• Journal of the Korean Institute of Navigation
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.33-62
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• 1983

A navigator on bridge needs to know every kinds of motion characteristics of his vessel at sea. Generally when a vessel is completely built, the shipyard makes turning circle diagrams from the results of turing circle tests made during the sea trials for the reference of the vessel's owner. But referring only the data of a turning circle diagram, an officer on bridge can not figure out his vessel's maneuvering characteristics sufficiently, So nowadays the shipyard often adds Z test to turning circle test for more detail references. In this paper the author made Z and turning circle tests at the rudder angles of 15 and and 35 degress separately and in each of the case made a turrning circle diagram from the results of the turning circle test and the esults numerically calculated from mathematical formula made on the base of the maneuvering indices got from the Z test and compared them each other for the purpose of finding the correlations between them. Followings are concluded from the results. An actual turning circle diagram and a calculated one from the results of the Z test at same rudder angle coincides each other well when the center of the calculated circle is transferred by 1.7B toward the direction of the initial turning perpendicularly to the original course and 0.5L toward the direction in parallel with original course in case of the rudder angle of 35 degrees and 1.2B and 0.3L toward each of the above mentioned directions in case of rudder angle of 15 degrees.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2002.06c
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• pp.131-134
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• 2002

As the increased use of computer, wired/wireless/mobile Internet, security in using Internet becomes a more important problem. Thus, biometric technology using physical and behavior characteristics of a person is hot issue. Many different types of biometric technologies of a person such as fingerprint, face, iris, vein, DNA, brain wave, palm, voice, dynamic signature, etc. had already been studied but remained unsuccessful because they do not meet social demands. However, recently many of these technologies have been actively revived and researchers have developed new products on various commercial fields. Dynamic signature verification technology is to verify the signer by calculating his writing manner, speed, angle, and the number of strokes, order, the down/up/movement of pen when the signer input his signature with an electronic pen for his authentication. Then signature verification system collects mentioned above various feature information and compares it with the original one and simultaneously analyzes to decide whether signature is forgery or true. The prospect of signature verification technology is very promising and its use will be wide spread in terms of economy, security, practicality, stability and convenience.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Marine Engineers Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.67-73
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• 2002

The characteristics of fuel spray influence on the engine performances such as power, fuel economy and emissions. therefore, the measurement of fuel spray characteristics is very important for the improvement of heat engine. The factor which controls the fuel spray is injection pressure, ambient pressure, engine speed et al.. In :his study, We measured spray angle, spray penetration and spray tip velocity considering injection pressure(10,14㎫), ambient pressure(3,4,5㎫), fuel pump speed(500,700,900rpm) in the high temperature and pressure chamber. Experimental results are summarized as follows: 1) Injection pressure influence on the characteristics of spray namely As Injection pressure Is increased, spray angle is decreased but spray penetration and spray tip velocity is increased. 2) Spray angle, spray penetration is increased by increasing the fuel pump speed. 3) Ambient pressure plays an important role in spray characteristics.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.653-660
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to compare selected kinematic variables between male medalists and a Korean male javelin thrower at the IAAF World Championships, Daegu 2011. The three medalists and one Korean javelin thrower that participated in the Championships were videotaped using three high-speed cameras (300 frames/s, EX-F1 Exilim, Casio, Japan). The results showed that the release and attitude angles of the Korean male javelin thrower (KMJT) were greater than that of the medalists, whereas the attack angle of the KMJT was smaller than that of the medalists. This study also found that the KMJT clearly had a lower release height than the medalists. As a possible adaptation of his physique to the skill, the KMJT used a small trunk inclination angle and produced greater inclination angles at his upper extremities. These results may be linked to an increase in the release angle of the KMJT. There were some difference between the KMJT and the medalists in terms of the length and duration of the delivery phase. In harmony with the shorter length of the delivery phase, its duration was shorter for the KMJT in comparison to the medalists. Because the delivery stride is considered to be a primary generator of endpoint speed, this decrease in the delivery phase time would decrease the javelin velocity at release. The amount of time taken in the delivery phase may be a critical factor to enhance a javelin thrower's performance. Thus, rhythmic movement training specifically designed for the KMJT will help him attain an optimal throwing position.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.29-39
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• 2007

This study were obtained elapsed time phase-by-phases, displacement, user angle, velocity and angular velocity to analyse kinematically contributing factors at impact of forehand drive motion, on targeting three male players. The results of the study were presented as follows; In the forehand drive swing, the elapsed time by phases was a total of .52 seconds: .30 seconds from backswing to impact and .22 seconds from impact to follow-through, Considering the mean change in locations of COM of each(part$\rightarrow$body segment) at impact, racket head, left shoulder, right wrist and left hip, the left-right directions(X-axis) were showm to be each $.61{\pm}.03$, $1.19{\pm}.08$, $.66{\pm}.03$, $.94{\pm}.06$, and $.45{\pm}.03m$. The displacement differences of COM of each body segment were shown to be -.57, -.05, -.33, and .16m. For the vertical direction(Z-axis), the center of mass was lowest at impact and highest at E3. For the displacement of the right wrist on the left hip, the right wrist moved to .82m to the lower direction without change in the locations of the hip from E1 from E2. When the left hip moved .02m from E2 to E3, the right wrist moved .7m in the upper direction. In respect to the velocity of each body segment, the hip and the shoulder joint accelerated and then the wrist followed. Then the right wrists of all the subjects and their racket heads showed maximum speed, and an effective swing was observed. At the angle of each part, the angle of the right wrist was the smallest at the backswing and the largest at the moment of the impact. Then it increased gradually in the follow-through section. In respect of angular velocity for subject A, the hip moved and the largest change occurred. Immediately before the impact, the subject made a swing using his right wrist, his hip, and the shoulder joint, showing the maximum value, which was judged to be effective.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.19-26
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• 2009

Aalto designed his own modern architecture in comparison with other modern architects of his days. It is because Aalto went beyond the principle of dogmatic functionalism based on his attitude not to copy images of functionalism but to fulfill function of the building. He decided architectural form and space according to logical basis including the effective use of light and sound. Vuoksenniska church, as is called the most exceptional and notable church in his works, was designed based on the fulfillment of program. As he knew that the program needed the extension of the main church space into social areas, he put emphasis on individuality of space rather than the wholeness of space. Sound and light analysis of Vuoksenniska church shows that Aalto tried to have adequate environment of each space at the start and Integrate them later. The spatial configuration of Vuoksenniska church shows that the individuality of space has priority over the wholeness of spaces. Discordance between roof form and ceiling is the best example for this matter. Aalto designed various windows that have different sizes, figure and location to induce desirable light for each space of the church. He also adjusted the shape of the ceiling and the angle of wall for a effective sound transmission. This result indicates that he knew the activity of the church is normally confined to one weekly morning and the whole space Is hardly used as a religious purpose.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.870-875
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• 2016

Hypoglossal nerve palsy is an uncommon neurologic disorder. We report a 67-year-old Korean male with tongue paralysis due to hypoglossal nerve palsy. He had complaints associated only with tongue paralysis and was treated with herbal medicine and electric acupuncture for 12 days. We evaluated his tongue paralysis severity by a numeric rating scale (NRS) and the angle of tongue deviation. After 12 days of treatment, the NRS score showed improvement of his complaints, and the angle of tongue deviation was decreased. Korean medicine could therefore be an effective treatment choice for hypoglossal nerve palsy.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.22-30
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• 1986

It is very important for a navigator on bridge to know the maneuverability of his ship sufficiently at sea. Generally, the data of a turning circle test have long been used to study and evaluate the maneuverability of a ship. But referring only the data of the turning circle test method, he can not evaluate his ship's maneuvering characteristics sufficiently. So nowaday the test method added Z test to turning circle test for more detail references is considered to be desirable. In this paper, the authors performed PAL test and Z test together in order to study the maneuverability of M. S.Pusan 403, training ship of the National Fisheries University of Pusan. According to the results of PAL test, the rudder effect in port rudder angle of the M. S. Pusan 403 was found to be more effective than that in starboard one, because her changing amounts of angular velocity, turning radius and tangent speed in port rudder angles were found to be larger than those of them in starboard rudder one in unsymmetry. The relation between her drift angle(.8) and rudder angle (0) was found to be changing with .8=0.640 in direct proportion. As it appeared that her calculated K'-values were smaller than the standard K'-values of different kinds of ships in accordance with her Z test, her turning ability was found to be lower. The running distance of a turn in her 10$^{\circ}$ Z test was about 8.3 times her own length and was found not to be exceeded the standard maneuvering distance, therefore she was considered to have good maneuverabilities synthetically.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.165-176
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• 2011

The femoral nerve innervates the quadriceps muscles and its dermatome supplies anteromedial thigh and medial foot. Paralysis of the quadriceps muscles due to the injury of the femoral nerve results in disability of the knee joint extension and loss of sensory of the thigh. A child could walk independently even though he had injured his femoral nerve severely due to the penetrating wound in the medial thigh. We measured and analyzed his gait performance in order to find the mechanisms that enabled him to walk independently. The child was eleven-year-old boy and he could not extend his knee voluntarily at all during a month after the injury. His gait analysis was performed five times (GA1~GA5) for sixteen months. His temporal-spatial parameters were not significantly different after the GA2 or GA3 test, and significant asymmetry was not observed except the single support time in GA1 results. The Lower limb joint angles in affected side had large differences in GA1 compared with the normal normative patterns. There were little knee joint flexion and extension motion during the stance phase in GA1 The maximum ankle plantar/dorsi flexion angles and the maximum knee extension angles were different from the normal values in the sound side. Asymmetries of the joint angles were analyzed by using the peak values. Significant asymmetries were found in GA1with seven parameters (ankle: peak planter flexion angle in stance phase, range of motion; ROM, knee: peak flexion angles during both stance and swing phase, ROM, hip: peak extension angle, ROM) while only two parameters (maximum hip extension angle and ROM of hip joint) had significant differences in GA5. The mid-stance valleys were not observed in both right and left sides of vertical ground reaction force (GRF) in the GA1, GA2. The loading response peak was far larger than the terminal stance peak of vertical ground reaction curve in the affected side of the GA3, GA4, GA5. The measured joint moment curves of the GA1, GA2, GA3 had large deviations and all of kinetic results had differences with the normal patterns. EMG signals described an absence of the rectus femoris muscle activity in the GA1 and GA2 (affected side). The EMG signals were detected in the GA3 and GA4 but their patterns were not normal yet, then their normal patterns were detected in the GA5. Through these following gait analysis of a child who had selective injuries on the knee extensor muscles, we could verify the actual functions of the knee extensor muscles during gait, and we also could observe his recovery and asymmetry with quantitative data during his rehabilitation.

• English & American cultural studies
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.185-219
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• 2009

This article aims to illuminate the comic characters and their humor in Dickens's novel David Copperfield in Bakhtinian point, and to clarify what the humorous characteristics are, and how they contribute to his reinforcement of socially critical messages in this novel. So far this novel has been called the only one of Dickens's comic novels, even though it includes lots of social critical meanings. But it is true that Dickensian critics couldn't make sure of the clear reasons why it is both very interesting and critical. Furthermore, it is also true that this novel has been criticized as a clumsy one in the realistic, psycho-analytic, dramatic angle. This approach to Dickensian comic characters through Bakhtinian fool, clown, and rogue concepts here could make up for or correct such criticisms, and reevaluate Dickens's humor and social criticisms in the context of general public culture. Bakhtin believes oppression by social ideologies prevent us from having good mutual relationships and divides our society. He thinks laughter liberates us from such oppression and restores our good relationships. As he applied his concepts based on the laughter of Middle Ages to Rabelais's novels, and examined what the authentically liberating power in Rabelais's laughter is, this article could clarify the liberating power of laughter by Dickens's comic characters, such as Mr and Mrs Micawber, Dick, Miss Betsey Trotwood and Miss Mowcher. In this novel, they often lead comic happenings, and such happenings are very similar to carnival-amusements including burning the dummy of the czar who has oppressed his or her citizenry. Especially, Dickens's comic characters's social criticisms, in the case of this novel, contain many complaints of social marginers, even though he has been labelled as being conservative politically. They always criticize the ideological absurdities in their society through the humorous words and behaviors in their comic happenings, like those of a carnival fool or clown in his or her amusements. This shows Dickens achieves both laughter and social criticism in David Copperfield by using Rabelaisian characterization-devices based on his general public culture. Like Bakhtin and Rabelais, Dickens seems to have believed that when we all truly liberate ourselves from the oppression of social ideologies, we can have desirable relationships between ourselves, and also solve social problems positively.