• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제22권3호
• /
• pp.347-358
• /
• 2013

The aerosol number concentration have measured with an aerodynamic particle sizer spectrometer(APS) at Gosan in Jeju Island, which is known as background area in Korea, from March 2010 to February 2011. The obtained results of asian dust events and non-asian dust period have been compared. The results show that the entire averaged aerosol number concentration from APS measurement during asian dust events and non-asian dust period are about 341 particles/$cm^3$ and 240 particles/$cm^3$, respectively. During asian dust events, the number concentration in small size ranges(${\leq}0.4{\mu}m$) are similar to non-asian dust period, however, those in large size ranges(${\geq}0.7{\mu}m$) are very higher than non-asian dust period. The contributions of the size resolved number concentration(23 channel in $0.25{\sim}10.0{\mu}m$) to total number concentration in that range are dramatically decreased with increased particle size. The contributions of smaller size ranges(${\leq}0.4{\mu}m$) during asian dust events are very low compared with non-asian dust period, on the other hand, those of larger size ranges(${\geq}0.4{\mu}m$) are higher than non-asian dust period. The number concentration in each size range are strongly correlated with the concentration in adjacent size range. And the total aerosol number concentration are depended on the number concentration in range of smaller than $0.58{\mu}m$ during non-asian dust period and asian dust events. On the other hand, $PM_{10}$ mass concentration has mainly affected with the number concentration in range of smaller than $1.0{\mu}m$ during non-asian dust period, however, during asian dust events, the mass concentration has mainly affected with the number concentration in range of $0.65{\sim}3.0{\mu}m$.

• 생물환경조절학회지
• /
• 제19권1호
• /
• pp.55-62
• /
• 2010

본 실험은 triazole계의 생장조절제인 diniconazole의 종자침지처리 농도 및 처리시간이 토마토와 오이 플러그묘의 도장억제에 미치는 효과를 검증하기 위하여 수행하였다. 토마토와 오이 모두 처리 농도가 높고 침지시간이 길수록 유묘 출현율이 늦어지는 경향을 보였다. 토마토의 경우 $1mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ 농도에서는 침지시간이 길수록 유묘 출현율이 조금 낮긴 하였으나 무처리와 유의차가 없었고, 그 외의 농도에서는 농도가 높을수록 침지시간이 길수록 유묘 출현율이 현저히 낮았다. 그러나 파종 10일 후면 90% 이상 유묘가 출현하였다. Diniconazol의 농도가 높고 침지시간이 길수록 과도하게 초장이 억제 되었고 발육속도도 지연되었다. 저농도 일수록 절간장 신장 회복이 빨랐으며 고농도이고 침지시간이 길수록 절간장 신장이 억제기간이 길고 회복도 느렸다. 토마토 및 오이는 $1mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ 농도처리에서는 지상부, 지하부, 생체중 및 건물중의 일정한 경향이 없었으나 그 외의 농도에서는 침지시간이 길수록 지상부, 지하부의 생체중과 건물중이 감소하는 것을 볼 수 있었다. 또한 diniconazol의 처리로 왜화된 오이묘는 정식 후에 정상적인 초장 신장을 보였으며, 암꽃과 수꽃 착생도 무처리구와 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. 종자 처리시 왜화율과 묘소질 등을 고려한 diniconazol의 적정 처리농도와 침지시간은 토마토는 $10mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ 농도에 12 시간, 오이는 $1mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$의 농도에 24시간 침지 처리하는 것이 이상적이라 판단된다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
• /
• 제22권5호
• /
• pp.574-589
• /
• 2006

Although concentrations of hazardous air pollutants(HAPs) are very low in the atmosphere, a growing attention has been paid on such compounds due to their high toxicity and bioaccumulation potentials into human body. In order to control and manage the amount of these materials in ambient air, it is necessary to construct monitoring system of them and to know the current concentration level of HAPs above all. In this work, a wide range of HAPs has been measured in metropolitan area to recognize the present state of HAPs in this area. The measured concentration of VOCs was higher in order of Jeonnongdong, Jeongdong, and Yangsuri. The regional difference of VOCs concentration was also highest in spring. Its total VOCs was ranged from $15.17{\sim}41.45$ ppb. Benzene $0.43{\sim}2.32$ ppb showed similar concentration level with the result of previous researches in Seoul. This value is a little higher than the average concentration 0.92 ppb for national ambient air quality standards in Japan. The concentration of aldehydes in this study was lower than those of other researches. Previous works in Seoul metropolitan area showed that the concentration of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde were higher than 5 ppb. The concentration of gaseous and particulate PAHs was high in order of winter, spring, and summer More than 90% of PAHs with low molecular weight such as 2-rings and 3-rings PAHs existed in gas phase. On the other hands, PAHs with high molecular weight more than 5-rings PAHs almost existed in particulate. In spring, the concentration of gaseous PAHs was 24.38 $ng/m^3$ in Jeongdong. Among the particulate PAHs, the concentrations of Naphthalene, Benzo(b)fluoranthene, and Benzo(g, h, i)perylene were higher than others. Especially, the concentration of Benzo(a)pyrene, a important carcinogenic pollutant, was highest in winter 0.5 $ng/m^3$ and ranged from 0.03 to 0.3 $ng/m^3$ in spring and summer, which is lower than the monitoring result in 90's. These components were mainly originated from the vehicle exhaust or heating equipment use.

• 한국동물위생학회지
• /
• 제18권3호
• /
• pp.1-12
• /
• 1995

To investigate effect of seeding on post-thaw motility and viability of canine spermatozoa, the semen from male dogs which had been proved to be fertile in the past were frozen and seeded during freezing process. Post-thaw motility and viability of canine sperm which were frozen and seeded were investigated according to different seeding temperatures of $-5^{\circ}C$, $-10^{\circ}C$, or $-l5^{\circ}C$ and also according to different concentration of glycerol of 2%, 5% and 10%. In addition, post-thaw motility of canine sperm frozen by direct freezing in a deep freezer or programmed freezing in a programmed cell freezer was investigated. Post-thaw motility of canine sperm was compared according to different seeding temperatures : The sperm seeded at $-5^{\circ}C$ showed considerably higher post-thaw motility than that of non-seeding, and that seeded at $-10^{\circ}C$, or $-l5^{\circ}C$, respectively, in 2% and 5% glycerol groups on both 2 and 7day after freezing(p<0.05). In 10% concentration of glycerol, the sperm seeded at each seeding temperature showed considerably higher post-thaw motility than that of non-seeding group on day 7 after freezing(p<0.01). Post-thaw viability of canine sperm was compared according to different seeding temperatures : The sperm seeded at $-5^{\circ}$ showed significantly higher post-thaw motility than that of non-seeding, and that seeded at $-10^{\circ}C$, or $-l5^{\circ}C$, in 5% and 10% glycerol groups on day 7 after freezing(p< 0.05). In comparison of post-thaw motility of canine sperm seeded according to different concentration of glycerol, 5% glycerol group and 10% glycerol group showed considerably higher post-thaw motility than 2% glycerol group without difference between those two groups in all seeding temperatures($-5^{\circ}C$, $-10^{\circ}C$ and $-l5^{\circ}C$) on day 2 and 7 after freezing(p<0.01). In comparison of post-thaw viability of canine sperm seeded according to different concentration of glycerol, 5% glycerol group and 10% glycerol group showed the same considerably higher post-thaw viability than 2% glycerol group on each thawing day(p<0.01). The canine sperm frozen and seeded by programmed freezing method showed considerably higher post-thaw motility than that frozen by direct freezing method in all different seeding temperatures($-5^{\circ}C$, $-10^{\circ}C$ and $-l5^{\circ}$). These results indicated that the higher post-thaw motility and viability was obtained in the spermatozoa seeded than that of non-seeding, that among different seeding temperatures of $-5^{\circ}C$, $-10^{\circ}C$ and $-l5^{\circ}C$, the sperm seeded at $-5^{\circ}C$ showed higher post-thaw motility and viability than the other temperatures, also among different concentrations fof glycerol of 2%, 5% and 10%, the sperm frozen and seeded in 5% and 10% concentration of glycerol showed higher post-thaw motility and viability than that in 2% of glycerol, and that the sperm frozen and seeded by programmed freezing method showed higher motility than that by direct freezing method.

• 대한환경공학회지
• /
• 제33권11호
• /
• pp.790-796
• /
• 2011

본 연구에서는 시화지구의 공단과 주거 지역에서의 휘발성 유기화합물 농도를 능동식과 수동식 시료채취기를 이용해 측정하고 그 특성을 비교 분석하였다. TVOC의 평균농도는 패시브샘플러(passive sampler)의 경우 공단지역이 주거지역보다 1.86배 더 높게 나타났다. 능동식 시료채취기의 경우 공단지역이 주거지역보다 1.07배 더 높게 나타났다. Passive sampler를 이용하였을 경우 공단지역이 주거지역보다 대부분의 물질에서 농도가 높게 나타났지만 열탈착 흡착 튜브(thermal desorption tube)를 이용했을 경우는 트리클로로에틸렌, 톨루엔, 에틸벤젠, 자일렌 등 일부 물질의 농도에 있어서 주거지역이 오히려 높게 나타났다. 전체 BTEX 비율 중에서 전반적으로 톨루엔이 차지하는 비율이 가장 컸으며, passive sampler의 경우 공단지역이 주거지역보다 톨루엔, 에틸벤젠, 자일렌의 상대비율이 높게 나타났다. 그러나 열탈착 흡착 튜브의 경우는 오히려 주거지역이 더 높게 나타났다. 본 연구를 통해서 대기오염 목적성분의 시간적, 공간적 농도 특성 파악을 위한 passive sampler를 이용하면 오염관리 혹은 역학적 연구에 도움이 되는 적절한 시료채취 방법이라는 사실을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
• /
• 제1권1호
• /
• pp.71-82
• /
• 1985

The effect on the particulate matters in the atmosphere was investigated in Seoul area from March, 1984 to Aprill, 1985. Aerosols were collected by filters on nine stages Andrsen Air Sampler, and size distribution and total concentration of the aerosols, Fe and Pb were measured. In spring with Yellow Sand the concentration of particles in aerosols was 185.55$\mug/m^3$ and CP/TA was 65.9%. But in spring without Yellow Sand those of particles was 135.45$\mug/m^3$ and CP/TA was 58.6%. Accordingly the concentration of coarse particles with Yellow Sand was higher than without them in Spring. Above results indicate that in Seoul Area the main source of air pollution originated from natural burdens, especially from soil. The concentration of Pb was similarly valued through both seasons in Seoul area but fine particles valued above coarse particles. On the other hand, in urban area, the natural and anthropogenic sources have influenced on the concentration of Pb. With referred to particle size distribution for Fe, the concentration of coarse particles was 0.168$\etag/m^3$ (CP/TA: 74.3%) in Spring with Yellow Sand, 0.096$\mug/m^3$ (CP/TA: 71.6%) without Yellow Sand and 0.083$\mug/m^3$ (CP/TA: 67.4%) in winter, respectively. Compared with fine particles, all of them were higher. It indicated that the origin of coarse particles in urban air was not related to anthropogenic source. The concentration of Fe was influenced by Yellow Sand and contributed to air pollution.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• 제9권1호
• /
• pp.128-134
• /
• 1985

In order to study the effect of honey concentration on the quality of honeyed ginseng in the process of manufacturing honeyed ginseng, honeyed ginseng was manufactured under the various condition of honey concentration, 40 brix, 50 brix, 60 brix and 70 brix and the approximate composition, the yield and organoleptic test of them were investigated. The results obtained were as follows. 1. The higher honey concentration was used, the yield of honeyed ginseng was increased. 2. The higher honey concentration was used, the amount of total sugar was increased while the amount of crude saponin, crude protein. crude fat, crude fiber and crude ash was decreased. 3. Free sugars of honeyed ginseng consist of rhamnose, xylose, fructose, glucose, sucrose and maltose, 4. The amount of saponin lost in the process of manufacturing honeyed ginseng was 2.5%-5.0%, therefore honey concentration was not so effective on the loss of saponin. 5. According to organoleptic test, H-3 and H-2 treating honey concentration at 60 brix and 50 brix was the best and better of all.

• Nutritional Sciences
• /
• 제9권2호
• /
• pp.74-81
• /
• 2006

The present study examined the effect of soy isoflavones on lipid metabolism in growing female rats. Rats were randomly assigned to three different groups and provided experimental diets for 9 weeks. The experimental groups were classified into 1) a control group, 2) a soy protein isolate group: soy (+)) group and 3) a soy protein concentration group: soy (-)) group. Diets contained either casein or one of two soy proteins with (soy (+)) or without isoflavones (soy (-)). Serum triglyceride concentration showed no significant differences among the experimental groups. Serum total cholesterol concentration was significantly lower in both the soy (+) and soy (-) groups than in the control group and LDL-cholesterol concentration was significantly lower in the soy (+). Serum HDL-cholesterol concentration was significantly higher in the control group than in the soy protein groups but the HDL-cholesterol share rate in total cholesterol tended to be lower in the control group than in the soy protein groups, insignificant as it was. Hepatic IDL receptor mRNA level was significantly increased in the soy (+) group when compared to the other two groups to be 20% higher than the control group. In conclusion, soy protein isolate, soy protein rich with isoflavones reduced serum total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol concentration and increased hepatic IDL receptor mRNA expression in growing female rats. Therefore, it is considered that the intake of soy isoflvones during puberty can be advantageous in terms of the long-tenn control of serum lipid.

• 환경영향평가
• /
• 제12권2호
• /
• pp.99-108
• /
• 2003

We collected and analyzed PM10 samples to account for the characteristics of heavy metallic elements for yellow sand and non-yellow sand during springtime of 2002 at Busan, The mean PM10 mass concentration for springtime of 2002 was $219.82{\mu}g/m^3$ with the maximum $787.50{\mu}g/m^3$ and the minimum $19.44{\mu}g/m^3$. The mean concentration of metallic elements contained in PM10 are shown as follows : Si>Ca>Fe>Al>Na, respectively. The ratio of mean PM10 mass concentration for yellow sand($362.7{\mu}g/m^3$) to that for non-yellow sand($48.3{\mu}g/m^3$) was 7.5, the significant positive correlation (P<0.05) was found between yellow sand and non-yellow sand. The metallic elements concentration ratios of yellow sand to the non-yellow sand were over 10 times for Al, Ca, Mg, 4~8 times for Fe, Si, Mn. But the concentration of Na, Cu, Zn for non-yellow sand was higher than those of yellow sand. The crustal enrichment factor of Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr, K, Mn, Na, Ni for yellow sand was higher that of non-yellow sand over 10 times, and concentration rate of soil particles of yellow sand was increased 2.3 times that of nonyellow sand.

• 한국의류학회지
• /
• 제28권7호
• /
• pp.873-881
• /
• 2004

This research was aimed to investigate the effect of enzyme and the addition of chelators on rotting of the Kenaf bast. Enzyme rotting was effective only when the chelators were added with the enzyme. EDTA was a more effective chelator than oxalic acid under 1% concentration. There was no difference in the rotting effect under different enzyme concentration levels, and under different treatment time and temperature. Therefore, it was found that enzyme rotting can be carried out with low enzyme concentration(0.125%) at room temperature. Retting time can be shortened when higher enzyme concentration and higher temperature are applied. Cellulose I structure of kenaf fiber did not change after enzyme rotting, and different enzyme concentration did not affect the crytallinity structure. Non-cellulosic matters such as hemicellulose, lignin, and pectin were present in the descending order in the enzyme rotted kenaf fiber, and there were no differences in their amounts due to enzyme concentration levels. There was no difference in the dyeabilities of kenaf fiber rotted with different enzyme concentration levels. Enzyme rotted kenaf fiber showed better cyeability when pectin, lignin, and hemicellulose were removed.