• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.18-26
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• 1995

In order to compare cytologic findings ol breast carcinoma in fine needle aspiration cytology (FANC) with histologic findings and prognostic factors including histologic grading, lymph node metastasis and stage, 79 cases of infiltrating ductal carcinoma diagnosed by FANC and confirmed by histology were analysed. We especially attempted to col relate nuclear grade, cellularity and smear pattern with histologic grade, type, status of lymph node metastasis and stage. The results are as fellows. 1. High nuclear grade was correlated with high histologic grade, lymph node metastasis and advanced stage. 2. Individual cell pattern was more frequently identified in high histologic grade and scirrhous or solid-tubular type than in low histolgic grade and papillotubular type. 3. Cellularity increased with higher histologic grade and lymph node metastsis. However cellularity was low in scirrhous type. 4. There is no relationship between nuclear grade and histologic type, between smear pattern and lymph node metastasis or stage, and between cellularity and stage. These results suggest that cytologic findings of breast carcinoma such as nuclear grade, cellularity and smear pattern are indicative of histologic findings in relation to histolgic grade and type. Especially, nuclear grade of FANC may yield valuable prognostic information.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.241-245
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• 2015

The desmoplastic variant of ameloblastoma is a rare form of ameloblastoma characterized by unique radiographic and histologic features. A 46-year-old female was referred to our hospital, complaining of swelling in the left upper lip area. Radiographic findings revealed an ill-defined multilocular lesion with a large cystic lesion and thick sclerotic trabeculae on the left anterior maxilla. After the patient underwent partial osteotomy, histologic analysis revealed a desmoplastic ameloblastoma with no evidence of a hybrid lesion or cyst formation. The radiographic findings in the present case were different from those described in previous case reports. These findings are of special importance due to the unfamiliar radiographic and histologic features of this lesion.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.373-382
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• 2000

Temporomandibular disorders arised from joint itself was caused by inflammation or mechanical irritation of the retrodiskal tissues. Histologic changes of the retrodiskal tissues of temporomandibular joint(TMJ) internal derangement, such as inflammatory cell infiltration, hyalinization, myxoid change, fatty change, arterial obliteration, and so on, were reported, but relationships between magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) findings and histologic findings of the retrodiskal tissue were few reported. The purpose of this study was to find histologic changes of the retrodiskal tissues for status of joint and joint effusion in MRI of the temporomandibular joint which had surgical treatment. Materials were surgically treated 52 temporomandibular joints with internal derangement or osteoarthritis in TMJ clinic, Yongdong Severance Hospital. All joints were confirmed by magnetic resonance T1- and T2-weighted imagings bofere surgery. Status of joint was categorized by normal position, disc displacement with reduction, disc displacement without reduction, disc displacement without reduction associated with osteoarthrosis using preoperative MR T1-weighted images. Magnetic resonance evidence of joint effusion was observed in T2-weighted images and classified by its amount; degree 0(not observed), degree 1(small amount), degree 2(moderate amount), degree 3(large amount). Histologic features were observed whether the retrodiskal tissue has inflammatory cell infiltration, myxoid change, hyalinization, chondroid metaplasia and arterial obliteration. The distribution of elastic fibers were also observed. The results were as follows; 1. Inflammatory cell infiltration was not observed in any retrodiskal tissues. 2. MRI findings such as status of joint and evidence of joint effusion did not have significant relationship with myxoid change, hyalinization, chondroid metaplasia, arterial obliteration of the retrodiskal tissues. 3. Hyalinization and chondroid metaplasia were found in 8 joints(15.4%) and 5 joints(9.6%). All of them were found in disc displacement without reduction and disc displacement without reduction associated with osteoarthrosis. 4. Arterial obliteration was observed more frequently in disc displacement without reduction(55.6%) than disc displacement without reduction associated with osteoarthrosis(28.6%). Further studies with proper controls and more materials will be necessary.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.17
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• pp.7541-7546
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• 2015

Aim: To report the histologic findings on Whipple resection specimens and thus determine the extent and spread of carcinomas of ampullary region and head of pancreas in our population. Setting: Section of Histopathology, Department of Pathology, Aga Khan University Hospital (AKUH), Karachi, Pakistan. Materials and Methods: A case series of 311 consecutive Whipple resection specimens received between January 1,2003 and December 31, 2014. Specimens processed for histologic sections and representative sections submitted and histologically examined as per established and standard protocols. All relevant tumor parameters including histologic type, histologic grade, pathologic T and N stage and tumor size were assessed. Epidemiologic data were also recorded. All findings were analysed using SPSS 19.0 software. Results: Ampullary (periampullary) carcinomas were much more common than carcinomas of the head of the pancreas, especially in males, with an average age of 53 years. Mean tumor size was 2.5 cms, over 54% were well differentiated. A large majority were pT2 or pT3 and N0. Carcinomas of pancreatic head were also more common in males, mean age was 55 years, mean tumor size was 3.5cms, and over 65% were moderately differentiated. The majority were T2 or T3 and pN1. Prognostically, significant statistical correlation was seen with tumor grade and pathologic T and N stage (p values statistically significant). However, tumor size was not statistically significant. Conclusions: Ampullary carcinomas are more common compared to pancreatic carcinomas. Majority of ampullary carcinomas were well differentiated while majority of pancreatic carcinomas were moderately differentiated. Large majority of both types of cases were pT2 or T3. Histologic tumor grade and pathologic T and N stage are significantly related to prognosis in Pakistani patients with ampullary and pancreatic cancers.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.77-83
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• 1995

Malignant fibrous histiocytoma was classified as fibrosarcoma, liposarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma in times past and it was first introduced in 1963 to refer to a group of soft tissue tumors and reported in bone in 1972. It was postulated that the origin of tumor cell was derived from histiocytes that could assume the appearance and function of fibroblasts("facultative fibroblasts") at first. But, recently the immunohistochemical studies suggested origin from a primitive mesenchymal cell. The malignant fibrous histiocytoma were commonly misdiagnosed as other tumors such as myxoid liposarcoma, pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma, osteogenic sarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, malignant schwannoma, giant cell tumor, hemangiopericytoma, dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans due to the broad morphologic spectrum. The seventeen cases of the malignant fibrous histiocytomas diagnosed at Hanyang University Hospital since 1979 were reviwed, and the suggestions are as follows : 1. No fundamental histologic differences between the MFHs of soft tissues and bones. 2. The other tumors must be excluded in order to diagnose MFH due to wide histologic variety of MFH. 3. The review of the initial tissue slide was necessary for adequate diagnosis because the recurrent MFHs showed different histologic findings from original tumors.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.130-136
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• 1994

Urinary cytology is increasingly accepted as a diagnostic tool in the detection and follow-up of patients with bladder cancer. However, its value is reduced by several limitations, especially by the lack of cytologic criteria specifically reflecting the morphology of low-grade urothelial neoplasm. We reviewed histologically proven 50 cases of urine cytology with emphasis on cytologic findings of benign atypia and differential findings of urothelial neoplasm according to the grade. The diagnoses included 17 benign lesions(including 5 cases of urine calculi) and 33 malignant lesions (including 28 transitional cell carcinomas, 3 squamous cell carcinomas, 1 adenocarcinoma and 1 prostate adenocarcinoma), Diagnostic accuracy was 92%. Important cytodiagnostic criteria for benign atypia and low grade malignancy were cellularity, number of cell clusters, and morphology and arrangement of urothelial cells. The cytologic findings of urothelial neoplasms according to histologic grade were relatively well correlated with the histologic findings. However, the cytologic criteria were not sufficient to readily distinguish grade I from grade II. In view of this, we think that cytologic nomenclature "low-grade" and "high-grade" is a more reliable criterion. Recognition of subtle cellular morphologic features specific for urothelial lesions(including benign or malignancy) and proper fixation, processing and staining of specimen can expand the role of urinary cytology In detection and follow-up of patients.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.1-28
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• 1990

The severe atrophic edentulism with poor neuromuscular control militates against successful conventional denture therapy. To such situation, a prescribing of dental implant treatment has been considered with some probability. Implant materials used as a trial for dental implants includes metals, plastic polymers and ceramics. The purpose of this study was to observe histologic response in osseointegration process at titanium implant-tissue interface based on biocompatibility at specific period of sequential natures which were divided into a half month, one, month, two months, three months and immediate as a base line. In this study, unilateral lower left premolar and molar teeth were extraced in three dogs. After allowing to heal for 6 months, three kinds of osseointegrated implant, $Br{\aa}nemark$, Corevent and kimplant(a prototype of SNU implant study)were inserted in each dog respectively according to the above sequence from front to back. The specimens were taken from those dogs at the same time since implant were inserted quite reverse order of the specified periods, and decalcified and processed for histologic examination for the light microscopy and the electron microscopy. The microscopic histologic findings at the interface between titanium implants and tissue were interpretated as follows : A. Light microscopic findings : a. Immediate : Implant were surrounded by compact bone and spongy bone. Microcrak was observed in the superficial bone tissue. Osteocytes were disappeared and bone lacunae were observed as a vacant space in some parts. In the contacting with the spongy bone, bone trabeculae and bone marrow were in contact with the implant. b. A half Month : Osteoblasts exist as a monolayer in th inner bone trabeculae and do bone additiocn. Osteoblasts&inflammatory cells were observed in some parts. c. One Month : The presence of osteoclasts decreased. Osteoblasts did active bone fromation, and bone marrow was in contact with the implant in the many places. d. Two Months : Bone formation was advanced in comparison with the b and c. The presence of osteoclsts was not observed. e. Three Months : The superficial bone tissue contacted with the implants was entirely composed by the compact bone. B. Electron microscopic findings : a. A half month and one month group : In the parts of the active bone formation, osteoblasts with the well developed endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus were arranged in the monolayer. In the parts of the bone resorption, ruffled border was well developed and many osteoclasts with the well-developed golgi apparatus, mitochondria, vacuole, vesicle and lysosome were existed. b. Three months group : No osteoblasts were observed in the superficial bone tissue. Bone matrix with collaen fiber was observed. c. No significant dirrerence in the histologic findings was observed in $Br{\aa}nemark$, Core-vent and kimplant.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2001

Purpose: To evaluate the histologic effect(LM and EM findings)of nonablative LASER and thermal energy on knee joint capsule of rabbit. Material and Methods: The nonablative LASER and thermal energy was applied to the rabits(average age 36 weeks, weight 5 ㎏). There were divided into 4 groups with 6 rabbits in each. The group I received 6 watts of LASER, group Ⅱ 12 watts of LASER, group Ⅲ 60° of thermal energy, and group Ⅳ 70° of thermal energy. The histologic study included H-E, Massons trichrome stain and electron microscopy at immediate, 3 weeks and 6 weeks after operation. Results: The histologic finding in immediate after operation was shown a fibrous degeneration of collagen on all groups and related to the energy level. The histologic finding after 3 weeks showed fibrosis and this fibrosis related the level of energy. Especially the group IV was shown flattening of capsule and deep fibrosis. The histologic finding after 6 weeks was shown marked recovery of collagen arrangement and capillary proliferation in group Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ. But in the group Ⅳ not recovered. Conclusion: The nonablative LASER or thermal energy can cause degeneration, fibrosis and contracture of joint capsular collagen.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.220-231
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• 1992

We have performed 28 single lung transplantation in mongrel dogs transplanting the left lung exclusively from November 1989 to September 1991, in the department of thoracic surgery of Seoul National University Hospital. In the donor dogs, the main pulmonary artery was divided proximal to its bifurcation, and the left atrium was incised freeing the left veins with a generous atrial cuff. We used cold saline in the first 7 transplantations and Euro-Collins or modified Euro-Collins solution in the remaining 17 transplantations as a lung preservatives. The bronchus was divided at two cartilage rings proximal to the upper lobe bronchus take off. In the recipient procedure, we used a Fogarty catheter as a bronchus block. Left atrial anastomosis was performed first using 5-O prolene and the pulmonary artery was anastomosed using 6-O prolene. The bronchus was anastomosed next with 4-O vicryl interruptedly and covered with a greater omentum which had been prepared previously. All dogs received cyclosporin A and azathioprine as immunosuppressants and were divided into two group. In the 10 Group I dogs, they survived within 6 days, mean survival time was 66.8$\pm$53.4 hours. In remainder 14 Group lI dogs, they survived above 6 days, mean survival time was 9. 5$\pm$5.6 days. The cause of death were as follows: 2 cases of sacrifice, 2 cases of respiratory insufficiency during operation, 2 cases of arrhythmia immediate postoperatively, 2 cases of bleeding, others in Group I, and 6 cases of sacrifice, 4 cases of sepsis, 3 cases of bleeding, others in Group lI. Results of bronchoscopic findings were obstruction above 50% in 12 cases of 16 performance cases within 5th day. Early chest radiologic haziness were showed, and total lung perfusion defect was frequently showed in both group within 7th day. Main autopsy findings were left atrial and pulmonary arterial thrombi and bronchial obstruction The major histologic findings of Group I were pleural exudate, hemorrhagic infarct, pulmonary congestion, and interesting histologic findings of Group II were 3 cases of perivascular or peribronchial lymphocyte infiltration, 3 cases of hemorrhage infarct, 2 cases of interstitial pneumonitis. The structual change of bronchioles, suggesting bronchiolitis obliterans was not observed due to improper preparation of proximal pulmonary tissue and short term survival times.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.139-146
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• 1990

The application of fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology to the soft tissue tumors had been neglected. In recent years, however, FNA has been used increasingly in the preoperative diagnosis of these tumors due to its usefulness and accuracy. We present 3 cases of liposarcoma, myxoid, myxoid with round cell, and pleomorphic, diagnosed by FNA cytology with histologic confirmation. Good correlation between histologic and FNA cytologic findings was found. Although the cytologic appearances of liposarcomas varied with histologic type, the main criterion was the presence of atypical multivacuolated lipoblast with characteristically scalloped nuclei.