• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회A
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• pp.389-394
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• 2007

Numerical simulations are conducted to investigate the mechanism for force generation of an insect with tandem wing configuration. Various stroke amplitudes, stroke plane angles and phase difference between the fore- and hind-wings are considered. The Reynolds number is 150 based on the chord length and maximum translation velocity of the wing. When an insect requires high lift such as takeoff, it flaps its wings in parallel at a lower stroke plane angle and a bigger stroke amplitude than those in the hovering. With wings in counter-stroke, the lift fluctuations decrease, and moreover mean lift force decreases. Interactions among the fore-wing, hind-wing and vortices are examined to explain the force variations

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.120-127
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• 2006

An experimental study was carried out in order to investigate the effects on the fore- and hind-wings of a dragonfly-type model. A model with two pairs of wing was developed to measure the lift and thrust of a dragonfly-type model. The fore-wing and hind-wing had incidences angle of $0^{\circ}\;and\;10^{\circ}$. The freestream velocity is 1.6m/sec and the corresponding chord Reynolds number was $Re=2.88{\times}10^3$. Also, these experiments were carried out with a phase difference of $90^{\circ}$ between the fore- and hind-wing, aerodynamic forces caused by fore-wing only and two pairs of wings were investigated according to the reduced frequency. The results show that the model with fore-wings only generates a thrust component; however, the dragonfly-type model with hind-wings with an incidence angle of $10^{\circ}$ generates a drag component. The total drag is also increased with reduced frequency due to the increased lift of hind-wings.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제34권11호
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• pp.18-25
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• 2006

비정상 공기력 측정이 두 쌍의 날개를 갖는 잠자리 유형 모델의 위상차에 따른 효과를 조사하기 위하여 수행되었다. 잠자리 유형 모델의 플런징 운동에 의하여 발생된 공기역학적인 힘을 측정하기 위하여 로드셀을 사용하였다. 본 잠자리 유형 모델은 실제 잠자리와 동역학적으로 상사하며, 앞뒤날개는 각각 0°의 10°의 붙임각(incidence angle)을 가지고 있다. 다른 실험 조건은 다음과 같다. 자유류의 속도는 1.6 m/sec이고, 이와 관련된 시위 레이놀즈수 2.88×103이며, 앞뒤날개의 위상차는 각각 0°, 90°, 180°, 그리고 270°이다. 잠자리 유형 날개의 한 주기 동안 공기역학적 계수의 변화가 제시되었다. 연구 결과는 잠자리 유형 모델의 양력은 앞뒤날개가 downstroke 운동을 수행할 때 발생되며, 뒷날개가 downstroke 운동과정을 수행하면 양력 발생과 함께 항력도 발생한다는 것을 보여준다.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회A
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• pp.395-398
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• 2007

In nature, the swallowtail butterfly is known to be a versatile flyer using gliding and flapping efficiently. Furthermore, it has long tails on the hind-wing that may be associated with the enhancement of the gliding performance. In the present study, we investigate the aerodynamic property of swallowtail butterfly wing in gliding. We use an immersed boundary method and conduct a numerical simulation at the Reynolds numbers of 1,000 - 3,000 based on the free-stream velocity and the averaged chord length for seven different attack angles. As a result, we clearly identify the existence of the wing-tip and leading-edge vortices, and a pair of the streamwise vortices generated along the hind-wing tails. Interestingly, at the attack angle of $10^{\circ},$ hairpin vortices are generated above the center of the body and travel downstream.

• 한국추진공학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.43-54
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• 2004

본 가시화 연구는 잠자리 유형 모델의 위상차에 관한 후류의 변화를 관찰함으로써 위상차 효과를 정성적으로 조사하기 위해 수행되었다. 본 가시화 실험에 사용된 잠자리 유형 모델은 잠자리의 날개 형상을 모방한 앞뒤 날개를 가진 쌍으로 구성되어 있으며, 잠자리의 플래핑 날개를 확대하여 제작하였다. 본 연구는 smoke-wire 기법을 통한 가시화 실험이 수행되었고, 정확한 날개위치각도를 찾기 위하여 동기화 조정장치가 사용되었다. 이때 날개위치각도의 불확실성은 약 $\pm$$1^{\cire}$정도이며, 순간 날개 위치각도는 $-16.5^{\cire}$에서 $22.8^{\cire}$까지 변한다. 본 실험은 앞ㆍ뒤 날개의 위상차가 $0^{\cire}$, $90^{\cire}$, $180^{\cire}$, $270^{\cire}$인 경우 수행되었다. 본 연구 결과 위상차 $90^{\cire}$, $180^{\cire}$, $270^{\cire}$에서는 Karman Vortex가 발생되지만, 위상차 $0^{\cire}$에서는 Karman Vortex 현상이 관찰되지 않는다.

• 한국항공운항학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항공운항학회 2004년도 추계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.108-111
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• 2004

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회A
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• pp.384-388
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• 2007

Aerodynamic characteristics of Coleoptera species of Epilachna quadricollis and Allomyrina dichotoma are experimentally and numerically investigated. Using digital high speed camera and smoke wire technique, we visualized the continuous wing kinematics and the flight motion of free-flying coleoptera. The experimental visualization shows that the elytra flapped concurrently with the main wing both in the downstroke and upstroke motions. The wing motion of Epilachna quadricollis was captured and analyzed frame by frame to identify the kinematics of the wings and to implement it in the movement of a model wing (thin plate) in the simulation. The two-dimensional simulation of Epilachna quadricollis hovering flight was performed by assuming the wing cross section shape as a thin plate, even though most of insect's wings are made of curved corrugated membrane. The effect of Reynolds number are investigated by the simulation. Meanwhile, in order to investigate the role and effect of elytra, the flow visualization of Allomyrina dichotoma was carried on using smoke wire visualization technique. Here, we confirmed that the vortex generated by elytra due to its movement is strongly influence the vortex dynamic generated by hind wings.

• 한국항공운항학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2006

Unsteady lift measurements were carried out in order to investigate the effects of phase difference and reduced frequency of a dragonfly-type model with two pairs of wing. A load-cell was employed to measure the lift generated by a plunging motion of the dragonfly-type model with the incidence angles of 0$^{circ}$. Experimental conditions are as follows: phase differences between fore- and hind-wings are 0$^{circ}$, 90$^{circ}$, 180$^{circ}$, and 270$^{circ}$, and reduced frequencies are 0.075, 0.15 and 0.225, respectively. The freestream velocity was 143 m/sec and corresponding chord Reynolds number was $3.4{\times}10^3$. The variation of phase-averaged lift coefficients during one cycle of the wing motion is presented. Results show that the total value of the positive lift coefficient during one cycle of the wing motion is the largest at the phase difference of 90$^{circ}$, and that the maximum lift coefficient and lift coefficient per unit of time increases with reduced frequency.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.261-266
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• 2015

We have analyzed the external morphology and the environment of the foraging site of Vespertilio sinensis. The external morphology was analyzed by twelve parameters and the environment characteristics of the foraging site was analyzed using GIS 10.1 program. The wing membrane was inserted into the ankle of the hind foot and the wing ratio was 1.42, the middle type between broad-short wing type and long-narrow wing type. The fur color was blackish brown but the guard hair color was whitish. The shape of the ear was a rounded triangle and tragus was a fan shape. This study showed that V. sinensis preferred the deciduous forest of the upper forest zone, where human interference was less. We believed that abundance of insects, depending on water system, was closely related to the use of the foraging site. This result showed that the environment characteristics was very similar to the nature preservation zone including Baekyang valley and Keumsun valley in Naejangsan National Park.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.39-41
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• 2022

A genus Hercostomoides Meuffels and Grootaert, 1997 is a small group of long-legged fly with only two recorded speices, H. indonesianus(Hollis, 1964) and H. bhartii Grichanov, 2017 in the world. They are mainly distributed in the eastern Oriental region and this is the first record of H. indonesianus distributed in Korea. This genus of the subfamily Sympycninae has the following characteristics: wing veins, R2+3 and M1+2, distinctly divergent at distal end in both sexes; propleuron with strong black seta and a few short pale setulae above fore coxa; hind femur without anterior preapical seta. Description and figures about firstly recorded species are provided.