• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제13권5호
• /
• pp.1935-1941
• /
• 2012

Introduction: Uterine sarcomas are a group of heterogenous and rare malignancies of the female genital tract and there is a lack of consensus on prognostic factors and optimal treatment. Objective and Methodology: To perform a retrospective evaluation of clinicopathological characteristics, prognostic factors and treatment outcomes of 93 patients with uterine sarcomas who were diagnosed and treated at 4 different centers from November 2000 to October 2010. Results: Of the 93 patients, 58.0% had leiomyosarcomas, 26.9% malignant mixed Mullerian tumors, 9.7% endometrial stromal sarcomas, and 5.4% other histological types. According to the last International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) staging, 43.0% were stage I, 20.4% were stage II, 22.6% were stage III and 14.0 % were stage IV. Median relapse free survival (RFS) was 20 months (95% confidence interval (CI), 12.4-27.6 months), RFS after 1, 2, 5 years were 66.6%, 44.1%, 16.5% respectively. Median overall survival (OS) was 56 months (95% CI, 22.5-89.5 months), and OS after 1, 2, 5 years was 84.7%, 78%, 49.4% respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that age ${\geq}60$ years and high grade tumor were significantly associated with poor OS and RFS; patients administered adjuvant treatment with sequential chemotherapy and radiotherapy had longer RFS time. Among patients with leiomyosarcoma, in addition to age and grade, adjuvant treatment with sequential chemotherapy and radiotherapy after surgery had significant effects on OS. Conclusion: Uterine sarcomas have poor progrosis even at early stages. Prognostic factors affecting OS were found to be age and grade.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제13권5호
• /
• pp.1809-1817
• /
• 2012

Background: Gastric cancer is frequently lethal despite aggressive multimodal therapies, and new treatment approaches are therefore needed. Retinoids are potential candidate drugs: they prevent cell differentiation, proliferation and malignant transformation in gastric cancer cell lines. They interact with nuclear retinoid receptors (the retinoic acid receptors [RARs] and retinoid X receptors [RXRs]), which function as transcription factors, each with three subclasses, ${\alpha}$, ${\beta}$ and ${\gamma}$. At present, little is known about retinoid expression and influence on prognosis in gastric cancers. Patients and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the expression of the subtypes RARa, $RAR{\beta}$, $RAR{\gamma}$, RXRa, $RXR{\beta}$, $RXR{\gamma}$ by immunohistochemistry in 147 gastric cancers and 51 normal gastric epithelium tissues for whom clinical follow-up data were available and correlated the results with clinical characteristics. In addition, we quantified the expression of retinoid receptor mRNA using real-time PCR (RT-PCR) in another 6 gastric adenocarcinoma and 3 normal gastric tissues. From 2008 to 2010, 80 patients with gastric cancers were enrolled onto therapy with all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA). Results: RARa, $RAR{\beta}$, $RAR{\gamma}$ and $RXR{\gamma}$ positively correlated with each other (p < 0.001) and demonstrated significantly lower levels in the carcinoma tissue sections (p < 0.01), with lower $RAR{\beta}$, $RAR{\gamma}$ and RXRa expression significantly related to advanced stages (p < =0.01). Tumors with poor histopathologic grade had lower levels of RARa and $RAR{\beta}$ in different histological types of gastric carcinoma (p < 0.01). Patients whose tumors exhibited low levels of RARa expression had significantly lower overall survival compared with patients who had higher expression levels of this receptor (p < 0.001, HR=0.42, 95.0% CI 0.24-0.73), and patients undergoing ATRA treatment had significantly longer median survival times (p = 0.007, HR=0.41, 95.0% CI 0.21-0.80). Conclusions: Retinoic acid receptors are frequently expressed in epithelial gastric cancer with a decreased tendency of expression and RARa may be an indicator of a positive prognosis. This study provides a molecular basis for the therapeutic use of retinoids against gastric cancer.

• 한국가금학회지
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.197-208
• /
• 1986

본 시험은 6가지 다른 사양방법이 White Plymouth Rock 육용종 웅계의 생체중, 정소, 계관 그리고 뇌하수체의 발육 및 성성숙에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여 부화후부터 22주령까지 2주간격으로 생체중, 정소, 계관 그리고 뇌하수체의 중량이 조사되었으며, 또한 정소조직과 정액성상이 조사되었다. 그 얻어진 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 생체중, 정소, 계관의 발육은 10주령 이후부터 무제한급이군들이 제한급이군들(무제한급이군들의 70%급이)보다 2주 더 빠름을 나타내었다. 정소 및 계관의 급증시기는 무제한급이군들에서 20주령이었고, 제한급이군들에서 22주령이었다. 2. 뇌하수체의 무게는 부화후부터 22주령까지 4주령, 14주령, 16주령을 제외하고 각 주령별, 각 처리군간에 유의성이 나타나지 않았다. 뇌하수체의 중량은 주령이 경과하면서 완만한 증가를 나타내었다. 3. 22주령까지에서 주령, 생체중, 정소, 계관 및 뇌하수체간에는 고도의 유의적인 상관관계를 나타내었다. 4. 세정관의 관경과 강경은 부화후부터 10주령까지 점진적으로 증가되다가 무제한 급이군들에서는 12주령부터 제한급이군들에서는 14주령부터 급증하기 시작하였고, 그 후에도 22주령까지 계속증가되었다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• 제32권10호
• /
• pp.883-890
• /
• 1999

Long term patency of arterial graft has been better than venous graft and redo coronary artery bypass grafting has been increasing, therefore, there has been an increasing need for alternative arterial grafts except internal thoracic artery(ITA). Material and Method: Right gastroepiploic arteries(RGEA) were harvested from 100 patients who had received gastrectomy for gastric cancer or ulcer. ITAs were obtained from 10 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. The length of RGEA was measured from the pyloric ring. Items of the morphometric and histologic study at the pyloric ring and sites of the 10cm and 20cm RGEA from the pyloric ring were luminal diameter, intimal thickness, medial thickness, wall thickness, degree of intimal hyperplasia, intimal thickness, medial thickness, wall thickness, degree of intimal hyperplasia, intimal thickness index, medial thickness index, and the number of discontinuities of the internal elastic lamina. Similar items were applied to the proximal site of ITAs. Result: The length of RGEA was 23${\pm}$2.7cm(range 17∼31cm). Comparing the 20cm RGEA with ITA, intimal thickness, medial thickness, wall thickness, and degree of intimal hyperplasia did not show any difference(p>0.05). However, 20cm RGEA was greater than ITA at the luminal diameter, intimal thickness index, and the number thickness and wall thickness in each site of the RGEA(pyloric ring, 10cm, 20cm) decreased from the pyloric ring to the distal sites(p<0.05). The degree of intimal hyperplasia and the number of discontinuities of the internal elastic lamina did not show any difference between the pyloric ring and 10cm, however, those of 20cm were smaller than these sites(p<0.05). RGEA had more number of discontinuities of the internal elastic lamina and rich smooth muscle cells in the media than ITA. Conclusion: The length and diameter of RGEA is good enough to reach most of the coronary arteries. Moreover, long term patency of RGEA may be improved, if anastomosed in the distal site.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
• /
• 제31권1호
• /
• pp.46-54
• /
• 2005

Purpose: This study was performed in order to compare the osseointegration of 4 different surfaced implants in the dog's tibia which has thick dense cortical bone and loose marrow space. Materials & methods: Four mongrel dogs and four different surface types of implants, smooth surfaced AVANA implants, RBM surfaced AVANA implants, HA-coated Steri-Oss implants and SLA Bicon implants, were used in this study. The animals were divided into 4 groups on the basis of implant surface characteristics: Control group, RBM group, HA group, and SLA group. Three implants of each group were installed into the metaphysis of tibia of adult dogs. The animals were sacrificed at 8 weeks after implantation. The undecalcified specimens were prepared for histological examination and histomorphometric analysis of implant-bone contact ratios. Results: Radiographically and histologically good osseointegration of implant was observed in the dense cortical bone, but poor osseointegration was observed in the marrow space. Histologically more bone apposition to implant surface was found in rough surfaced groups than the smooth surfaced, Control group. In histomorphometric findings of cortical bone the average bone-implant contact ratios of HA group (95.4%, p<0.01), RBM group (87.1%, p<0.05), and SLA group (86.0%, p<0.05) were significantly higher than that of Control group (75.9%). In marrow space the average bone-implant contact ratios of HA group (76.1%, p<0.01) and SLA group (45.4%, p<0.05) were significantly higher than that of Control group (29.6%). The ratio of RBM group was higher than that of Control group but there was no significantly difference between RBM group and Control group. Conclusion: These results suggest that the rough surfaced implants can obtain the better osseointegration than the smooth surfaced implant in the cortical and marrow space and that HA-coated implants can obtain the best osseointegration in the marrow space among them.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• 제41권4호
• /
• pp.176-184
• /
• 2011

Purpose: The final goal of regenerative periodontal therapy is to restore the structure and function of the periodontium destroyed or lost due to periodontitis. However, the role of periosteum in periodontal regeneration was relatively neglected while bone repair in the skeleton occurs as a result of a significant contribution from the periosteum. The aim of this study is to understand the histological characteristics of periosteum and compare the native periosteum with the repaired periosteum after elevating flap or after surgical intervention with flap elevation. Methods: Buccal and lingual mucoperiosteal flaps were reflected to surgically create critical-size, "box-type" (4 mm width, 5 mm depth), one-wall, intrabony defects at the distal aspect of the 2nd and the mesial aspect of the 4th mandibular premolars in the right and left jaw quadrants. Animals were sacrificed after 24 weeks. Results: The results from this study are as follows: 1) thickness of periosteum showed difference as follows (P<0.05): control group ($0.45{\pm}0.22$ mm)> flap-elevation group ($0.36{\pm}0.07$ mm)> defect formation group ($0.26{\pm}0.03$ mm), 2) thickness of gingival tissue showed difference as follows (P<0.05): defect formation group ($3.15{\pm}0.40$ mm)> flap-elevation group ($2.02{\pm}0.25$ mm) > control group ($1.88{\pm}0.27$ mm), 3) higher cellular activity was observed in defect formation group and flap-elevation groups than control group, 4) the number of blood vessles was higher in defect formation group than control group. Conclusions: In conclusion, prolonged operation with increased surgical trauma seems to decrease the thickness of repaired periosteum and increase the thickness of gingiva. More blood vessles and high cellular activity were observed in defect formation group.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• 제38권sup2호
• /
• pp.373-384
• /
• 2008

Purpose: The aim of this study is to compare the healing response of various Hydroxyapatite(HA) coated dental implants by Ion-Beam Assisted Deposition(IBAD) placed in the surgically created circumferential gap in dogs. Materials and methods: In four mongrel dogs, all mandibular premolars and the first molar were extracted. After an 8 weeks healing period, six submerged type implants were placed and the circumferential cylindrical 2mm coronal defects around the implants were made surgically with customized step drills. Groups were divided into six groups : anodized surface, anodized surface with 150nm HA and heat treatment, anodized surface with 300nm HA and heat treatment, anodized surface with 150nm HA and no heat treatment, and anodized surface with 150nm HA, heat treatment and bone graft, anodized surface with bone graft. The dogs were sacrificed following 12 weeks healing period. Specimens were analyzed histologically and histomorphometrically. Results: During the healing period, healing was uneventful and implants were well maintained. Anodized surface with HA coating and $430^{\circ}C$ heat treatment showed an improved regenerative characteristics. Most of the gaps were filled with newly regenerated bone. The implant surface was covered with bone layer as base for intensive bone formation and remodeling. In case that graft the alloplastic material to the gaps, most of the coronal gaps were filled with newly formed bone and remaining graft particles. The bone-implant contact and bone density parameters showed similar results with the histological findings. The bone graft group presented the best bone-implant contact value which had statistical significance. Conclusion: Within the scope of this study, nano-scale HA coated dental implants appeared to have significant effect on the development of new bone formation. And additional bone graft is an effective method in overcoming the gaps around the implants.

• 대한소아치과학회지
• /
• 제39권1호
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 2012

본 연구는 infiltrant resin을 침투시킨 초기 우식 병소의 특성을 평가하기 위해 법랑질의 깊이에 따른 경도를 측정하고, 병소 내로의 레진 침투양상을 분석하며, 미세누출 정도를 관찰하여 다음의 결과를 얻었다. 건전 법랑질에 대한 초기 우식 법랑질의 경도 백분율은 표층(5~40 ${\mu}m$) 64.6%, 병소본체(60~350 ${\mu}m$) 24.6%였으며, infiltrant resin을 침투시킨 병소의 경도 백분율은 72.1%로 나타났다. 5~350 ${\mu}m$의 전 깊이에서, infiltrant resin을 침투시킨 병소는 비처치 우식 병소보다 경도가 유의하게 높았지만 정상 법랑질에 비해서는 경도가 유의하게 낮았다(p<0.05). FESEM 관찰 결과 탈회된 법랑질 내부로 비교적 균일하게 침투한 레진 테그가 관찰되었으며, 침투깊이는 433 ${\mu}m$(282-501)로 측정되었다. 열순환 처리 후 13개의 치아에서 미세누출이 관찰되지 않았고, 5개에서 병소 외측 절반, 2개에서 병소 내측 절반까지 미세누출이 관찰되었다.

• 구강회복응용과학지
• /
• 제28권2호
• /
• pp.201-212
• /
• 2012

임플란트 주위조직과 치아 주위조직은 조직학, 형태학적으로 유사한 면이 있다. 특히 functional ankylosis라 불리는 티타늄과 연조직의 직접적인 상피부착은 치아주위 조직의 접합상피처럼 염증세포의 치근단으로의 이행 및 그로 인한 골흡수를 막는 역할을 한다. 그러나 반복적인 지대주의 착탈은 임플란트 주위 연조직의 mucosal barrier를 파괴하여 골흡수를 야기할 수 있다. 만일 지대주의 반복적인 착탈 없이 수술 시에 보철 지대주를 채결한다면 골흡수의 양을 줄일 수 있을 것이다. 이는 기존의 수술방법으로는 한계가 있었으나 Cone Beam Computed Tomography(CBCT)를 이용한 guided surgery를 이용함으로써 임플란트 식립의 3차원적 정확성의 비약적인 향상으로 이런 술식이 가능하게 되었다. 본 증례는 정밀한 CBCT를 통한 분석 후 지르코니아 맞춤 지대주를 미리 제작하고 수술 시에 즉시 지대주와 임시보철물을 연결한 경우로 임상적으로 만족할만한 결과를 얻어 이를 보고하는 바이다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• 제28권3호
• /
• pp.157-164
• /
• 2004

인삼재배지에서 나타나는 적변삼 외피세포 조직의 특성과 화학성분을 조사하였던 바 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 적변외피는 현미경 관찰결과 적색이 아닌 황색으로 보였으며, 적변외피의 세 포층수는 10∼13층으로 건전외피의 5∼6층에 비해 2배 정도 많았고, 외피층의 두께에 있어서는 적변외피가 179 $\mu\textrm{m}$로서 건전외피의 55$\mu\textrm{m}$에 비해 3.2배 정도 더 두꺼웠다. 2. 착색도는 적변외피가 건전외피에 비해 5.5배 정도 짙게 나타났으며, 적변물질의 각 추출분획별 용해도는 비극성 보다는 극성용매에서 높았고, 또한 UV-spectrum은 275∼280nm에서 흡광 최대를 나타냈다. 3. 적변외피는 지질성 물질은 물론 산불용성 에스테르화 페놀물질, 산불용성 결합 페놀물질, 산불용 축합성 페놀물질, 불용성 결합 페놀물질 및 유리 페놀 물질 함량이 건전외피에 비해 많았으며 철의 함량에 있어서도 적변외피가 2,220 ppm으로 건전외피의 820 ppm 보다 2.7배 정도 많았다. 4. 적변삼은 인삼뿌리가 분포된 근권환경의 어떤 외적환경에 의해 뿌리가 stress를 받을 때 자체방어 물질인 phenol 물질이 외피로 배출되면서 외피의 지질성 물질과 polymerization되고 이때 철(Fe)이 체놀성 물질과 강하게 chelating 되는 것으로 추정된다.