• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.161-170
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• 1990

The effects of $H^{+}$ on the arterial contraction and their mechanisms were investigated in the renal artery of a rabbit. The helical strips of isolated renal artery were immersed in the HEPES-buffered or $CO_{2}/HCO_{3}^{-}$-buffered Tyrode's solution. The contractions induced by agonists (norepinephrine, histamine, serotonin and angiotensin II) or high $K^{+}$ were observed with change of extracellular or intracellular $H^{+}$ concentration. The contractions induced by norepinephrine, histamine, serotonin, angiotensin II or high $K^{+}$ in HEPES-buffered Tyrode's solution were inhibited by increase in extracellular $H^{+}$ concentration and potentiated by decrease in extracellular $H^{+}$ concentration. The degrees of these effects were most evident in the contraction induced by serotonin and angiotensin II, moderate in those by histamine and high $K^{+}$, and least in those by norepinephrine. Maximal contraction by norepinephrine, histamine and high $K^{+}$ were not influenced by change in extracellular $H^{+}$ concentration, but influenced in those contration by serotonin and angiotensin II. The attenuated contractions by an acidic pH were not returned to the level of contraction at normal pH (7.4) by elevation of extracellular $Ca{2+}$ concentration. The agonists (norepinephrine, histamine and serotonin)-induced contractions in $Ca{2+}$-free Tyrode's solution were also attenuated by increase in extracellular $H^{+}$ concentration and potentiated by decrease in extracellular $H^{+}$ concentration. Elevation of $Pco_{2}$ in the $CO_{2}/HCO_{3}^{-}$-buffered Tyrode's solution, which increase the intracellular $H^{+}$ concentration, at constant extracellular pH (7.4), increased the contraction by 30 mM $K^{+}$. From the above results, it is suggested that the decrease in contractions by increase in extracellular $H^{+}$ concentration may be resulted from that $H^{+}$ make the receptors less sensitive to agonists and cell membrane hyperpolarize and then inhibit the $Ca{2+}$ influx as well as $Ca{2+}$ release from intracellular $Ca{2+}$ storage site.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.51-66
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• 2005

Purpose : Investigate the effects of Haeganjeon water extract (HGJ) on immobilization-stress or cold-stress in C57BL/6J mice. Methods : Male C57BL/6J 30 mice of weighting 18${\pm}$2g, were divided into sixs groups including the immobilization-stress group(5heads), after immobilization-stress HGJ oral administration(500mg/kg) groups(5heads), cold-stress group(5heads) and after cold-stress HGJ oral administration(500mg/kg) groups(5heads). then we observed changes in the serum histamine and corticosterone level and changes immune system. Results : HGJ decreased the serum level of histamine and corticosterone increased by immobilization-stress or cold-stress. HGJ inhibited the release of histamine from mast cells. In addition, HGJ enhanced the cell viability of thymocytes decreased by immobilization-stress or cold-stress and decreased DNA fragmentation of thymocytes increased by immobilization- stress or cold-stress. Also, HGJ increased the cell viability of splenocytes decreased by cold-stress and decreased DNA fragmentation of splenocytes increased by cold-stress. HGJ decreased the population of thymic CD4+ cells increased by immobolization-stress. HGJ increased the population of B220+ cells decreased by immobilization-stress and decreased the population of Thy1+ cells increased by immobilization-stress. Also, HGJ decreased the population of splenic CD4+ cells increased by immobolization-stress. HGJ enhanced the production of ${\gamma}-interferon$ decreased by immobilization-stress or cold-stress and increased the production of interleukin-4 decreased by immobilization-stress. Furthermore, HGJ enhanced the phagocytic activity decreased by immobilization-stress or cold-stress and enhanced the level of nitric oxide decreased by immobilization-stress or cold-stress. Conclusion : HGJ may be useful for the prevention and treatment of stress via suppression of serum histamine and corticosterone level and enhancement of immune response.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.1808-1814
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• 2009

In our previous study, a new herbal preparation (HemoHIM) was developed as a functional food for the radioprotection and immunomodulatory agents. In order elucidate the mechanism involved, we examined the effect of HemoHIM on the compound 48/80-induced histamine release, and on the phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)/calcium ionophore (A23187)-induced inflammatory cytokine secretion in HMC-1. The cell culture supernatants were harvested, and the cytokines (IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-$\alpha$, GM-CSF) in the supernatants were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The total RNA of the cells was extracted, and the cytokines or c-kit/tryptase/Fc$\varepsilon$RI's messenger RNA expressions were examined using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Under low concentrations, HemoHIM inhibited histamine release in HMC-1 stimulated compound 48/80. Furthermore HemoHIM inhibited PMA/A23187-induced inflammatory cytokines' secreation or mRNA expression in a dose-dependent manner. But IL-8 secretion was not inhibited by low concentrayion of HemoHIM, respectively. The mRNA expression of c-kit and Fc$\varepsilon$RI were also inhibited in a dose-dependent manner. Tryptase mRNA expression was only inhibited by low concentration of HemoHIM. These results indicated that HemoHIM might be an useful agent for protection against allergy as well as immune modulation, especially since it is a relatively nontoxic natural product.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.46-61
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• 2009

Background and Objectives : Allergic Contact Dermatitis is the disease affected by industrialization. The more industrialization advanced, the more materials that could induce the allergic contact dermatitis have been increased. Therefore in oriental medicine, various studies have been performed. The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of Naetakchunkeum-san on the Allergic Contact Dermatitis induced by 2,4-dinitro-chlorobezene(DNCB). Meterial and Methods : Twenty eight mice were divided into four groups ; normal, control, experimental group A and B. Control and experimental group were induced allergic contact dermatitis by DNCB. Experimental group A was orally administered the Naetakchunkeum-san and experimental group B was orally administered the prednisolone. In this study, ear thickness measurement, observation auricle microphotograph, Myeloperoxidase(MPO) activity measurement, Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) analysis of the mRNA level of $TNF-\alpha$, $IL-1\beta$, $INF-\gamma$ were performed on these four groups. In addition, the effect of Naetakchunkeum-san on cell viability and the effect of Naetakchunkeum-san on the compound 48/80-induced histamine release from HMC and RPMC were measured, Results : 1. In contact hypersensitivity assay, experimental group A and B showed decreased ear thickness compared with control group, 2. In experimental group A, pathological lesion of dermatitis were alleviated. In addition, the numbers of infiltrated cells were reduced, and cleft was not shown compared with control group, In experimental group B, similar results were shown. 3. There was a significant increase in MPO activity in control group compared with normal group, Experimental group A and B significantly inhibited the increase in MPO activity compared with control group. 4, The level of expression of $TNF-\alpha$, $IL-1\beta$, $INF-\gamma$ in experimental group A and B were significantly lower than those in control group. As the internal control, cyclophilin mRNA was also reverse-transcribed and amplified. 5, In MTT assay, there were no statistically significant differences in 100 ${\mu}g/ml$, 200 ${\mu}g/ml$, 500 ${\mu}g/ml$, 1000 ${\mu}g/ml$ Naetakchunkeum-san treated group from 0 ${\mu}g/ml$ Naetakchunkeum-san treated group as determined by the Tukey test. 6. Naetakchunkeum-san dose-dependently inhibited the compound 48/80-induced histamine release from both HMC and RPMC. Conclusions : According to above experiments, Naetakchunkeum-san may be applied to allergic contact dermatitis.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.1511-1516
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• 2007

Basophils and mast cells play an important role in $Fc{\varepsilon}RI-mediated$ allergic reaction as effector cells. We studied the effects of Acanthopanax chiisanensis on $Fc{\varepsilon}RI\;{\alpha}$ chain expression in human basophilic KU812F cells. Ethanol extracts from root and stem of A. chiisanensis were tested for inhibitory effects of $Fc{\varepsilon}RI\;{\alpha}$ chain expression. The cell surface $Fc{\varepsilon}RI\;{\alpha}$ chain expression was examined by flow cytometric analysis. All of the extracts of A. chiisanensis reduced the cell surface $Fc{\varepsilon}RI\;{\alpha}$ chain expression. Furthermore, A. chiisanensis extracts caused a decrease in the level of $Fc{\varepsilon}RI\;{\alpha}$ chain mRNA level and $Fc{\varepsilon}RI-mediated$ histamine release. These results suggest that root and stem extracts of A. chiisanensis play an important role in anti-allergic activity via down-regulation of $Fc{\varepsilon}RI\;{\alpha}$ chain expression and decrease in release of inflammatory mediator such as histamine.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.47-56
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• 2008

Risperidone is a widely prescribed atypical antipsychotic agent. Approved by the FDA as the first drug to treat irritability associated with autism in children, it is also used to treat tic disorder and Tourette's syndrome. Its adverse reactions related to dentistry include dry mouth, the mechanism of which is yet to be identified. The aim of this study is to identify, at the cellular level, how and to what extent risperidone affects intracellular free calcium concentration ($[Ca^{2+}]_i$), an primary intracellular factor in the regulation of fluid secretion in salivary gland cells. The human salivary gland cell line (HSG) was grown in MEM supplemented with 10% BCS. In order to measure $[Ca^{2+}]_i$, Fura-2/AM was loaded in the HSG, and fluorescence at 340 nm/380 nm excitation was measured in the 500 nm emission ratio. After every experiment, a calibration experiment was conducted in order to readjust the ratio to the actual $[Ca^{2+}]_i$. Changes in $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ were measured in the presence of carbachol, ATP and histamine. The researcher then explored how the pretreatment of risperidone affected such changes. Findings of this study include: 1. In HSG, $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ increased due to the addition of carbachol, ATP and histamine. The presence of risperidone inhibited the action of histamine on this process, while making little effect on that of carbachol and ATP. 2. A quantification of $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ in relation to histamine of different concentrations indicates that the effect of histamine was concentration dependent with an $EC_{50}$ of $3.3{\pm}0.5\;{\mu}M$. 3. The inhibitory effect of risperidone on histamine-induced $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ was concentration-dependent with an $IC_{50}$ of $104.4{\pm}14\;nM$. 4. Risperidone inhibits histamine-induced Ca2+ release from endoplasmic reticulum and influx of extracellular $Ca^{2+}$ in HSG cells(p<0.05).

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.569-577
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• 2013

Soy sauce is a traditional fermented seasoning in several oriental countries, such as Korea and Japan, and recently it has been reported to have biological activities. In Korean soy sauce, soybeans and wheat are the two main raw materials. Polysaccharides that originate from the cell wall of soybeans are resistant to enzymatic hydrolysis. These polysaccharides remain in the soy sauce even after fermentation and are termed Kanjang polysaccharides (KPS). In this study, polysaccharides were obtained from dialysate of different soy sauces labeled as A~T and manufactured by fermentation or the acid-hydrolyzate method. We investigated anti-inflammatory activities by examining the effects of these KPS on proinflammatory cytokine release and mRNA expression in mast cells. Histamine and ${\beta}$-hexosaminidase release were strongly decreased by the KPS treatment in RBL-2H3 cells. Treatment with KPS clearly reduced mRNA expression and the release of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-${\alpha}$) in PMACI-stimulated HMC-1 cells. In particular, KPS derived from fermented Kanjang products showed a significant anti-inflammation effect on mast cells compared to the acid-hydrolyzed Kanjang products. This study suggests that KPS appear to be effective in suppressing allergic inflammatory reactions.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.81-89
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• 2018

This study evaluated the anti-asthmatic activities of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxymethylphenol (DBHP) that is a potent phenolic antioxidant in edible vegetable oil. The effects of DBHP on bronchial asthma were evaluated by determining the specific airway resistance (sRaw) and tidal volume (TV) during the immediate asthmatic response (IAR) and the late-phase asthmatic response (LAR) in guinea pigs with aerosolized ovalbumin-induced asthma. Recruitment of leukocytes and the levels of biochemical inflammatory mediators were determined in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALFs), and histopathological surveys performed in lung tissues. DBHP significantly inhibited the increased sRaw and improved the decreased TV on IAR and LAR, and also inhibited recruitment of eosinophils and neutrophils into the lung, and release of biochemical inflammatory mediators such as histamine and phospholipase $A_2$ from these infiltrated leukocytes, and improved pathological changes. However, anti-asthmatic activities of DBHP at oral doses of 12.5 to 50 mg/kg was less than those of dexamethasone (5 mg/kg, p.o.) and cromoglycate (10 mg/kg, p.o.), but more potent or similar to that of salbutamol (5 mg/kg, p.o.). These results in the present study suggest that anti-asthmatic effects of DBHP in the guinea pigs model of OVA-induced asthmatic responses principally are mediated by inhibiting the recruitments of the leukocytes and the release of biochemical inflammatory mediators from these infiltrated leukocytes.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.1598-1603
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• 2006

Activated mast cells play pivotal roles in allergic and non-allergic inflammatory responses through the release of inflammatory mediators such as histamin, cysteinyl leukotriens, pro-inflammatory cytokines as well as chemokine. We tested whether YHJST, which is clinically prescribed for the treatment of various inflammatory disease including allergic disease, modulate inflammatory reactions in activated mast cells. YHJST decreased the release of histamine and b-hexosamidase in pholbol-12-myristate 13-acetate and/or calcium ionophore A23187 stimulated HMC-1 and RBL-2H3 cells, respectively. Further, the gene expressions of tumor necrosis factor-a, IL-6 and IL-8 were significantly reduced by YHJST. YHJST suppressed powerful induction of NF-kB promoter-mediated luciferase activity. Taken together, these data suggested that YHJST showed it's anti-inflammatory effects through the down-regulation of mast cell activation.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.320-323
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• 1999

The anti-allergic actions of the leaves of Castanea crenata (Fagaceae) were studied. The water extract demonstrated potent anti-allergic actions in in vivo and in vitro experiments. The oral or intraperitoneal administration of the extract (100 or 200 mg/kg) caused a significant inhibition of the 48 hr-PCA (up to 90%) and the vascular permeability induced by histamine or serotonin in rats (about 80%). The anaphylactic release of ${\beta}$-hexosaminidase for RBL-2H3 cells was also significantly inhibited by the extract in as dose-dependent manner with an IC50 value of 230 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml. The activity-guided fractionation of the extract, based on the determination of inhibitor effect upon the release of ${\beta}$-hexosaminidase, led to the isolation of quercetin as an active principle responsible for the inhibition of degranulation.