• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.129-136
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• 2000

부화직후 자어는 전장 2.0 mm (n=10)이며, 약 $1,000{\times}590 {mu}m$ 크기의 난황낭과, 입방상피로 구성된 직선상의 소화관을 가진다. 전장 $3.5mm$ 자어의 소화관은 회전되어 있으며, 식도, 위, 장의 구분이 가능하며, 췌장에서는 외분비선이 관찰된다. 그리고 이 시기에 후장부에서는 점막주름과 호산성과립세포 및 선조연이 관찰된다. 전장 3.7mm시기에 난황은 완전 흡수되며, 전장부의 상피층 정단면에서 선조연이 구분된다. 전장 4.0mm 시기에 위에서 점막 주름의 형성과 췌장의 외분비선세포의 세포질에서 효소원과립이 확인되었다. 전장 $4.5{\~}5.0mm$ 시기에 간소엽의 구분이 가능하며, 장과 식도에서는 PAS에 양성을 보이는 점액분비세포들이 관찰된다. 전장 $6.3{\~}7.0mm$ 자어의 식도와 장에서는 조직충의 구분이 가능하다. 전장 9.0mm 시기에 위는 분문부, 체부, 유문부의 구분이 가능하며, 위체부에서 위선이 관찰되기 시작한다. 식도와 장의 조직학적 구조가 성체와 유사한 시기는 전장 $10.0{\~}11.0mm$의 치어기이며, 위는 전장 15.0mm에 성체와 유사한 조직학적 구조를 보였다. 본 연구 결과 감성돔의 기능적 소화관은 전장 15.0{\~}l7.0mm$의 치어기에 완성된다고 할 수 있다.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.71-82
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• 2008

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of Spirodelae Herba pharmacopuncture(SHP) on the adipogenesis in 3T3 cells, lipolysis in rat epididymal adipocytes and histological changes in porcine adipose tissue. Methods : Inhibition of preadipocyte differentiation and/or stimulation of lipolysis play important roles in reducing obesity. 3T3 preadipocytes were differentiated with adipogenic reagents by incubating for 3 days in the absence or presence of SHP ranging from 0.01 to $1.0mg/m{\ell}$. The effect of SHP on adipogenesis was examined by measuring glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase(GPDH) activity and by Oil Red O staining. Mature adipocytes from rat epididymal fat pad was incubated with SHP ranging from 0.01 to $1.0mg/m{\ell}$ for 3 days. The effect of SHP on lipolysis was examined by measuring free glycerol released. Fat tissue from porcine skin was injected with SHP ranging from 0.1 to $10.0mg/m{\ell}$ to examine the effect of SHP onhistological changes under light microscopy. Results : Following results were obtained from the preadipocyte proliferation and lipolysis adipocyte and histologic investigation of fat tissue 1. SHP showed the effect of decreased preadipocyte proliferation on the high dosage($1mg/m{\ell}$). 2. SHP showed the effect of decreased the activity of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) on the high dosage($1mg/m{\ell}$). 3. Investigated the changes in lipolysis of differentiated adipocyte after treated SHP, we knew that these pharmacopuncture showed increasing the effect of lipolysis in all concentration significantly. 4. Investigated the histological changes in porcine fat tissue after treated SHP, we knew that these pharmacopuncture showed significant activity to the lysis of extensive cell membranes on high dosage($10.0mg/m{\ell}$). Conclusions : These results suggest that SHP efficiently induces diminishing proliferation of preadipocyte and lipolysis in adipose tissue.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권12호
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• pp.5081-5086
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• 2016

Background: Pathological factors, based mainly on immunohistochemistry (IHC) and histological differentiation, are mostly used to differentiate breast cancer (BC) subtypes. Our present aim was to describe the characteristics and survival of a relapsing BC patient cohort based on clinico-pathologic subtypes determined for the primary tumors. Methods: We used a clinico- pathological definition of BC subtypes based on histological grade (HG), estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PgR),and epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 (HER2) expression assessed by IHC. We determined variables associated with loco-regional recurrence (LRR), second primaries (SP), systemic recurrence (SR) and post-recurrence survival (PRS). Results: Out of 1,702 patients, 240 (14%) had an event defined as recurrence. Those with recurrent disease were significantly younger than those without,and were initially diagnosed at more advanced stages, with larger tumors, greater lymph nodal involvement and higher HG. With a median follow up of 61 months (1-250), 4.6% of patients without recurrence and 56.6% of patients with an event defined as recurrence had died. The median PRS for the LRR group was 77 months; 75 months for those who developed a SP and 22 months for patients with an SR (p <0.0001). In SR cases, the median PRS was shorter for ER- tumors than for ER+ tumors (15 vs. 26 months, respectively; p = 0.0019, HR 0.44; CI: 0.25-0.44). Conclusions: Subtype, defined through classic histopathologic parameters determined for primary tumors, was found to eb related to type of recurrence and also to prognosis after relapse.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.145-161
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• 1999

The proto-oncogene bcl-2 confers a survival advantage to cells by blocking programmed cell death (apoptosis). Overexpression of bcl-2 probably plays a role in tumorigenesis, and the expression of the bcl-2 protein has been investigated in many kinds of tumors. An increased expression of nitric oxide synthetase(NOS) has been observed in human colon cancer cell lines as well as in human gynecological, breast, and CNS tumors. However there have been only a few reports on the expression of bcl-2 and $NOS_2$ in oral white lesions and cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the expression of Bcl-2 and $NOS_2$ and several pathological parameters such as histological types and layers. We reported desregulation of bcl-2 and $NOS_2$ expression during progression from oral white lesion, lichen planus and leukoplakia to squamous cell carcinoma. The obtained results were as follows: 1. Immunohistochemical analysis with monoclonal antibodies to bcl-2 oncoprotein and $NOS_2$ in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections revealed that bcl-2 expression is restricted to the basal cell layer and $NOS_2$ was mild expressed only in subepithelial inflammatory cells in normal human mucosa. There wasn't specific finding of those in lichen planus and leukoplakia. 2. Bcl-2 immunoreactivity in severe epithelial dysplasia or CIS occurs throughout the epithelium, $NOS_2$ reactivity in most superficial layer were noted. 3. In well-differentiated squamous cell carcinomas, mostly bcl-2 was overexpressed. In moderated and poor squamous cell carcinomas, the expression of $NOS_2$ was increased and that of bcl-2 was decreased. 4. The immunoreactivity of bcl-2 was 12.5% of normal mucosa, 30% of leukoplakia, 44% of lichen planus and 67% of carcinoma in situ. In carcinoma, those were 43%, 50% and 67% according to differentiation, respectively. 5. The immunoreactivity of $NOS_2$ was 25% of normal mucosa, 70% of leukoplakia, 78% of lichen planus and 100% of carcinoma in situ and epithelial dysplasia. In carcinoma, those were higher in moderated(100%) and poor(83%) squamous cell carcinomas than in well differentiated type(71%). 6. The expression of bcl-2 and $NOS_2$ by Western blot was increased highly in lichen planus and leukoplakia. Therefore, the expression of bcl-2 was increased in the white and precancerous lesions and that was decreased by differentiation of carcinoma. However, $NOS_2$ immunoreactivity in carcinoma in situ was lower than those in moderated and poor squamous cell. These findings suggest that the interaction of bcl-2 and $NOS_2$ may be roled importantly in growth and development of carcinoma.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.397-402
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• 2009

Objective : In this study, the authors assessed the ability of rat bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMDMSCs), in the presence of a growth factor, fibroblast growth factor-4 (FGF-4) and hydroxyapatite, to act as a scaffold for posterolateral spinal fusion in a rat model. Methods : Using a rat posterolateral spine fusion model. the experimental study comprised 3 groups. Group 1 was composed of 6 animals that were implanted with 0.08 gram hydroxyapatite only. Group 2 was composed of 6 animals that were implanted with 0.08 gram hydroxyapatite containing $1{\times}10^6/60{\mu}L$ rat of BMDMSCs. Group 3 was composed of 6 animals that were implanted with 0.08 gram hydroxyapatite containing $1{\times}10^6/60{\mu}L$ of rat BMDMSCs and FGF-4 $1{\mu}G$ to induce the bony differentiation of the BMDMSCs. Rats were assessed using radiographs obtained at 4, 6, and 8 weeks postoperatively. After sacrifice, spines were explanted and assessed by manual palpation, high-resolution microcomputerized tomography, and histological analysis. Results : Radiographic, high-resolution microcomputerized tomographic, and manual palpation revealed spinal fusion in five rats (83%) in Group 2 at 8 weeks. However, in Group 1, three (60%) rats developed fusion at L4-L5 by radiography and two (40%) by manual palpation in radiographic examination. In addition, in Group 3, bone fusion was observed in only 50% of rats by manual palpation and radiographic examination at this time. Conclusion : The present study demonstrates that 0.08 gram of hydroxyapatite with $1{\times}10^6/60{\mu}L$ rat of BMDMSCs induced bone fusion. FGF4, added to differentiate primitive $1{\times}10^6/60{\mu}L$ rat of BMDMSCs did not induce fusion. Based on histologic data, FGF-4 appears to induce fibrotic change rather than differentiation to bone by $1{\times}10^6/60{\mu}L$ rat of BMDMSCs.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.47-50
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• 2007

황점볼락, Sebastes oblongus은 다른 양식 품종보다 저수온에 대해 내성이 강하고 고가의 남해안 특산품종으로 알려져 있다. 이들의 효율적인 종묘생산과 육종학적인 연구를 위하여 인위적인 성성숙 조절의 기초자료로서 성분화에 대해 먼저 조사하였다. 시원생식세포는 출산 후 2일, 전장 3.0 mm 개체에서 장관과 중신 사이의 섬유성 간충직에 묻혀 식별되었다. 출산 후 71일의 치어에서, 생식소의 주변 부위에 강(cavity)을 형성하고 다수의 생식원세포로 구성된 생식소는 난소로 발달한다. 이 시기에 체세포들이 곡정세관을 형성하는 생식소는 정소로 분화된다. 초기 난모세포를 가지는 소형의 황점볼락은 출산 후 141일째의 치어들에서 나타났고, 정원세포 역시 이 시기에 관찰되었다. 따라서 황점볼락은 초기 성분화 단계에 자상을 거치지 않고 난소와 정소로 바로 분화되었다. 이들 종은 분화형의 자웅이체에 속한다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.129-142
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• 2002

Epithelial-mesenchymal interaction plays a important role in cell growth and differentiation. This interaction is already well known to have an importance during the organ development as well as cell growth and differentiation. However, in vitro experimental model is not well developed to reproduce in vivo cellular microenvironment which provide a epithelial-mesenchymal interaction. Because conventional monolayer culture lacks epithelial-mensenchymal interaction, cultivated cells have an morphologic, biochemical, and functional characteristics differ from in vivo tissue. Moreover, it's condition is not able to induce cellular differention due to submerged culture condition. Therefore, the aims of this study were to develop and evaualte the in vitro experimental model that maintains epithelial-mesenchymal interaction by organotypic raft culture, and to characterize biologic properties of three-dimensionally reconstituted oral keratinocytes by histological and immunohistochemical analysis. The results were as follow; 1. Gingival keratinocytes reconstituted by three-dimensional organotypic culture revealed similar morphologic characteristics to biopsied patient specimen showing stratification, hyperkeratinosis, matutation of epithelial architecture. 2. Connective tissue structure was matured, and there is no difference during stratification period of epithelial 3-dimensional culture. 3. The longer of air-exposure culture on three-dimensionally reconstituted cells, the more epithelial maturation, increased epithelial thickness and surface keratinization 4. In reconstitued mucosa, the whole epidermis was positively stained by anti-involucrin antibody, and there is no difference according to air-exposured culture period. 5. The Hsp was expressed in the epithelial layer of three-dimensionally cultured cells, especially basal layer of epidermis. The change of Hsp expression was not significant by culture stratification. 6. Connexin 43, marker of cell-cell communication was revealed mild immunodeposition in reconstitued epithelium, and there is no significant expression change during stratification. These results suggest that three-dimensional oragnotypic co-culture of normal gingival keratinocytes with dermal equivalent consisting type I collagen and gingival fibroblasts results in similar morphologic and immunohistochemical characteristics to in vivo patient specimens. And this culture system seems to provide adequate micro-environment for in vitro tissue reconstitution. Therefore, further study will be focused to study of in vitro gingivitis model, development of novel perioodntal disease therapeutics and epithelial-mensenchymal interaction.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제63권2호
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• pp.165-172
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• 2007

폐암의 발생은 여러 많은 유전자의 변화가 축적되어 나타나는 일련의 과정에 의한다. 세포 내 전사 조절 인자의 하나인 CBP는 폐를 포함한 인체 내 여러 조직에서 상피세포의 분화 및 증식에 중요한 역할을 담당하며, 유전자들에서 전사조절인자로서 세포의 성장에 관여하며 발암 과정에서도 중요할 것으로 기대된다. 이에 아직까지 폐암에서 CBP에 대한 연구가 확정된 바가 없어, 폐의 전암성 병변(상피 화생 20예, 이형성증 40예) 및 편평상피세포폐암 60예를 대상으로 하여 CBP의 발현정도를 면역화학적 방법으로 비교 분석하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1) 화생성 병변(7예; 35%)에 비해 이형성 병변(26례; 65%)이나 편평세포암종(42례; 70%)에서 CBP의 발현이 유의하게 높았다(p<0.05). 2) 이형성 병변의 경우, 경도의 이형성 병변(20예 중 10예; 50%)보다 고도의 이형성 병변(20예 중 16예; 80%)에서 높은 CBP의 발현율을 보였다(p<0.01). 3) 편평세포암의 분화도별로 살펴보았을 때, 고분화암에서 95%(20예 중 19예), 중등도 분화암에서 85%(20예 중 17예), 저분화 암에서는 30%(20예 중 6예)의 발현율을 보였다(p<0.05). 이상과 같은 결과를 볼 때, CBP는 폐 조직에서 정상 기관지 상피 세포가 전암성 병변으로 변하거나 전암성 병변이 암으로 진행하는 과정에서 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 보이며, 세포가 암으로의 발전할 수 있는 잠재성을 가늠하는 표지자가 될 수 있을 것으로 보인다.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.404-416
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• 2023

Objective: Daweizi (DWZ) is a famous indigenous pig breed in China and characterized by tender meat and high fat percentage. However, the expression profiles and functions of transcripts in DWZ pigs is still in infancy. The object of this study was to depict the transcript profiles in DWZ pigs and screen the potential pathway influence adipogenesis and fat deposition, Methods: Histological analysis of backfat tissue was firstly performed between DWZ and lean-type Yorkshire pigs, and then RNA sequencing technology was utilized to explore miRNAs, lncRNAs and mRNAs profiles in backfat tissue. 18 differentially expressed (DE) transcripts were randomly selected for quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (QPCR) to validate the reliability of the sequencing results. Finally, gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis were conducted to investigate the potential pathways influence adipocyte differentiation, adipogenesis and lipid metabolism, and a schematic model was further proposed. Results: A total of 1,625 differentially expressed transcripts were identified in DWZ pigs, including 27 upregulated and 45 downregulated miRNAs, 64 upregulated and 119 down-regulated lncRNA, 814 upregulated and 556 downregulated mRNAs. QPCR analysis exhibited strong consistency with the sequencing data. GO and KEGG analysis elucidated that the differentially expressed transcripts were mainly associated with cell growth and death, signal transduction, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), PI3K-Akt, adipocytokine and foxo signaling pathways, all of which are strongly involved in cell development, lipid metabolism and adipogenesis. Further analysis indicated that the BGIR9823_87926/miR-194a-5p/AQP7 network may be effective in the process of adipocyte differentiation or adipogenesis. Conclusion: Our study provides comprehensive insights into the regulatory network of backfat deposition and lipid metabolism in pigs from the point of view of miRNAs, lncRNAs and mRNAs.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.137-157
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• 1993

할미꽃의 재배화(裁培化)를 위한 기초실험(基礎實驗)으로 대량번식(大量繁殖) 체계(體系)의 확립(確立)과 품종개량(品種改良)에 있어 그 가능성(可能性)을 검토(檢討)하고자 엽조직(葉組織) 배양시(培養時) 적정한 배지(培地) 및 생장조절제(生葬調節制)의 종류(種類)와 농도(濃度)를 구명(究明)하고 약배양(葯培量)에 적합(適合)한 시기(時期)와 저온처리(低溫處理)에 의한 화분(花粉) 2형현상(型現象)및 캘러스 유기(誘起)에 미치는 효과와 식물체(植物體) 분화(分化)에 알맞는 배양조건(培養條件)에 관하여 조사 하였으며, 재분화(再分化)된 식물체(植物體)의 염색체수(染色體數) 및 동위효소(同位酵素) 분석(分析)을 하였다. MS 기본배지(基本培地)에서 엽조직(葉組織)으로부터 캘러스 유기(誘起) 및 생장(生長)에는 auxin 단독처리(單獨處理)보다는 zeatin과의 혼합처리(混合處理)에서 가장 양호하였다. Auxin 단독처리시(單獨處理時) IBA처리구(處理區)에서는 캘러스가 연색(緣色)을 띠는 경향(傾向)이었으나 auxin과 zeatin의 혼합첨가시(混合添加時) IBA는 오히려 연색(緣色)이 멸소(滅少)하였고, NAA와 2,4-D는 연색(緣色)이 증가하였으며 zeatin 1.0mg/l 과의 혼용(混用)에서 더욱 연색(緣色)이 증가하였다. 경엽분화(莖葉分化)는 auxin류(類)만의 단독처리(單獨處理)보다는 zeatin과의 혼합처리(混合處理) 효과가 현저하여 zeatin 1.0mg/l + NAA 1.0 mg/l에서 가장 양호(良好)하였으며 2,4-D는 경엽분화(莖葉分化)에 억제적으로 작용하였다. 근(根)의 발생(發生)은 MT배지(培地)가 MS, LS, $B_5$배지(培地)에 비하여 양호하였고 auxin 단독처리(單獨處理)보다는 zeatin과의 혼합처리(混合處理)가 효과적이었고 zeatin 2.0 mg/ㅣ + 1.0 mg/l 에서 근(根)의 발생(發生)이 가장 양호하였다. 자연상태(自然狀態)의 S 화분(花粉)은 35%였으나 $4^{\circ}C$에서 4일간 저온처리(低溫處理)한 경우에는 53%로 높아졌으며 약(約)으로부 터 캘러스 유기(誘起)에 가장 적합한 화분발육시기(花紛發育時期)는 1핵성(核性) 소포자기(小包子期)였다. 또한 1핵성(核性) 소포자기(小包子期)의 약(葯)을 $B_5$배지(培地)에 NAA $0.5mg/ㅣ + xeatin 1.0 mg/l$를 첨가(添加)하여 배양(培養)했을때 가장 양호한 캘러스 유기율(誘起率)을 나타내었으며 植物體分化(식물체분화)는 NAA 0.5 mg/l + zeatin 0.5 mg/l에서 가장 우수하였다. 약배양(葯培養)에서 2세포성(細胞性) 소포자(小胞子)의 균등 불균등분열의 비율은 비슷하였다. 약배양(葯培養)에 의한 캘러스를 MT 배지(培地)에 $NH_{4}NO_3,\;KNO_3$의 유(有) 무(無) 및 zeatin을 혼합첨가(混合添加)하여 배양(培養)했을때 식물체(植物體) 발생(發生)에 $NH_4NO3$가 $KNO_3$보다 효과적이었으며 zeatin 2.0 mg/l 에서 70.5%로 가장 양호하였다. 약배양유내(葯培養由來) 식물체(植物體)의 배수성(倍數性)은 반수체(半數體)(2n=8)가 28%, 2배체(培體)(2n=16)가 47%로 나타났으며 나머지는 3배체(培體), 4배체(培體)와 혼수체(混數體)였다. 분화(分化)된 캘러스, 반수성(半數性) 및 2배체(培體) 식물체(植物體)의 엽(葉)과 엽병(葉炳)을 동위효색(同位酵索) 분석(分析) 하였던 바 캘러스, 반수성(半數性) 식물체(稙物體) 및 2배체간(倍體間)에 E.S.T, P.X, M.D.H banding pattern에서 뚜렷한 차이를 나타내었으며 2배체(培體)의 엽(藥)과 약병간(藥炳間)에는 차이가 없었다.