• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2001

This study was carried out to investigate and analyze the gross lesions of lungs in slaughtered pigs. Pigs were collected from the areas of Kyounggj, Chungbuk, Chungnam and Kangwon provinces from November to December 1999. One hundred-eleven pigs(17.4%) had lung lesions with various degrees among 639 pigs tested. By the standard scoring system, mean score of the lung lesion was 25.6+13.2. Regional prevalence of lung lesions were 23.5%(8/34)) in Kangwon, 17.3%(61/352) in Kyunggi, 15.7%(32/204) in Chungnam and 20.4%(10/49) in Chungbuk. Mean number of pulmonary lesions per pig were 2.87. Most frequent region with pulmonary lesions was right cranial lobe(30.1%) and the decreasing prevalence rates were followed by 23.8% in right middle lobe, 21.05 in right accessory lobe, 15.0% in left cranial lobe, and 5.0% in left middle and accessory lobe(5.0%) and also there was the same prevalent tendency on pulmonary lesions in each lobes of 111 pigs with gross lesion. Isolation rate of bacteria from the affected lungs was 72.1% and main pathogen was Pasteurella multocida. Gross and histological examination of pulmonary lesions in some pigs suggested that there were no marked changes regarded as the correlation with specific diseases except fibropurulent bronchopneumonia which was suspective of some respiratory bacteria including Pasteurella multocida and peribronchiolar lymphoid hyperplasia in varying degrees which was strongly associated with mycoplasmal infection. Consequently, the results in the study were suggested that there was consistently exposed against many causative factors including bacteria in the considerable number of pig herds rearing in the middle area in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.97-101
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• 2016

Emodin is an anthraquinone derivative from the roots of Rheum officinale Baill that possesses a variety of biological activities, including inhibition of $5{\alpha}$-reductase and prostaglandin D2. In this study, we investigated whether emodin promotes hair growth. After emodin was topically applied to the shaved dorsal skin of telogenic C57BL/6 N mice, the hair growth rate and morphological analysis were evaluated in dorsal skin for 15 days. After 13 days of treatment, minoxidil or emodin (0.01% or 0.1%)-treated groups showed remarkable regrowth of hairs relative to the vehicle control group. Scoring of the hair growth and rate of hair growth area for 15 days revealed that groups treated with minoxidil and 0.1% emodin were significantly higher than the vehicle control group. Histological examination revealed the emodin and minoxidil groups markedly recovered the number and morphology of hair follicles, including the subcutis depth, relative to the vehicle group. These results suggest that emodin has an excellent promoting effect in hair growth similar to that of minoxidil and might be useful for treatment of baldness or alopecia.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Environmental Biology Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.33-37
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• 2002

The present was performed to identify the effects of tributyltin (TBT) in the immature mice testes. 3-week-old male ICR mice were orally administrated on one time basis of TBT dose of O (Vehicle control, VC), 25 (TBT 25 mg/kg, T$_{25}$ ), 50 (TBT 50 mg/kg, T$_{50}$ ), 100 (TBT 100 mg/kg, T$_{100}$ ) mg/kg per each one. After 3 days the time treated of TBT, mice were sacrified and wighted body, testis, epididymis, seminal vesicle, vas deferens, and prostate. As the result of weighing, wights of each oragan and gonad index were tendency decresed in comparing groups of TBT treated with that (C) of unteated (p <0.05). As the result of examination of steroid hormones in the immature male mice, The concentrations of serum and intratesticular testosterone were significatly increased rather than the control group. But concentrations of estradiol were decresed objectly. A group of the highest change of concentrations of steroid hormones is T$_{100}$ . The high dose group, T$_{100}$ , was decreased all of concentrations of steroid hormones rather than those of T$^{25}$ . The result of observation with histological changes in testis showed a tendency for innercellular wall to increase damage and extinction in seminiferous tubles. As the result of investigation apoptotic cell numbers in the testis using teminal deoxy-nucleotidyl transferase -mediated dUTP-digoxygenin nick end-labeling immunohistochemical straia, The ratio of Apoptic cells significantly was incensed in depending on treatment of TBT does. In conclusion, these results shows that TBT triggers apoptosis on reproductive cell in testis and changes level of concentrations of steroid hormones in the immature male mice , as endocrine disruptors (EDs).

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.57-62
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• 2007

Non-vascularized free composite graft is one of the simple and effective reconstructive options, but its clinical use has been limited due to questionable survival rate. Early vascularization is essential for graft survival and is mainly carried out via recipient bed or repaired sites. This study was designed to investigate the effect of the lateral marginal approximations on the survival of the free composite flap using a model of skin-subcutaneous composite graft in rats. Thirty 1.5 ${\times}$ 1.5 $cm^2$ sized square shape composite flaps were elevated freely and reposed in place immediately on the dorsum of five Sprague-Dawley rats, and divided into five groups of six flaps. In all groups, graft bed was isolated with silastic sheet. In the group I, all sides of flap were repaired with blockage of silastic sheet insertion. Three, two, and one sides of flap were treated with same method in the group II, III, and IV respectively. Other sides of flaps were repaired without blockage, so all sides of flap were repaired in the group V. At 14 days later, the survived rate of each flap was evaluated according to the numbers of the repair sites. Histological examination was done for the evaluation of new vessel development quantitatively. Overall survived rates were increased with the number of repaired sites, but the group V only showed increased survival rate up to more than fifty percentile of the flap size with a significant difference statistically. New vessels were also increased in proportion with the number of repaired sites, and the repair site more than two had significant effect on the increased number of new vessels. In conclusion, at least more than three-fourth of flap circumference should be repaired in order to increase flap survival effectively under the condition of bed isolation.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.51-55
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• 2006

The plasmacytoid variant is an extremely rare form of urothelial carcinoma in which the malignant cells resemble those of plasmacytoma. We report the cytologic features of 3 cases of this disorder. All 3 patients were male and presented with painless macroscopic hematuria. The voided urine cytology revealed a few scattered clusters of tumor cells in a bloody background. Each tumor cell had an abundant amount of cytoplasm that was clear or densely stained and characterized by eccentrically located nuclei. A histological examination of tissue obtained from a radical cystectomy confirmed the cytologic diagnosis in each 3 case, revealing a diffusely infiltrating tumor composed of round, noncohesive tumor cells demonstrating a high nuclear grade. These cells had infiltrated the tunica propria in 2 cases, but were limited to the submucosa in 1 case. The tumor cells were plasmacytoid in appearance, each demonstrating an eccentric nucleus and dense cytoplasm, as seen in the cytologic findings. All of the tumors were immunoreactive for pancytokeratin, CK7, CK20; negative for epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), leukocyte common antigen (LCA), kappa, lambda, and CD79a. Thus, it is important to consider the plasmacytoid variant of urothelial carcinoma in addition to plasmacytoma or lymphoma as a diagnosis when encountering plasmacytoid tumor cells in a voided urine sample.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.69-73
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• 2007

Mammary carcinoma with osteoclast-like giant cells is an unusual neoplasm characterized by giant cells, mononuclear stromal cells, and hemorrhage accompanying a low grade carcinoma. We present the cytological findings in a case of invasive ductal carcinoma with osteoclast-like giant cells that was initially confused with a fibroadenoma, due to its well-demarcated and soft mass and the young age of the patient. A 28-year-old female presented with a 4.5 cm, well demarcated, soft and nontender mass in the right breast. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) showed a combination of low grade malignant epithelial cell clusters and osteoclast-like giant cells. The atypical epithelial cells were present in cohesive sheets and clusters. Osteoclast-like giant cells and bland-looking mononuclear cells were scattered. An histological examination revealed the presence of an invasive ductal carcinoma with osteoclast-like giant cells. We report here the cytological findings of this rare carcinoma in a very young woman. The minimal atypia of the epithelial cells and its soft consistency may lead to a false negative diagnosis in a young woman. The recognition that osteoclastlike giant cells are rarely present in a low grade carcinoma, but not in benign lesion, can assist the physician in making a correct diagnosis.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.6 no.6
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• pp.539-546
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• 2014

PURPOSE. Silk fibroin (SF) is a new degradable barrier membrane for guided bone regeneration (GBR) that can reduce the risk of pathogen transmission and the high costs associated with the use of collagen membranes. This study compared the efficacy of SF membranes on GBR with collagen membranes (Bio-$Gide^{(R)}$) using a rat calvarial defect model. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Thirty-six male Sprague Dawley rats with two 5 mm-sized circular defects in the calvarial bone were prepared (n=72). The study groups were divided into a control group (no membrane) and two experimental groups (SF membrane and Bio-$Gide^{(R)}$). Each group of 24 samples was subdivided at 2, 4, and 8 weeks after implantation. New bone formation was evaluated using microcomputerized tomography and histological examination. RESULTS. Bone regeneration was observed in the SF and Bio-$Gide^{(R)}$-treated groups to a greater extent than in the control group (mean volume of new bone was $5.49{\pm}1.48mm^3$ at 8 weeks). There were different patterns of bone regeneration between the SF membrane and the Bio-$Gide^{(R)}$ samples. However, the absolute volume of new bone in the SF membrane-treated group was not significantly different from that in the collagen membrane-treated group at 8 weeks ($8.75{\pm}0.80$ vs. $8.47{\pm}0.75mm^3$, respectively, P=.592). CONCLUSION. SF membranes successfully enhanced comparable volumes of bone regeneration in calvarial bone defects compared with collagen membranes. Considering the lower cost and lesser risk of infectious transmission from animal tissue, SF membranes are a viable alternative to collagen membranes for GBR.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.268-276
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• 1998

Dentigerous cyst is a cyst arising by a seperation of follicles from around the anatomical crown of an unerupted tooth within the jaws. The dentigerous cyst is seen during routine radiographic examination. It is detected radiographically as a sharply delineated, round or oval, unilocular, homogeneous, and radiolucent area within which there is the crown of an unerupted tooth. The histological appearance of the dentigerous cyst is usually attached to the tooth at the cementoenamel junction and the sac lined by a thin, regular. stratified squamous epithelium. The dentigerous cyst can be treated by two surgical procedures: enucleation or marsupialization. The size and location of the lesion usually dictates the surgical procedures. The marsupialization consists of the removal of only a portion of the wall of the cyst to make the remaining cystic lining continous with the oral mucosa. The cyst, deprived of its supporting hydrostatic pressure, gradually shrinks until it is obliterated. The marsupialization is the best way to conserve the tooth affected by a dentigerous cyst and to permit its eruption. especially in a young person. Main advantages of the marsupialization are its relative simplicity and its conservation with respect to adjacent important structures. In marsupialization technique, a plugger can be constructed, if necessary, to maintain the opening and prevent food debris from entering the cystic cavity. However, the disadvantage is the potentiality of leaving pathologic tissues. Therefore frequent recall appointments are advisable.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.31 no.8
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• pp.1308-1314
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• 2018

Objective: Gut health improvements were monitored with respect to growth performance, diarrhea incidence, fecal bacterial population and intestinal morphology of suckling pigs orally supplemented with live Lactobacillus salivarius (L. salivarius) oral suspensions and challenged with $F4^+$ enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC). Methods: Two groups of newborn pigs from 18 multiparous sows were randomly designated as non-supplemented (control: n = 114 piglets) and L. salivarius supplemented groups (treatment: n = 87 piglets). Treatment pigs were orally administered with 2 mL of $10^9$ colony-forming unit (CFU)/mL L. salivarius on days 1 to 3, then they were orally administered with 5 mL of $10^9CFU/mL$ L. salivarius on days 4 to 10, while those in control group received an equal amount of phosphate buffered saline solution. On day 24 (2 weeks post supplementation), one pig per replicate of both groups was orally administered with $10^8CFU/mL$ $F4^+$ ETEC, then they were euthanized on day 29 of experiment. Results: Results revealed that pigs in treatment group had a statistically significant increase in average daily gain, body weight and weight gain, and tended to lower diarrhea throughout the study. Numbers of Lactobacillus population in feces of treatment pigs were higher than control pigs, especially on day 10 of study. Numbers of total bacteria in intestinal contents of control pigs were also increased, but not Coliform and Lactobacillus populations. Histological examination revealed statistically significant improvements of villous height and villous/crypt ratio of duodenum, proximal jejunum and distal jejunum parts of treatment pigs compared with controls. Duodenal pH of treatment group was significantly decreased. Conclusion: Oral supplementation of live L. salivarius during the first 10 days of suckling pig promoted growth performance and gut health, reduced diarrhea incidence, increased fecal Lactobacillus populations and improved intestinal morphology.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.469-478
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• 2012

Sex hormones have long been considered to play an important role in bone turnover rate, periodontal diseases, and wound healing. We have studied the effect of porcine testis steroid extract (PTSE), an extract of porcine testes, which holds a good ratio of 19-nortestosterone (nandrolone), testosterone, androstenedione, $17{\beta}$-estradiol, and estrone, on the healing rate of a standardized full-thickness linear wound on the back of the rat. Skin punch or carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) laser methods were used to create the deep skin injury in two groups of animals. The animals were treated with the PTSE cream, control cream and Vaseline (control) to find out the effect in re-epithelialization, contraction, and formation of granulation and scar tissues. Histological examination after 21 days showed 100, 87.4, and 80.5% recovery of epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis, respectively in the PTSE-treated animals. Similarly, on the 15th day of treatment, complete healing of intact skin was observed in the PTSE cream-treated animals among the laser radiation group. Even though the beginning of re-epithelialization phase and completion of serum crust formation was also observed in the base cream- and Vaseline-treated animals respectively, the complete healing cycle was observed only in the PTSE-treated group. The white blood cell count in the PTSE-treated group showed that PTSE cream is nontoxic to animals.