• Atmosphere
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.407-433
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• 2015

First half of my article focused on analyzing the current state of historical materials regarding weather and climate, and established a list of weather-related historical literature collection of Korea with which to make a lexical approach to the situations of all kinds of weather literature. It also put emphasis on gathering information and data of weather logs from journal-type historical records which were contained in 48 weather-related journals of Choseon period. The results of this research are expected to be useful for the activation of study in historical meteorology. The latter half of my research focused on analyzing various meteorological states of sunny, cloudy, rainy, snowy and frosty weather which were recorded in the official Annals of King Kojong (1864~1907). And it re-verified historical rainfall data of preceding researches of Wada Yuji (1917), Jung-Lim (1994), Jhun-Moon (1997). In result, different records were found between data of theirs and mine. It means that we have to analyze and reconstruct newly the meteorological data of the Annals of King Gojong and the Daily Records of Royal Sungjungwon (1623~1910) during the late Choseon period.

• Atmosphere
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.185-192
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• 2016

In this paper, I studied about historical seasonal subdivision system and a theory of traditional monthly order, which was used for so long from Koryo dynasty to the late of Choseon dynasty in Korean histoy. Especially, I took note of the fact that there used the table of solar terms and meteorological observation what we called the table of Kihoo-pyo in the historical Sunmyung-calendar and the Soosi-calendar during the Koryo dynasty. This table of Kihoo was developed for explaining meteorological change during a year at that time. Here are largely four elements related meteorological nature : the first is the list of 24 solar terms, and the second is 12 monthly seasonal terms and 12 monthly central terms, the third is about four right hexagon based I-ching, the fourth is 72 meteorological observations called 72-hoo. Among them, the 72-hoo system is important to know how premodern people observed natural materials including animals and plants, weather, climate about meteorological phenomena according to the seasonal change or solar terms' change during a year. I argued in this article to need developing modern new table of Kihoo system like that, in order to show common people to recognize annual meteorological change more easy and clear. I also argued to need a distinct definition of meteorological seasons from a view point of modern meteorology.

• Atmosphere
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.373-386
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• 2016

The future variability of Wind Energy Density (WED) over the Korean Peninsula under RCP climate change scenario is projected using ensemble analysis. As for the projection of the future WED, changes between the historical period (1981~2005) and the future projection (2021~2050) are examined by analyzing annual and seasonal mean, and Coefficient of Variation (CV) of WED. The annual mean of WED in the future is expected to decrease compared to the past ones in RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 respectively. However, the CV is expected to increase in RCP 8.5. WEDs in spring and summer are expected to increase in both scenarios RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5. In particular, it is predicted that the variation of CV for WED in winter is larger than other seasons. The time series of WED for three major wind farms in Korea exhibit a decrease trend over the future period (2021~2050) in Gochang for autumn, in Daegwanryeong for spring, and in Jeju for autumn. Through analyses of the relationship between changes in wind energy and pressure gradients, the fact that changes in pressure gradients would affect changes in WED is identified. Our results can be used as a background data for devising a plan to develop and operate wind farm over the Korean Peninsula.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.24 no.11
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• pp.1493-1500
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• 2015

Observation data (1981-2014) and climate change scenario data (historical: 1981-2005; RCP 2.6 and 8.5: 2006-2100) were used to analyze occurrence and future outlook of the extreme heat days and tropical nights in Daegu and Jeju. Then we compared the mortality and observations data (1993-2013). During 1981-2014, the average of extreme heat days (tropical nights) was 24.41 days (12.47 days) in Daegu, and 6.5 days (22.14 days) in Jeju. Extreme heat days and tropical nights have been similarly increased in Daegu, but tropical nights increased more than extreme heat days in Jeju. Extreme heat days and tropical nights in both, Daegu and Jeju showed high correlation with daily mortality, specifically Daegu's correlation was higher than that of jeju. The yearly increasing rate of extreme heat of the future (2076-2100) was 1.7-3.6 times and 7.8-37.7 times higher than the past (1981-2005) in Daegu and Jeju, respectively. The yearly increase rate of tropical nights of future was 2.6-5.0 times and 2.9-5.6 times higher in Daegu and Jeju, respectively. During 2006-2100 periods, the trend of extreme heat days was observed both in Daegu and Jeju. On the average, extreme heat days and tropical nights in Jeju increased more than that of Daegu. However, the trend of extreme heat days increase in Daegu was higher than that in Jeju, whereas, the trend of tropical nights in Jeju was higher than that in Daegu.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.49-60
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• 2004

Northern Gyeonggi Province(NGP), consisting of 3 counties, is the northernmost region in South Korea adjacent to the de-militarized zone with North Korea. To supplement insufficient spatial coverage of official climate data and climate atlases based on those data, high-resolution digital climate models(DCM) were prepared to support weather- related activities of residents in NGP Monthly climate data from 51 synoptic stations across both North and South Korea were collected for 1981-2000. A digital elevation model(DEM) for this region with 30m cell spacing was used with the climate data for spatially interpolating daily maximum and minimum temperatures, solar irradiance, and precipitation based on relevant topoclimatological models. For daily minimum temperature, a spatial interpolation scheme accommodating the potential influences of cold air accumulation and the temperature inversion was used. For daily maximum temperature estimation, a spatial interpolation model loaded with the overheating index was used. Daily solar irradiances over sloping surfaces were estimated from nearby synoptic station data weighted by potential relative radiation, which is the hourly sum of relative solar intensity. Precipitation was assumed to increase with the difference between virtual terrain elevation and the DEM multiplied by an observed rate. Validations were carried out by installing an observation network specifically for making comparisons with the spatially estimated temperature pattern. Freezing risk in January was estimated for major fruit tree species based on the DCMs under the recurrence intervals of 10, 30, and 100 years, respectively. Frost risks at bud-burst and blossom of tree flowers were also estimated for the same resolution as the DCMs.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.61 no.2
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• pp.75-83
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• 2019

Using geographical indication, a type of source identification, can effectively promote local specialty agricultural products of superior quality, by identifying the specific geographic location or origin of the produce. Agricultural products can be registered using the geographical indication by describing the product's relation to its geographical origin including the reputation and quality. However, this indication has no objective standards to qualify goods as agricultural specialty products. The purpose of this study is to suggest basic criteria to define the characteristics and criteria of agricultural specialties based on a quantitative evaluation method. To propose this basic standard, we used the proportion of arable land to denote the major production areas and the location quotient (LQ) index to grasp the extent of the specialty of a product. The results show that the average LQ values of registered agricultural products, particularly apples, pears, and garlic, are 3.26, 8.01, and 2.82, respectively. This indicates that they are more specialized than produce from other areas that have not registered for a geographical indication. Low LQ values were found in some areas with registered rice geographical indications, which are also more focused on their historical reputation as the main rice producing areas. Considering the agricultural specialty of products, the recommendation is that the producing proportion should be over 1% of the national scale and over 10% of the province scale, and the LQ value should be over 2.0. This recommendation is not a requirement, but the criteria can prove to be useful in identifying a higher range of specialized agricultural products.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.833-848
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• 2014

The assessment of the current and future climate change-induced potential wind energy is an important issue in the planning and operations of wind farm. Here, the authors analyze spatiotemporal characteristics and variabilities of wind energy over Korean Peninsula in the near future (2006-2040) using Representative Concentration Pathway(RCP) scenarios data. In this study, National Institute of Meteorological Research (NIMR) regional climate model HadGEM3-RA based RCP 2.6 and 8.5 scenarios are analyzed. The comparison between ERA-interim and HadGEM3-RA during the period of 1981-2005 indicates that the historical simulation of HadGEM3-RA slightly overestimates (underestimates) the wind energy over the land (ocean). It also shows that interannual and intraseasonal variability of hindcast data is generally larger than those of reanalysis data. The investigation of RCP scenarios based future wind energy presents that future wind energy density will increase over the land and decrease over the ocean. The increase in the wind energy and its variability is particularly significant over the mountains and coastal areas, such as Jeju island in future global warming. More detailed analysis presents that the changes in synoptic conditions over East Asia in future decades can influence on the predicted wind energy abovementioned. It is also suggested that the uncertainty of the predicted future wind energy may increase because of the increase of interannual and intra-annual variability. In conclusion, our results can be used as a background data for devising a plan to develop and operate wind farm over the Korean Peninsula.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.63-66
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• 2014

Since Rigollet first discovered a comet in 1939, many follow-up observations have been made, particularly in Europe. It is now known that the Rigollet comet is identical with the one observed by Herschel in 1788, and thus it is now called 35P/1939 O1 or the Herschel-Rigollet comet. Yumi, a Japanese astronomer, also observed the Rigollet comet in Korea using a 6-inch refractor telescope, and published his data in two Japanese journals (Bulletin of the Observatory of the Government-General of Korea and Publication of the Lecture on Meteorology). In his paper, Yumi also referred to observations by Hirose and Kanda in Japan. However, their works have not been given attention by international society. In this study, we analyze the observation data of Yumi and present preliminary orbital elements using it with a modified Gauss method. We expect that this study will be used to refine the orbital elements of the Rigollet comet by orbital-calculation experts. For that reason, we have also transcribed all the observational data presented by Yumi.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.51-62
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• 2014

Objectives: The objective of study was to calculate the municipal level environmental burden of disease (EBD) due to heat wave. Methods: The data used were Korea National Health Insurance 2011 claim data and 2011 death registry. Heatwave related diseases included hypertensive heart diseases, ischemic heart diseases, cerebrovascular disease, and heat related illness. According to the method that WHO proposed, the study computed population-attributable fraction with relative risk which come from previous study and proportion of exposure which the study calculated with historical meteorology data. Results: The Average of 251 municipal EBD was 2.11 per thousand persons. The value of years lost due to disability was 11 times higher than that of years of life lost. On average EBD of county and southern geographical areas tended to be higher than those of District or city areas. The relationship between municipal deprivation index (composite deprivation index) and EBD showed the positive association, which means that the worse deprived municipal is, the higher EBD takes. Conclusions: Climate change is getting one of the major risk factors of cardio-cerebrovascular disease, which is the second leading cause of death. The study results suggested the urgent policy planning and reaction of climate change adaptation.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2022.05a
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• pp.147-147
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• 2022

In January 2021 heavy flood affected South Kalimantan with causing many casualties. The heavy rainfall is predicted to be generated due to the ENSO (El Nino-Southern Oscillation). The weak La-Nina mode appeared to generate more convective cloud above the warmed ocean and result in extreme rainfall with high anomaly compared to past historical rainfall event. Subsequently, the antecedent soil moisture distribution showed to have an important role in generating the flood response. Saturated flow and infiltration excess mainly contributed to the runoff generation due to the high moisture capacity. The hydro-meteorological processes in this event were deeply analyzed using the coupled atmospheric model of Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) and the hydrological model extension (WRF-Hydro). The sensitivity analysis of the flood response to the SST anomaly and the soil moisture capacity also compared. Result showed that although SST and soil moisture are the main contributors, soil moisture have more significant contribution to the runoff generation despite of anomaly rainfall occurred. Model performance was validated using the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) and Soil Moisture Operational Products System (SMOPS) and performed reasonably well. The model was able to capture the hydro-meteorological process of atmosphere and hydrological feedbacks in the extreme weather event.