• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.3-12
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• 1993

This study was performed to investigate effects of dietary fat content and degree of saturation on the function of the immune system. Sixty male BALB/c mice average-weighing 17g were divided into three dietary groups: 5% safflower oil group, 20% safflower oil group, 19.3% beef tallow & 0.7% safflower oil group. Food intake and body weight were measured every day. At 4th, 7th, 10th week after dietary treatment, organ weight measurements, delayed-type hypersensitivity test, plaque forming cell test, agglutination test, differential white cell count and histological examination of spleen were performed. Results are follows; 1) Body weight, food intake and calorie intake were not different in the three dietary groups during the experimental period($\alpha$=0.05). 2) Liver weight was significantly higher in 5% safflower oil group($\alpha$=0.05). Spleen index was slightly higher in mice fed 5% safflower oil and 19.3% beef tallow & 0.7% safflower oil. Thymus index in all mice was decreased by aging. 3) Delayed-type hypersensitivity of the mice fed 5% safflower oil and 19.3% beef tallow & 0.7% safflower oil was significantly higher than that of the mice fed 20% safflower oil. 4) The number of plaque forming cell was significantly reduced at 10th week compared to 7th week in all group($\alpha$=0.05). Although there was no difference in plaque forming cell among three groups at 10th week, 5% safflower oil group showed slightly higher plaque forming cell than 20% safflower oil group at 7th week. 5) At 4th week, agglutination test seems to be higher in 5% safflower oil group and 19.3% beef tallow & 0.7% safflower oil group compared to 20% safflower oil group. 6) Percentage of neutrophil and eosinophil was slightly reduced in 20% safflower oil group. 7) Spleen tissue was not affected by and dietary treatments. According to our results, the higher the fat content & unsaturation of the diet the lower the cell-mediated immunity of the mice. Humoral-immunity did not appear to be affected by the dietary manipulation. However humoral-immunity was decreased significantly by aging in all dietary groups.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.1419-1422
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• 2014

Objective: To summarize the endoscopic screening findings in high-risk population of esophageal and gastric carcinoma and analyze influential factors related to screening. Methods: In seven selected cities and counties with high incidences of esophageal carcinoma, people at age of 40-69 were set as the target population. Those with gastroscopy contradictions were excluded, and all who were voluntary and willing to comply with the medical requirements were subjected to endoscopic screening and histological examination for esophageal, gastric cardia and gastric carcinoma in accordance with national technical manual for early detection and treatment of cancer. Results: In three years, 36,154 people were screened, and 16,847 (46.60%) cases were found to have precancerous lesions. A total of 875 cases were found to have cancers (2.42%), and among them 739 cases had early stage with an early diagnosis rate is 84.5%. Some 715 patients underwent prompt treatment and the success rate was 81.8%. Conclusions: In a high-risk population of esophageal and gastric carcinoma, it is feasible to implement early detection and treatment by endoscopic screening. Screening can identify potential invasive carcinoma, early stage carcinoma and precancerous lesions, improving efficacy through early detection and treatment. The exploratory analysis of related influential factors will help broad implementation of early detection and treatment for esophageal and gastric carcinoma.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제63권2호
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• pp.171-177
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• 2020

Objective : To evaluate the neuroprotective effects of lacosamide after experimental peripheral nerve injury in rats. Methods : A total of 28 male wistar albino rats weighing 300-350 g were divided into four groups. In group I, the sciatic nerve exposed and the surgical wound was closed without injury; in group II, peripheral nerve injuries (PNI) was performed after dissection of the nerve; in group III, PNI was performed after dissection and lacosamide was administered, and in group IV, PNI was performed after dissection and physiological saline solution was administered. At 7 days after the injury all animals were sacrificed after walking track analysis. A 5 mL blood sample was drawn for biochemical analysis, and sciatic nerve tissues were removed for histopathological examination. Results : There is low tissue damage in lacosamide treated group and antioxidant anzymes and malondialdehyde levels were higher than non-treated and placebo treated group. However there was no improvement on clinical assessment. Conclusıon : The biochemical and histological analyses revealed that lacosamide has neuroprotective effect in PNI in rats. This neuroprotective capacity depends on its scavenger role for free oxygen radicals by increasing antioxidant enzyme activity.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.141-149
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• 2001

This study done to investigate the hypocholesterolemic effect of ow dietary fiber in a high cholesterol diet in aspect of cholesterol absorption and excretion using Sprague Dawley rats. After feeding diets containing 0.5% cholesterol and 5% tangerine pulp, sea tangle or prickly pear cactus for four weeks, we measured the levels of plasma and liver cholesterol and triglyceride, fecal neutral sterols and fecal radioactivity after ingestion 14(sup)C-cholesterol. We also examined platelet aggregation and histological change in liver tissues in association of hypercholesterolemia. The liver to body weight ratio was significantly(p<0.01) lower in rats fed prickly pear cactus than in other groups. The levels of plasma total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triglyceride were decreased significantly(p<0.01) in the prickly pear cactus group compared with the control, while there was no difference in the liver levels of total cholesterol and triglyceride among groups. Fecal corprostanol and cholesterol were significantly(p<0.01) higher groups of control and prickly pear cactus compared to the other two groups. Radioisotope excretion after ingestion of 14(sup)C-cholesterol was higher in the control group than in tangerine pulp group or sea tangle group, with the highest in prickly pear group. Radioisotope excretion was the highest during the 2nd and 3rd days in all groups. Hematocrit and platelet aggregation were decreased in all fiber groups compared to the control, but not statistically different. Microscopic examination showed that cholesterol diet cause a fat accumulation in the liver and prickly pear cactus decreased the fat accumulation. Result indicates that prickly pear cactus has hypocholesterolemic effect by decreasing absorption and increasing excretion of cholesterol, thereby protective effect on fatty liver. Control group fed diet containing high cholesterol and low fiber seems to have a self control system in cholesterol absorption and excretion preventing hypercholesterolemia. (Korean J Nutrition 34(2) : 141-149, 2001)

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.287-292
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• 2005

Objective: Recent clinical studies have demonstrated that intracisternal administration of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator(rt-PA) can facilitate the normal clearing of blood from the subarachnoid space. Urokinase, a first generation fibrinolytic agent, has been used to liquify such clots with some success. Therefore, recombinant tissue plasminogen activator, a second generation fibrinolytic drug that may be safer and more effective, is studied to evaluate its dosage to lyse clots in vitro and reactivity in the brain parenchyme. Methods: Intracerebral hematomas were created by stereotactically injecting 2ml of clotted autogenous blood into the brain parenchyme of total 28 anesthetized adult cats (weighting 3.8 to 4.1 kg). The control animals (group A) received 1 ml of normal saline injected into the clots and the experimental animals received each 0.1 mg of rt-PA (group B), 0.5mg of rt-PA (group C) and 1 mg of rt-PA (group D) at 6 hours after the clot injection. Results: 1. The amount of remained clots after lysing the hematomas were as follows: $1.80{\pm}0.17ml$ in group A, $1.65{\pm}0.23ml$ in group B, $0.61{\pm}0.37ml$ in group C and $0.52{\pm}0.34$ in group D. The result indicated that hematomas in rt-PA treated groups (C & D) were lysed better than the control group. 2. At least 0.5mg of rt-PA should be required for the lysis of 2ml of hematomas. 3. Light microscopic examination revealed no histological evidence of hemorrhage in tissue sections from each brain. Conclusion: Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator may be safely and effectively employed for the lysis of intracerebral hematomas in animal model.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.120-123
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• 2011

We present a rare case of optochiasmatic cavernous angioma (CA) that progressed despite radiation therapy. A 31-year-old female patient presented with sudden loss of left visual acuity and right homonymous hemianopsia. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a suprasellar mass and findings compatible with a craniopharyngioma or an optic glioma with bleeding. An open biopsy was conducted using the transcranial approach, and histological examination revealed gliosis. During the one-year follow-up period, imaging suggested intratumoral bleeding and the mass continued to grow. We recommended re-operation, but the patient refused due to fear of surgery. Consequently, the patient received fractionated radiation therapy (3,000 cGy) to the parasellar area. Despite the radiotherapy, the mass continued to grow for the following 6 years. The final MRI before definitive treatment revealed a multi lobulated, multistage hematoma with calcification in the parasellar area, extending into the third ventricle and midbrain. The patient ultimately underwent reoperation due to the growth of the tumor. The mass was completely removed with transcranial surgery, and the pathologic findings indicated a cavernous angioma (CA) without evidence of glioma. As shown in our case, patients may suffer intratumoral hemorrhage after biopsy and radiotherapy. This case places the value of biopsy and radiotherapy for a remnant lesion into question. It also shows that reaching the correct diagnosis is critical, and complete surgical removal is the treatment of choice.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.489-494
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• 2008

A patient complaining of chronic dull pain in the right maxillary area showed slight haziness and small ovoid radiopacity in the right antrum, which was not extended into the choanal area in radiographic views. At operation, lots of mucoid fluid admixed myxoid soft tissues was discharged and the polypoid mucosal tissues were removed. In histological examination, the removed tissues showed a polyp by the overgrowth of dermal connective tissues exhibiting severe myxoid degeneration. Throughout the entire specimen, the inflammatory reaction was diffuse but not so remarkable to produce the mucosal thickening and necrosis. The polypoid tissues were diffusely infiltrated with neutrophiles and plasma cells, but few eosinophils, resulted in the extensive myxoid degeneration together with severe vascular degeneration. Therefore, we suggest that the antral polyp is basically different in its pathogenesis and prognosis from the common maxillary sinusitis of odontogenic origin, thus the antral polyp should be carefully diagnosed when the inflamed antral lesion is recurred and diffusely degenerative with myxoid changes.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.308-315
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• 2004

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of promoted skin wound healing in skin defects with primary cultured oral mucosal keratinocytes. Materials and methods: Thirty adult female nude mice weighing $20{\pm}2g$ were used for the experiment. Primary cultured and suspended oral mucosal keratinocytes, labeled with BrdU, were scattered onto $1.5cm{\times}1.5cm$ sized full thickness skin defects in the experimental group(N=15), and no grafts were placed the control group(N=15). They were sacrificed at 3 days, 1 week and 2 weeks after the treatment respectively. Histological examination of each wounds were performed to review the healing progress on measuring the length from the wound margin to regenerating epithelial front. The role of keratinocytes were assessed by double immunohistochemical staining with Anti-BrdU and Anti-cytokeratin AE1/3. Results: In the experimental group the wound was completely covered with regenerating epithelia in 2 weeks, but partially regenerated in the control group. The immunohistochemical studies unexpectedly reveal that most of regenerating epithelial cells were induced from marginal epithelium of the margin, not from the scattered keratinocytes. Conclusion: We could successfully confirm that graft of primary cultured oral mucosal keratinocytes promotes the regeneration of skin defects.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권7호
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• pp.2909-2914
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• 2015

Objective: To investigate the protective effect of quercetin on radiation induced lung injury (RILI) and related mechanisms. Materials and Methods: Mice treated with radiation and/or quercetin were sacrificed at 1-8 weeks after irradiation under anesthesia. Lung tissues were collected for histological examination. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Western blotting were performed to detect the protein expression of nuclear factor-${\kappa}B$ ($NF-{\kappa}B$) and Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) pathway. Results: Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining showed that radiation controls displayed more severe lung damage than quercetin groups, either high or low dose. Results of IHC and Western blotting demonstrated the expression level of $NF-{\kappa}B$ to be decreased and that of an inhibitor of $NF-{\kappa}B$ ($I{\kappa}b-{\alpha}$) to be increased by the quercetin intervention compared with the radiation control group. Numbers of JNK/SAPK, p38 and p44/p42 positive inflammatory cells were decreased in the radiation+quercetin injection group (P<0.05). Conclusions: Quercetin may play a radio-protective role in mice lung via suppression of $NF-{\kappa}B$ and MAPK pathways.

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.91-104
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• 2011

Background : Although chronic non-bacterial prostatitis is increasing, it is hard to treat effectively. In western medicine, antimicrobials drug, ${\alpha}$-adreno-ceptor antagonists, anti-inflammatory drugs, tricyclic antidepressants and anticholinergic agents are used commonly, but chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndromes is confusing and frustrating for urologist. IDS(Indongsoyeom-bang) is used in treatment of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndromes. And it is reported that GLS(Gleditsiae spina) and TOF(Toosendan fructus) components of IDS have significant effect on protection of the glandular epithelial cells. Objective : In this study was conducted to investigate the therapeutic effects and action machanism of IDS in the rat model of non-bacterial prostatitis induced by castration and testosterone treatment. Methods : We observed six experimental objects of normal group, control group, testosterone group, and IDS 50 mg/kg, 200mg/kg, 400mg/kg group. Rats were treated with 17 ${\beta}$-estradiol after castration for induction of experimental non-bacterial prostatitis, which is similar to human chronic prostatitis in histophatological profiles. IDS and testosterone were administered as an experimental specimen and a positive control, respectively. The prostates were evaluated by histological parameters including the epithelial score and epithelio-stromal ratio for glandular damage. Also, the prostates were observed by Hematological alterations of WBC, RBC, hemoglobin and platelet. Results : While prostates of control rats revealed severe acinar gland atrophy and stromal proliferation, the rats treated with IDS-50 showed a diminished range of the tissue damage. Epithelial score was improved in IDS than that of the control. The epithelio-stromal ratio was lower in IDS when compared to that of the control. Also, the examination of bloods were not observed hematological change. Conclusion : These finding suggests that IDS may protects the glandular epithelial cells. We concluded that IDS could be a useful remedy agent for treating chronic non-bacterial prostatitis.