were elevated in 71% or cases. Low hemoglobin levels (less than 14 gm/l00 ml) were round in more than a third of the workers. While BUN and creatinine were mostly in the normal range, there - nevertheless n correlation between ZPP and both BUN and creatinine. Reduced nerve-conduction velocities were present in 25% or the group; this was not significantly different from findings in Ii control group. The data indicate that n blood level of $80{\mu}g/100\;ml$ is an inappropriate biological guide in the prevention or lead disease.