• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.85-96
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• 2009

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess input for health promoting schools (HPS), and to evaluate HPS based on WHO's guidelines through school characteristics, and to identify the schools' need among six areas of HPS. Methods: A stratified and random cluster sampling design was used to obtain a cross-sectional sample. A total of 59 elementary, middle and high schools in Seoul and Gyeonggi areas were included, and 333 teachers (males 40.6%, females 59.4%) participated in this survey. A self-reported questionnaire consisted of ten items for input for HPS, 50 items for the evaluation of HPS and three items for the schools' needs among six areas of HPS. Data was analyzed through a t-test, ANOVA, and a Duncan test. Results: The mean score of input for HPS was 48.5 ($\pm$15.3). Elementary schools had higher mean scores of input than middle schools. The mean score of schools with a management committee was higher than those schools without it. The schools which had meetings on health issues had higher mean scores. The mean score for HPS was 76.8 ($\pm$9.4): the area of "School Physical Environment" had the highest score (80.0$\pm$10.9), and the area of "Community Relationships" had the lowest score (67.1$\pm$13.9). Elementary schools had higher mean scores of HPS than middle and high schools. The schools which had less than nine classes and more than 31 classes had higher mean scores. The mean scores of schools with less than 340 students and more than 1201 students had higher. The schools which had meetings on health issues had higher mean scores. The same results were found on six areas of HPS. The teachers responded that the areas of "School Health Policy", "The School Physical Environment", and "Health Service" should be supported among the six areas of HPS. Conclusion: Based on these results, more concerns and support for school health are necessary. Middle schools should give more regard on the development of HPS. For comprehensive school health promotion, all six areas of HPS should be equally supported.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.829-837
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• 2012

This study was investigated seafoods provided by school food service and students' preferences for and perceptions of seafoods. The subjects were 275 second grade(age 14-16) students of 4 middle schools in Gyeongnam. The results were as follows. The most main seafoods intake place was 'home'(65.8%). 'School food service' took meaningful ratio(20.7%) of students' seafoods intakes. In the intake amount of seafoods provided by school food service, 'all' took 22.5%(male 31.6%, female 14.1%), 'more than provided' took 1.5%(male 3.0%, female 0%). Male students ate seafoods more than female students did(p<.001). In seafoods providing frequency, '2~3 times a week' took 74.5%, '4~5 times a week' took higher ratio in males' schools, while '0~1 times a week' took higher ratio in females'(p<.05). In perceptions of seafoods, most subjects had positive perceptions as 'good for health'(3.95), 'various kinds'(3.75) except 'good peculiar smell' got smallest point(2.85). In means of learning about seafoods names, 'by looking at everyday menu' took 64.6%. In taking nutrition education, 'no nutrition education' took 69.5%. In preferences for seafoods using 5-point scale, males' preferences were higher than females'(p<.001). 48.1% of males got higher than 4 point, while 14.1% of females did. In improvement measures of seafoods, 'provide various kinds'(47.3%) took highest ratio. In preferences for seafoods by seafoods kinds, preference for 'crustacean' was highest while preferences for 'shell fish' and 'fish' were relatively low. Both male and female students highly preferred laver, shrimp, swimming crab, small octopus, fish cake and tuna canned goods. Male students' preferences were higher than female students' for most kinds of seafoods. In preferences for seafoods by cooking methods, preferences for 'grilled', 'stir fried', 'pan fried' were relatively high, 'braised', 'deep fried', 'steamed' were relatively low. Males' preferences were higher than females' for every cooking method except 'steamed'.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.726-738
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• 2019

This study examined the dietary behaviors and dietary quality of high school students according to the number of times they skipped breakfast. A total of 474 high school students (225 boys and 249 girls) residing in Incheon participated in this survey. The subjects were divided into the three groups according to the frequency of eating breakfast; Regualr (eating breakfast everyday, n=226), Irregualar (eating breakfast 1~6 times/week, n=143, and Skipping (skipping breakfast everyday, n=105). The dietary quality was assessed using a nutrient quotient for adolescents (NQ-A). A higher monthly allowance and a higher rate of working mothers were significantly associated with a higher frequency of skipping breakfast. A higher intake frequency of processed beverages, and street food was significantly associated with a higher frequency of skipping breakfast. Students who had a higher rate of breakfast skipping had significantly lower intake frequency of fruits, white milk, bean and bean products, and fish. The high frequency of skipping breakfast among high school students was associated with lower dietary quality, as illustrated by the low total NQ-A score and sub group score including balance, environment, and practice. This information can inform efforts to provide nutrition education program to promote breakfast consumption and guidelines to students who skipped breakfast frequently.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.106-111
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• 2018

Objective : High-risk pregnant women are exposed to the physical and emotional crisis associate with the condition of high-risk pregnancy, making these women emotionally unstable, exhibiting such conditions as depression and anxiety. The aim of this study was to examine what effects the temperament and character of high-risk pregnant women had on their depression, anxiety, and maternal-fetal attachment. Methods : A hundred and five high-risk pregnant women were recruited in the maternity ward of the Keimyung University medical center. All subjects were administered a sociodemographic and obstetric questionnaire, Temperament and Character Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory-II, State Trait Anxiety Inventory-State, and Maternal-Fetal Attachment Scale. Results : First, higher scores on the harm-avoidance scale and lower scores on the self-directedness scale were associated with higher depression scores. Second, higher scores on the harm-avoidance and reward-dependence scale were associated with higher anxiety scores. Lastly, higher scores on the cooperativeness scale were associated with higher maternal-fetal attachment scores. Conclusion : Temperament and character in high-risk pregnant women were associated with the degree of depression, anxiety, maternal-fetal attachment. Based on these findings, it is suggested that examining temperament and character in advance and screening for vulnerability in pregnant women can help to prevent emotional problems for high-risk pregnant women.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.797-818
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• 2022

Steel-precast ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) composite beams with demountable high-strength friction-grip bolt (HSFGB) shear connectors can be used for accelerated bridge construction (ABC) and achieve excellent structural performance, which is expected to be dismantled and recycled at the end of the service life. However, no investigation focuses on the demountability and reusability of such composite beams, as well as the installation difficulties during construction. To address this issue, this study conducted twelve push-out tests to investigate the effects of assembly condition, bolt grade, bolt-hole clearance, infilling grout and pretension on the crack pattern, failure mode, load-slip/uplift relationship, and the structural performance in terms of ultimate shear strength, friction resistance, shear stiffness and slip capacity. The experimental results demonstrated that the presented composite beams exhibited favorable demountability and reusability, in which no significant reduction in strength (less than 3%) and stiffness (less than 5%), but a slight improvement in ductility was observed for the reassembled specimens. Employing oversized preformed holes could ease the fabrication and installation process, yet led to a considerable degradation in both strength and stiffness. With filling the oversized holes with grout, an effective enhancement of the strength and stiffness can be achieved, while causing a difficulty in the demounting of shear connectors. On the basis of the experimental results, more accurate formulations, which considered the effect of bolt-hole clearance, were proposed to predict the shear strength as well as the load-slip relationship of HSFGBs in steel-precast UHPC composite beams.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.404-410
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• 2016

This study aims to investigate the satisfactions with school food service for elementary and middle school parents. We surveyed parents about their concerns regarding food materials, the perception of free school food service, improvement of free school food service and satisfaction with the quality of school food service. The regions were classified into two categories according to the operation of a school food service center. The respondents with greater concern and cooperative purchase of food materials had higher satisfaction with the quality of school food service. It is interesting to note that school food service centers managed directly by the local government had higher satisfaction than those operated by private enterprises with respect to the quality of the school food service. The results of this study can contribute to the establishment of school food service and school food service center policies in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.71-83
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• 2004

Purpose: To describe the prevalence, epidemiological characteristics, and related factors of diabetes mellitus in school personnel. Method：5,384 school personnel (2,638 males 2,746 females) received physical examinations at the Seoul School Health Center in 2002. Using the American Diabetes Association criteria, and fasting blood sugar(FBS) was classified as normal at 110>=FBS, borderline 111-125, and the diabetes group 126<=FBS. Related factors of each group were evaluated by gender. Results： In the diabetes group, there were 4.74% males and 0.8% females, and the borderline group was 6.37% males and 2.22% females. The older age group gad a higher distribution in both males and females in the diabetes group. In the diabetes group, the mean and abnormal rate of BMI, systolic hypertension, diastolic hypertension, total cholesterol, GOT, GPT, and GTP were higher than in the normal group. In life style factor, the diabetes group gad a higher distribution of meat eating and smoking more than 20 years than the normal group. The effect of FBS on BMI, BP(blood pressure), total cholesterol, GOT, GPT, and GTP were investigated after controlling for confounding variables. In the borderline and diabetes group, the mean of BMI, BP, total cholesterol, GOT, GPT, and GTP was higher in dose-response effect. In the logistic multiple regression, the related factors of the diabetes group were hypertension and abnormal GTP in males, and abnormal total cholesterol and GTP in females. In the borderline group, the related factors were meat eating, hypertension, and high GOT in males and the older age group, and hypertension, total cholesterol, and abnormal GTP in females. Conclusions: It is possible to manage all related factors of diabetes mellitus except for age. An appropriate program for health promotion is necessary.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.652-660
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• 2016

This study was performed to investigate the nutrition knowledge, dietary attitudes, and dietary behaviors among high school students by gender. The subjects were 275 students (127 male, 148 female) in Incheon metropolitan area. Self-administered questionnaires consisted of general characteristics and anthropometric data, nutrition knowledge, dietary attitudes, and dietary behaviors. The average score of nutrition knowledge was significantly higher in female subjects (9.4) compared to male subjects (8.2) (p<0.01). Male subjects had a higher score for dietary attitudes than female subjects (p<0.001). Frequency of meals was significantly higher in male subjects compared to female subjects (p<0.05). Duration of meal time in male subjects was significantly higher ('5-10 minutes') compared to female subjects (p<0.001). Unbalanced diet was significantly higher in female subjects (66.3%) compared to male subjects (48.9%) (p<0.01). Male subjects showed significantly higher consumption frequency of 'dairy' (p<0.001) and 'beans' (p<0.001) compared to female subjects. For snack consumption, male subjects showed higher consumption frequency of 'nuts' (p<0.001), 'soda' (p<0.05), 'fast foods' (p<0.001), and 'ramyeon' (p<0.01), but lower consumption frequency of 'biscuits and bakery' (p<0.01) compared to female subjects. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a systemic nutrition education program for high school students by gender.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.277-286
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• 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between Internet use and oral health behaviors in Korean adolescents. Methods: This study used the 13th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (2017) to find an association between Internet use and oral health behaviors. The total number of study subjects was 54,603. A chi-square test and multiple logistic regression analyses were used to estimate the association between Internet use and oral health behaviors. Results: Internet use was significantly increased among female, higher school grade, lower school records, and lower economic status participants (p<0.001). The rate of frequency of toothbrushing more than three times daily and use of oral hygiene devices was increased among female, higher school record, and higher economic status participants significantly (p<0.001). Oral symptoms experienced were significantly increased among female, higher school grade, lower school records, and lower economic status participants (p<0.001). The rate of the toothbrushing more than three times daily and toothbrushing after lunch groups was the highest in the group with less than one hour of Internet use, but the rate of oral symptoms experienced was the highest in the group with over five hours of Internet use. The risk of toothbrushing less than twice daily was 1.61 times higher in the group with over five hours of Internet use, and the risk of not brushing after lunch was significantly higher (1.52 times) in the over five hours group. The risk of not using oral hygiene devices was the highest (1.22 times) in the less than five hours group, and the risk of oral symptoms experiences was 1.40 times higher in the more than five hours group. Conclusions: Internet use was related to oral health behaviors in adolescents. Appropriate Internet use and awareness of oral health care are needed among adolescents.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.638-650
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to do an exploratory analysis on the expectation of Chinese high-school students on the benefits of higher education. Higher education benefits were categorized into monetary-investment benefit, non monetary-investment benefit and consumptive benefit. The differences in expectation according to independent student factors and family background were analyzed. The survey data on every high school's 300 students and 300 their parents total 1200 in 2 high schools in YanTai was put into the analysis. The differences among groups and items were analyzed using Cross tabulation, ANOVA, etc with SPSS. The major findings are as follows. First, Chinese high-school students' overall expectation on higher education benefits was high. Second, Expectation on higher education benefits differed according to independent student factors, such as gender, academic year, grade, etc. Third, expectation on higher education benefits differed according to factors of family background. Fourth, level of expectation on higher education benefits between parents and students differed. In the future, the government should consider such various expectations and differences when dealing with higher education policies and university operation.