• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.550-560
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• 2020

Objective: To evaluate the interobserver agreement, diagnostic value, and associated clinical factors of automated breast ultrasound (ABUS) coronal features in differentiating breast lesions. Materials and Methods: This study enrolled 457 pathologically confirmed lesions in 387 female (age, 46.4 ± 10.3 years), including 377 masses and 80 non-mass lesions (NMLs). The unique coronal features, including retraction phenomenon, hyper- or hypoechoic rim (continuous or discontinuous), skipping sign, and white wall sign, were defined and recorded. The interobserver agreement on image type and coronal features was evaluated. Furthermore, clinical factors, including the lesion size, distance to the nipple or skin, palpability, and the histological grade were analyzed. Results: Among the 457 lesions, 296 were malignant and 161 were benign. The overall interobserver agreement for image type and all coronal features was moderate to good. For masses, the retraction phenomenon was significantly associated with malignancies (p < 0.001) and more frequently presented in small and superficial invasive carcinomas with a low histological grade (p = 0.027, 0.002, and < 0.001, respectively). Furthermore, continuous hyper- or hypoechoic rims were predictive of benign masses (p < 0.001), whereas discontinuous rims were predictive of malignancies (p < 0.001). A hyperechoic rim was more commonly detected in masses more distant from the nipple (p = 0.027), and a hypoechoic rim was more frequently found in large superficial masses (p < 0.001 for both). For NMLs, the skipping sign was a predictor of malignancies (p = 0.040). Conclusion: The coronal plane of ABUS may provide useful diagnostic value for breast lesions.

• 대한미생물학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.145-149
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• 1986

The development of delayed-type hypersensitivity(DTH) reaction to Staphylococcus aureus in mice was studied, Mice received 3 injections of $10^8$ viable S. aureus subcutaneously showed a marked footpad swelling when mice were challenged with $10\;{\mu}g$ staphylococcal protein antigen into footpad(The percent increase of footpad thickness at 24 h after challenge wsa 35% approximately). Histological observation of footpad of immunized mice showed a marked thickness of subcutaneous tissue due to edematous reaction and massive infiltration of lymphocytes and neutrophils which are characteristic cells in DTH reaction. Intensity of DTH reaction of mice immunized with viable bacteria was much higher than that of mice immunized with staphylococcal protein or heat-killed bacteria. The DTH reaction to S. aureus could be transferred to normal recipient mice by both spleen cells and lymph node cells.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.519-522
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• 2015

Background: We aimed to investigate whether the tumor free distance (the distance between the uterine serosa and the tumor at its deepest point) is useful in surgical staging and in predicting prognosis. Materials and Methods: Data from patients who underwent complete surgical staging for endometrial cancer between January 2006 and June 2011 were reviewed retrospectively. All demographic findings, surgical stages, histological type and grade, myometrial invasion, lymphovascular space invasion as well as abdominal cytology, cervical, adnexal, and omental involvement, and lymph node metastasis were recorded. The relations between myometrial invasion and tumor free distance from uterine serosa with prognostic factors were investigated. Results: Seventy patients were included in the study. Sixty-four (91.5%) had endometrioid type cancers and forty-four (62.9%) were grade 1. The deepest myometrial invasion was less than 1/2 in 42 patients (60%). In 18 patients (25.8%) lymphovascular invasion was noted. Eight (11.4%) were found to have cervical involvement, five (7.1%) had adnexal involvement and in 4 cases (5.7%) the peritoneal washings included malignant cells. Four patients had pelvic and one para-aortic node metastasis. We recognized that an invasion of more than 1/2 was correlated significantly with lymphovascular space involvement, histological grade, positive abdominal washing cytology, nodal and cervical involvement, but not with adnexal involvement. Tumor-free myometrial thickness was negative and statistically significant correlated with surgical stage, histological grade, lymphovascular space involvement, positive abdominal washing cytology, cervical and adnexal involvement. The importance of tumor-free myometrial thickness in determinating the lymphovascular space invasion was found to be highest in terms of sensitivity and specificity when crossing the ROC curve at 11 millimeters. Conclusions: Depth of myometrial invasion is more valuable for predicting lymph node metastasis than tumor-free myometrial thickness. The tumor-free myometrial thickness provides a better prediction for adnexal involvement.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.715-719
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• 1990

Thymoma is defined as a neoplasm of the epithelialreticular framework cells of the thymus. The treatment of choice and the prognosis for patients with thymoma are still controversial subjects due to lack of a uniform histological classification and standardized criteria for typing thymic tumors. Between June 1985 and May 1989, eight patients underwent thymomectomy at the Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Korea University Medical Center. A clinical analysis was performed and the following result was obtained. In histologic cell type, epithelial type was 2 cases, lymphocytic type 3 cases, and mixed type was 3 cases. The clinical stage was classified by Masaoka’s classification that Stage I was 4 cases, Stage II; 2 cases, Stage III; 2 cases and Stage IV was none. Myasthenia Gravis was associated with thymoma in 5 patients. In 8 patients, thymomectomy were performed. Adjuvant radiotherapy was performed in one patient with Stage I due to suspicious tumor remnant and in Stage II, III patients routinely. Combined chemotherapy was performed in one patient with Stage III due to local recurrence. We concluded that the most important prognostic factor of thymoma is extent of tumor invasion. And the presence of Myasthenia Gravis is no more prognostic factor. Surgical resection of thymoma is treatment of choice, If local invasion or distant dissemination is present, postoperative radiotherapy and /or combined chemotherapy is recommended.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.211-220
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• 2007

Objective: In organotypic culture of immortalized human oral keratinocytes (IHOK), the change of the growth and differentiation was investigated according to the fibroblast type and the involvement of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase. Materials & Methods: IHOK was cultured three dimensionally with gingival fibroblast (GF), dermal fibroblast (DF) and immortalized gingival fibroblast (IGF). We characterized biologic properties of three dimensionally reconstructed IHOK by histological, immunohistochemical, and Western blot analysis. We also investigated whether MAP kinase pathway was involved in epithelial-mesenchymal interaction by Western blot analysis. Results: The best condition of three dimensionally cultured IHOK was the dermal equivalent consisting of type I collagen and IGF. IGF increased the expression of more proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), involucrin than GF and DF in response to co-culture with IHOK. Extracellularly regulated kinase (ERK) pathway was activated in organotypic co-culture with IGF. Conclusion: The organotypic co-culture of IHOK with dermal equivalent consisting of type I collagen and IGF resulted in excellent morphologic and immunohistochemical characteristics and involved ERK pathway. The epithelial-mesenchymal interaction was activated according to the fibroblast type.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.489-494
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• 2013

Background: Lung cancer is one of the commonest and most lethal cancers throughout the world. The epidemiological and pathological profile varies among different ethnicities and geographical regions. At present adenocarcinoma is the commonest histological subtype of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in most of the Western and Asian countries. However, in India squamous cell carcinoma has been reported as the commonest histological type in most of the series. The aim of the study was to analyze the current clinico-pathological profile and survival of lung cancer at our centre. Materials and Methods: We analyzed 434 pathologically confirmed lung cancer cases registered at our centre over a period of three years. They were evaluated for their clinical and pathological profiles, treatment received and outcome. The available histology slides were reviewed by an independent reviewer. Results: Median age was 55 years with a male:female ratio of 4.6:1. Some 68% of patients were smokers. There were 85.3% NSCLC and 14.7% SCLC cases. Among NSCLCs, adenocarcinoma was the commonest histological subtype after the pathology review. Among NSCLC, 56.8% cases were of stage IV while among SCLC 71.8% cases had extensive stage disease. Some 29% of patients did not receive any anticancer treatment. The median overall and progression free survivals of the patients who received treatment were 12.8 and 7.8 months for NSCLC and 9.1 and 6.8 months for SCLC. Conclusions: This analysis suggests that adenocarcinoma may now be the commonest histological subtype also in India, provided a careful pathological review is done. Most of the patients present at advanced stage and outcome remains poor.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• 제42권sup1호
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• pp.66-70
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• 2008

Reports about FDG PET in biliary tumor are limited and there are almost no reports regarding its efficacy. Biliary tumor is divided to intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile duct cancer, and intrahepatic bile duct cancer can be further divided to peripheral type which occurs at lobular duct and hilar type which occurs at hepatic hilum. Surgical resection is the only curative method for bile duct tumor, and accurate staging plays an important role in deciding treatment modality. Among intrahepatic bile duct tumors, peripheral type and hilar type have the same histological characteristics, but different clinical manifestations and tumor growth pattern. On PET image, FDG uptake is also different between peripheral type and hilar type. Most of the former shows high FDG uptake at primary and metastasis site so it is very useful for determining stage and changing treatment plans. However, the later is diversified among low uptake and very high uptake. The FDG uptake pattern of hilar type is similar to that of extrahepatic bile duct cancer, and mucinous component is an important factor, which affects FOG uptake. When tumor cells are scattered in desmoplatsic stroma, then FDG uptake is low as well. In contrast, when FDG uptake is high, it is likely to be tubular type which has high tumor density. Tumor growth pattern also affects FDG uptake. Nodular type mostly takes higher FDG compared to infiltrative type. There are many cases where benign inflammatory diseases take high FDG that PET alone can not distinguish malignant lesion from benign lesion. In conclusion, studies about PET using FDG are still limited. Thus, it is hard to make accurate conclusion about the roles of PET or PET/CT in biliary cancers, but peripheral type intrahepatic bile duct cancers and mass forming hilar and extrahepatic bile duct cancers appear to be good indications performing FDG PET or PET/CT.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.209-231
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• 1999

Even though titanium(Ti) and its alloys are the most used dental implant materials, there are some problems that Ti wears easily and interferes normal osteogenesis due to the metal ions. Ti coated with bioactive ceramics such as hydroxyapatite has also such problems as the exfoliation or resorption of the coated layer, Recent studies on implant materials have been proceeding to improve physical properties of the implant substrate and biocompatibility of the implant surfaces. The purpose of the present study was to examine the physical property and bone tissue compatibility of bioinert nitrides ion plated Ti, Button type specimens(14mm in diameter, 2.32rrun in height) for the abrasion test and cytotoxicity test and thread type implants(3.75mm in diameter, 6mm in length) for the animal experiments were made from Ti(grade 2) and 316LVM stainless steel. Ti specimens were ion plated with TiN, ZrN by the low temperature arc vapor deposition, and the depth profile of the TiN/Ti, ZrN/Ti ion plated surface was examined by Auger Electron Spectroscopy. Three kind of button type specimens .of TiN/Ti, ZrN/Ti and Ti were used for abrasion test, and HEPAlClC7 cells and CCD cells were cultivated for 4 days with the specimens for cytotoxicity test. Thread type implants of TiN/Ti, ZrN/Ti, Ti, 316LVM were implanted on the femur of 6 adult dogs weighing 10kg-13kg. Two dogs were sacrified for histological examination after 45 days and 90 days, and four dogs were sacrified for the removal torque test of the implant') after 90 days. The removal torque force was measured by Autograph (Shimadzu Co., AGS-1000D series, Japan). Abrasion resistance of TiN/Ti was the highest, and that of ZrN/Ti and Ti were followed. The bioinert nitride ion plated Ti had much better abrasion resistance, compared with Ti, In the cytotoxicity test, the number of both cells were increased in all specimens, and there were no significant difference in cytotoxic reaction among all groups (p>0.1), In histological examination, 316LVM showed the soft tissue engagement in interface between the implant and bone, but the other materials after 45 days noted immature new bone formation in the medullary portion along the implant surface, and those after 90 days showed implant support by new bone formation in both the cortical and the medullary portion, The removal torque force of Tilv/Ti showed significantly higher than that of Ti(p(O,05). The difference in removal torque force between TiN/Ti and ZrN/Ti was not significant(p>0.05), and that of 316LVM was lowest among all groups(p<0.05). These results suggest that bioinert nitrides ion plated Ti can resolve the existing problems of Ti and bioactive ceramics, and it may be clinically applicable to human.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.124-132
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• 1985

The work was conducted to clarify the development of testes and histological changes of the Seminiferous tubules that is the Surface area, diameter, length of the tubules and the process of Spermatic cells growth in Seminal epithelium in relation to Sexual maturity of the meat-type cockerels. In addition the present experiments were planned to gain some basic data helpful for the study of reproductive physiology in meat-type cockerels and also to compare the histological changes Seminiferous tubules between egg and general purpose type cockerels. 1. The growth pattern of body weight, testes and comb was classified into four phase according to age. Body weight increased up to about 2kg at 2nd stage and to 4.3kg at 4th stage while at 3rd stage the growth rate of body weight was slower. The tests developed slowly until 22 weeks of age with no correlation to the growth of body weight. However, it grew rapidly afterwards, reaching 27.79$\pm$9.26gm and 42.46$\pm$5.33 gm at 24 and 28 weeks of age, respectively. The spermatozoa was seen first at 24 weeks of age. On the other hand, comb grew at similar rate to the testes, weighing on the average 21.78$\pm$6.48gm and 41.42$\pm$1.25gm at 24 and 28 weeks of age, respectively. 2. The areal rate of the Seminiferous tubules to interstitial tissues was 66%:34% at 2 weeks of age and the rate of the former increased in comparison to that of the latter as they grew older, becoming 94%:7% between at 24 weeks of age, when the testes weight increased rapidly too. 3. Diameter of Seminiferous tubules at 2 weeks of age was 42.76$\pm$1.04$\mu$m and then it gradually increased as the testes grew until 22 weeks of age, when it grew rapidly, increasing about 2.9 times of those of 2 weeks and at last increased up to 5 times at 24 weeks. 4. Length of Seminiferous tubules was 4.5cm at 2 weeks and then it was gradually increased. At 22 weeks old the length of tubules was icnreased rapidly being 321 meter and increased more than double, being 658 meter at 24 weeks old. 5. The cells of Seminal epithelium developed poorly and the number of cells were relatively few until 16 weeks old. Afterwards the cells increased rapidly in number and at 18 weeks, the number became twice of those of 16 weeks, reaching 140.43$\pm$43.6. At 24 weeks the cells increased more rapidly, reaching to 10 layers and Spermatozoa were first time seen.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.14-17
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• 2015

Castleman's disease is an uncommon lymphoproliferative disorder. The disorder can be classified based on histological subtype, such as hyaline vascular type, plasma cell type, and mixed type, and can also be clinically divided into either unicentric or multicentric type. Its exact pathophysiology is not clearly identified. The unicentric type is able to be treated by surgical resection. However, there is no standard treatment modlity for the multicentric type. Treatment of multicentric type includes anti-cancer chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Recently, authors have experienced a rare case of unicentric type of Castleman's disease accompanying a mucoepidermoid carcinoma of parotid gland and report a case which is discussed with references.