• 영어어문교육
• /
• 제11권2호
• /
• pp.171-194
• /
• 2005

The essay attempts at a critical reading of Thomas Hardy's The Mayor of Casterbridge (1886) in terms of character and socio-cultural change. Juxtaposing the story of Michael Henchard's career with the social and economic changes in the agricultural town, it attempts to elaborate on the complex ways in which Hardy relates the old modes of life and thinking to the material culture. Though the novel is centered on the story of Henchard, the Henchard-Farfrae clash represents the conflict of "old" and "new" modes of socio-economic organization and consciousness. The story of the rustic man of character struggling with his contradictory traits of strong will-power and emotional collapse suggests that Hardy's literary representation of the rural community and the rustic protagonist is deeply rooted in historical reality. However, while there is the interlocking of the changes in personal fate and social change, the representation is a "reinvented" literary construction with complex mediation. Despite the narrator's emphasis on Henchard's immutability, peculiarity, and resilience, his character is, in a complex, mediated way, shaped by the material conditions of English rural community in the late 19th century. The mediating role of Elizabeth-Jane as a narrative resolution embodies Hardy's ambivalent historical position concerning the period undergoing change and conflict.

• 비교문화연구
• /
• 제29권
• /
• pp.201-232
• /
• 2012

In the world history in the rein of totalitarianism cultural project of government had been activated, and consequently of it official culture had been organized. But at the same time on the other side of it people('narod'), who didn't have cultural means for active expression of own opinion on the reality, had expressed world-view and judgement informally in everyday language. In the literature of autocracy, subjected to censorship, had been expressed and fixed mythically idealized image of sovereign and his works. But in the folklore the image of ruler had been created by liberal fantasy of people. This article examined russian literature and folklore texts of 18 century, when russian people suffered from rapid and dramatic changes, caused by Peter I. Although russian literature of 18 century had gone over to the new literary regime, it still accepted political mechanism as dominant of age, and consequently in the literary texts of this century Peter I was represented as ideal person and great monarch. But various images in folklore texts show that people's opinion on ruler and his activities couldn't be controlled. In other worlds, diverse images of Peter I in folklore texts reflect clear and plain historical consciousness of people. This analysis reveals not only difference between mechanism of idealization of government and historical consciousness of people, but also meaning of cultural memory as indicator of historical reality.

• 영어영문학
• /
• 제60권2호
• /
• pp.339-363
• /
• 2014

This essay reconsiders the subject of Romantic self-consciousness in a post-de Manian perspective. Self-consciousness is an attribute of Romantic lyricism whereby the poetic speaker I remains conscious of how (s)he feels or lives here and now. This self-reflective feature of Romantic poetry has been controversially interpreted either as self-centered solipsism or as self-expressive objectivism. The question is stirring more disputes among Romantic critics after the advent of New Historicism and Feminism. These two historicistic approaches reprove Romantic poetry for a lack of the sense of history and ascribes it to Romantic self-consciousness. They argue that Romantic poets in general displace historical materiality into an object of internal consciousness, so negating absurd social realities "merely to gain their own immortal soul." This essay targets to overcome this negative stance on Romantic self-consciousness with a "subversive" return to Paul de Man's criticism of Romantic internality.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture International Edition
• /
• 제1호
• /
• pp.136-142
• /
• 2001

Beijing Chuan Di Xia can be traced back to Ming and Qing Dynasties. It is located beside the old post way in the west of Beijing. At present, there are more than seventy units of traditional courtyard houses of Ming and Qing Dynasties and the antique features of the surroundings still survive. The dwelling suited to the historical and regional context and the profound cultural values accumulations etc., have precious historic and cultural values. Associated with the investigation of Chuan Di Xia, the paper explores the site selection, the layout, the spatial constructiveness and the underlying consciousness of Chinese traditional dwellings, unveils the common philosophic basis of traditional dwellings and offers new though for sustainable human settlements.

• 고전문학과교육
• /
• 제15호
• /
• pp.463-499
• /
• 2008

This paper aims at investigating the characterization and author's consciousness of Okhwangibong written in about 18th century in Korea. Okhwangibong deals with the historical event in the Later Han of ancient China, that is to say the Empress Gwak's banishment and the royal harem Eum's accession to the queen consort. The author of this work created the focal characters freshly. Particularly Gwak is characterized as the vivid woman who desires the Emperor Kwangmu's love, reproaches his negative attitude toward her wants, and feels pains by reason of his affection to Eum. The author intended to justify Eum's accession to the queen consort through emphasizing Providence and her virtue. But the author's intention could not be realized fully. Because what is called Providence was lost persuasive power, and Gwak was characterized very affirmatively. Therefore it can be said that this work represents Gwak's trials and pains caused by Kwangmu. And the discord of the author's intent and the real meaning of the work occurred the dispute about affection and faithfulness between man and wife in following novels. Consequently the historical meaning of Okhwangibong in Korean Novel can be founded in successful characterization and occurring the dispute in following novels.

• 대한가정학회지
• /
• 제37권1호
• /
• pp.1-13
• /
• 1999

The purpose of this study is to find how the mate selection and sex consciousness reflected in Samhuk Yusa. We set up the following two questions for aim of this study. First, how are the real aspects and specific characters of mate selection reflected in Samguk Yusa? Second, how are the real aspects and specific characters of sex consciousness reflected in Samguk Yusa? The results can be summarized as follows; 1. Mate selection reflected in Samguk Yusa discussed into two major domains, one is spouse conditions and the other is marriage form. Men and Women are married at teenages, but the greater part of case is unidentified, so in order to approach this we need to analyse other historical documents. In men and women, standard of appearance and personality is difference. Analyzed case about appearance is a few, also we need to analyse other historical materials. More valued personality is wisdom in men, and in women more valued personality is virtue, brightness, graceful and mild. Through in case of to overcome the cultural gabs, the society must be open in every area. The marriage form is diversity, examples, free marriage, a marriage of convenience type, etc. Especially in aspects remarriage of man and woman is free in every class. 2. Sex consciousness reflected in Samguk Yusa discussed into three major domains, first is discussion about sex, second is premarital sexual behavior, third is extramarital. Through the case of discussion about sex is opened so there is not existence double blinded in sexual norms. Also through the case of premarital sexual behavior and extramarital, fidelity ideology does not yet come into existence.

• 한국철학논집
• /
• 제23호
• /
• pp.181-216
• /
• 2008

이 글에서는 민이승(閔以升) 사상 가운데 주로 1)지와 지각의 문제, 즉 심성(心性)의 구분에 관한 논의문제, 이와 관련하여 펼쳐진 2)정제두와의 양지 지각의 동이성 문제에 관한 논의 등으로 나누어 살펴본다. 민이승은 양명학자 정제두와 양명학의 시비문제를 둘러싸고 논쟁을 전개하고 있는데, 그 내용은 양명학의 중심개념인 양지와 지각의 동이문제이다. 또한 민이승은 양지와 지각 논쟁의 연장선상에서 김창협과 지(智)와 지각(知覺)의 동이문제를 둘러싸고 논쟁한다. 민이승은 정제두와의 양명학 논쟁에서 양명학의 '심즉리'설과 '지행합일'설에 대해 부정하고 있으며, 양명학의 중심개념인 양지는 천리와는 구분된 지각으로 파악하고 있다. 정제두와 양지와 지각의 관계에 대해 논쟁하고 있는 민이승은 당시 학계에서 진행되고 있었던 지와 지각의 관계에 관심을 가지게 된다. 이 결과, 민이승은 김창협과 지와 지각의 동이문제에 대해 한차례 논쟁을 벌이게 된다. 민이승과 김창협 사이에 전개된 지와 지각의 관계에 대한 논의는 지와 지각의 관계를 불상잡(不相雜)의 측면에서 보느냐 아니면 불상치의 측면에서 보느냐 하는 차이점에 있다. 김창협은 지와 지각이 서로 섞일 수 없다는 불상잡의 입장을 강조하는 데 비해, 민이승은 지와 지각의 관계를 불상리의 입장에서 양자의 연관성에 주목하고 있다. '양지와 지각의 동이문제', '지와 지각의 동이문제'라는 논쟁 주제를 중심으로 양자의 입장 차이를 살펴보고, 이러한 논쟁이 사상사적으로 어떠한 의의가 있는가 살펴보기로 한다.

• 한국철학논집
• /
• 제35호
• /
• pp.165-188
• /
• 2012

본 연구의 목적은 고려 말과 조선초기라는 역사적 전환기에 삶을 영위한 원천석의 역사의식과 유불도 삼교관을 탐구하는데 있다. 원천석은 당시 백성들의 입장을 적극적으로 대변하려 하였다. 백성들을 고통과 도탄에 빠뜨리고 있는 권세가들의 전횡을 적극적으로 비판하는 그의 태도는 고려 말 신진사류들의 입장과 그 궤를 같이 하는 것이었다. 그는 요동정벌이 시행되자 고려의 기상을 떨칠 수 있는 좋은 기회로 여겼으나 현실상황은 자신의 기대와는 다르게 전개되어 나갔다. 이성계가 위화도에서 말을 돌려 회군을 함으로써 국가적 위기상황을 맞이하게 되자 원천석은 이성계의 행위에 대한 강한 부정적 입장을 표명하였다. 원천석은 유학자로서 불교와 도교를 부정하지 않는 자세를 견지하였다. 그는 유불도가 하나의 이치로 통하는 것이라 파악하였다. 유학에 학문적 토대를 둔 그가 유교 그 자체뿐만 아니라 불교와 도교적 세계관에 대해서도 깊은 이해를 도모하여 유교적 사유체계에서 오는 현실적 갈등과 대립의식을 승화시키고 있었다. 열린사회와 글로벌화를 지향하며 다문화사회로 접어든 현대는 다양한 가치관이 공존하고 점차 민족 간 문화적 교류 빈도가 증대해가고 있다. 이러한 현실적 변화과정으로 볼 때, 타자에 대한 넓은 이해와 소통, 그리고 상호존중의 교섭적 특성을 갖는 원천석의 유불도 삼교관은 오늘을 살아가는 우리들에게 시사하는 바가 적지 않다.

• 비교문화연구
• /
• 제25권
• /
• pp.267-290
• /
• 2011

The purpose of this study is examining a circulation and conflict of concepts and logics of the $Chos{\check{o}}n$-ness by analysing the $Chos{\check{o}}n$ national character and $Chos{\check{o}}n$ aesthetic consciousness. As entering the modern period, we understood the nations as a unit of the artistic awareness. So, national art is defined as a national character expression from this period. The $Chos{\check{o}}n$ aesthetic consciousness by raising in this period, which is connected with the discourse of national character, carry out a discussional practice defining the Korean originality. However, there is a circulation and conflict of concepts and logics about the $Chos{\check{o}}n$ aesthetic consciousness in the process of a discussion. For the most representative examples are 'the white-clad folk' and 'the beauty of sorrow'. An Hwak and Yanagi Muneyoshi are representative debaters who try to establish the $Chos{\check{o}}n$-ness and their discussion supports these facts. As An Hwak regressing of the respect for high antiquity, he demolished the historical character from the $Chos{\check{o}}n$-ness and overlooked aesthetic differences by a periodical change. Yanagi Muneyoshi totally separates arts from politics and disposes of Korean arts in an abstract timeless-space. The function of such an early-modern period's discourse about $Chos{\check{o}}n$ aesthetic consciousness is that $Chos{\check{o}}n$ national character makes the dehistoricization and depoliticization.

• 한국가구학회지
• /
• 제23권4호
• /
• pp.440-448
• /
• 2012

The historical consciousness of furniture is one of the crucial elements that become the medium for initiating design. Also, it is an important task of the science to figure out the headstream of furniture being used these days. From this purpose, this study intends to understand the bureau that has not been studied much in terms of the headstream and changes based on historical facts centering around England, France, or America regarding the forms or terms. These points are expected to be used as the foundational research data to develop the science and products.