• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.61 no.6
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• pp.346-351
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• 2017

This study was planned considering the chain length, hydrophilicity, and hydrophobicity of the additives to be used in the polymerization, while various ophthalmic lenses that use various additives with similar water contents were manufactured before their optical and physical properties were compared and analyzed. With regard to the additives required for manufacturing high-, medium-, and low-water content lens groups, HEA (hydroxyethyl acrylate), PVP (polyvinylpyrrolidone), and NMV(N-methyl-N-vinylacetamide) were used as additives for preparing the high-water content lens group, HEMA(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate), HPMA(hydroxypropyl methacrylate) and BD(1,4-butanediol) were used for the medium-water content lens group. For the low-water content lens group, BMA(buthyl methacrylate), BDDA(1,4-butanediol diacrylate), and Bis-GMA(bisphenol A glycerolate diacrylate) were used, respectively. The average water content of HEA was 40.14%; that of PVP, 39.63%; and that of NMV, 40.52%. The mean of water content was 35.92% for HEMA, 35.74% for BD, and 34.62% for HPMA. For the low-water content lens group, the mean of water content was 26.69% for BMA, 27.76% for BDDA, and 26.14% for Bis-GMA. With regard to the results of the water content measurement using a moisture analyzer, the average water content of the high-water content lens group was 41.34% for HEA, 42.62% for PVP, and 42.73% for NMV. Finally, for the low-water content lens group, the average water content was 28.62% for BMA, 28.82% for BDDA, and 28.32% for Bis-GMA. The measurements of the water contents of the lenses using the two methods showed that the water content and refractive index of the lenses were similar in all the lens groups. The measurements of the contact angles, however, showed a different wettability value for each lens with a similar water content. Also, the change tendency of the lens curvature according to the change of time showed that the change amount became larger and the recovery time became longer from the lens samples with a lower water content to those with a higher water content. Based on these results that will be helpful for the study of ophthalmic lenses.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 1996

We have prepared diamine-benzoquinone polymer which was known to excellent water proofing, high adhesion strength and good anti-corrosive effect, and have investigate with the possibility of application as a high performance resin for coatings. First of all, the reactivity of diamine-benzoquinone has been described an example of polymer reaction with research trend. The polymer reaction was divided into the polymerization with several diamine-benzoquinone and urethane group. The synthetic resin was shown a high solubility. In case of polymer containing urethane, water absorption content, water proofing and mechanical properties were controlled with the content, water proofing and mechanical properties were controlled with the content of quinone. It was shown that an use of choice was a possible result for various coatings. Diamine-quinone polymer can be used as a new resin for coatings. In addition, the polymer containing a functional group was shown a useful applicability as a high performance resin.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.672-677
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• 2008

In order to explore the anti-oxidization effect of oriental medicine and cereal medium(OCM) where Tricholoma matsutake mycelia were cultured, measurement of hot water extract and UMPM(extraction method using ultra sonic waves, micro waves, micro bubble) extract, the total polyphenol content of crude polysaccharide from each extract, SOD-like activity, electron donating ability(EDA), xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity, and tyrosinase inhibitory activity was conducted. The total polyphenol content of each extract was found to be 16.36% for hot water extract(HE) group and 15.73% for UMPM extract(UE) group and the amount of crude polysaccharide precipitated into ethanol of extracts was found to be 8.79% for UMPM ethanol extract(UEE) group and 6.48% for hot water ethanol extract(HEE) group. As a result of measurement of SOD-like activity by concentration of each extract, it was found to be 96.17% for UE group, 91.23% for HE group, 91.33% for UEE group, and 87.11% for HEE group at 20 mg/mL. In the case of EDA, it was found to be 47.55% for UE group, 44.93% for HE group, 25.38% for UEE group, and 18.36% for HEE group. And in the cases of the rates of xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity and tyrosinase inhibitory activity, as the concentration of each extract increased, the inhibition rate increased accordingly. As a result of comparison between hot water extract method and UMPM extract method using extracts obtained from oriental medicine compound medium where Tricholoma matsutake mycelia were cultured, all of the extracts were judged to have a high anti-oxidization effect. In particular, UMPM extracts were found to have higher polyphenol content, SOD-like activity, EDA, xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity and tyrosinase inhibitory activity compared to hot water extract method. In this regard, extracts obtained from OCM where Tricholoma matsutake mycelia were cultured are considered to have high availability as functional material when and if they are prepared using UMPM extract method.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.63-69
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• 1987

Silk fibroin is likely to be hydrolyzed by acids or alkalies at high temperature, and the degree of the hydrolysis has been inferred from the changes in tensile strength and elongation. But, in this experiment, it was intended to infer that from the quantitative changes in terminal aminp group content as well as in tensile strength and elongation. Silk yarn was treated with boiling water, hydrochloric acid, and sodium hydroxide under various conditions. The boiling water somewhat degraded silk fibroin. Silk yarn treated with sodium hydroxide contained more terminal amino group than that treated with hydrochloric acid. This result agreed fairly well with the loss in weight, tensile strength, and elongation: the terminal amino group content increased with the decrease of tensile strength, elongation, and weight. The damage by sodium hydroxide to the silk fibroin was greater than that by hydrochloric acid.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.41-53
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• 2020

Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Silbi-san on the antioxidant and fat accumulation inhibition and to analyze the anti-obesity effect by analyzing the changes in serum lipid composition in obese mice. Methods We compared contents of phytochemicals like total polyphenols and total flavonoid and antioxidant activities such as 2,2-dipheny-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2.2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) radical scavenging activity. After Silbi-san in 3T3-L1 cells in vitro and mouse adipose tissue ex vivo, we quantified intracellular triglyceride accumulation and lipolysis. Moreover, the anti-obesity activity though inhibiting pancreatic lipase were analyzed. In 3T3-L1 cells, morphological changes showed that control cells had many lipid while cells treated with Silbi-san had less lipid accumulation. 30% EtOH Silbi-san treatment also suppressed the fat absorption by inhibiting the activity of pancreatic lipase and led to high lipolysis through promoting glycerol release. The experimental group was divided into four groups: Normal group fed normal feed, Control group fed 60% high fat diet (HFD) and distilled water, drug group fed 60% high fat diet and 200 mg/kg of Silbi-san water extract, drug group fed 60% HFD and 200 mg/kg of Silbi-san 30% ethanol extract. Results Serum total cholesterol content and serum low density lipoprotein-cholesterol content were significantly decreased in the Silbi-san extract group compared to the control group, serum high density lipoprotein-cholesterol content was significantly increased in Silbi-san extract group. Conclusions In this study, the antioxidant and fat accumulation inhibitory effects of Silbi-san were confirmed.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.28 no.9
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• pp.817-824
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• 1995

This study was performed to evaluate the effect of dietary protein level on Ca efficiency in bone mineral density in growing male rats. Twenty male rate were divided into two groups. The rats in one group were fed on casein 20% diet as control group and the others were fed on casein 40% diet as protein group. All rats were fed on experimental diet and deionized water ad libitum for 9 weeks. The total body, spine and femur bone mineral density and bone mineral content were measured using dual energy-x ray absorptiometry. Urinary calcium, phosphate, pyridinoline and creatinine, serum calcium, phosphate, total protein, albumin, alkaline phosphatase(ALP) and osteocalcin were measured. Urinary Ca excretion, pyridinoline and crosslinks value and serum ALP content seem to be increased in high protein group. It appears that the growing rats in high protein group had a higher bone resprption and bone formation than those in control group. Animal fad a high protein diet had a siginficantly higher Ca efficiency in BMD, BMC of total body, spine and femur. The results of this show that increasing of dietary protein level (40%) is beneficial of improvement of Ca efficiency during growing period.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.233-243
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• 2016

This study examined the antioxidant activity and lipid composition of rats fed a high fat-high cholesterol diet containing Salvia plebeia water extract. Three levels (50 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg) of Salvia plebeia water extract were administered to seven weeks old male Sprague Dawley rats for four weeks. The activity of glutathione peroxidase in serum was high in all groups that received the Salvia plebeia water extract (p<0.05). The glutathione reductase activity was high (p<0.05) in groups that received 50 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg of Salvia plebeia water extract. When rats received Salvia plebeia water extract, the content of MDA (malondialdehyde) in the serum and liver was low in all groups. In addition, the serum total lipid, triglyceride, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol contents decreased significantly (p<0.05). Total cholesterol and triglyceride levels in the liver were significantly lower in the group that received the Salvia plebeia water extract than in the control group (p<0.05). Salvia plebeia water extract improves lipid metabolism and it almost meets with the increase of antioxidant activity and peroxide formation reduction. Based on these results, supplemented of a high fat-hypercholesterol diet with Salvia plebeia can increase antioxidant activity and depress peroxide formation in serum, as well as liver cholesterol and triglycerides.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.365-371
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• 2001

The optimum dosage of quicklime in producing organic fertilizer using livestock wastes vith a greater than 80% water content was analysed. After one day had elapsed to allow for the organic fentilizer to dry, the quicklime dosage and the composition of the organic fertilizer were analysed. Any from done to the organic fertilizer was also assessed. The amount of the quicklime required to stabilize livestock wastes was determined by water content of livestock wastes. For J farm(slurry style) of which livestock wastes have 94.6% of water concentration, less than 3% of total amount of livestock wastes, for H farm (scraper style) of which livestock wastes have 85% of water concentration, less then 4% of total livestock wastes and Y farm(traditional style) of which livestock wastes have 80% of water concentration, less then 5% of total livestock wastes. Generally, in order to pack the organic fertilizer, water containing quicklime0stabilized livestock wastes should be less than 35%. It takes 9 days to keep this water content for the wastes from H and Y farms(less than 85% in water content), and 12 days for the wastes from J (94.6% in water content). According to the classification standard for compost constitution by Higgins, the crude fertilizers from all 3 farms had high grade $K_2O$ and CaO, the middle grade T-N and middle or low grade $P_2O_5$. Stabilization by quicklime is known to inhibit bacterial decomposition of organic matter and the activity of pathogenic organisms. In this study, more then 99.99% of coliform group, fecal group and viable cell count were reduced. Our results indicate that livestock wastes of greater 80% water content could be used to produce organic fertilizer without the addition of a material for moisture control.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.590-593
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• 1996

This study was done to evaluate the effect of dietary calcium level (a diet which met 100% or twice the calcium level in AIN-76 diet) on preventing bone loss in ovariectomized rats. Forty Sprauge-Dawley female rats(body weight 200$\pm$5g)were divided into two groups. One group were ovariecotomized (Ovx) while the others received sham operation(Sham). Thereafter, each rat group was further divided into normal calcium diet(0.52%) and high calcium diet(1.04%) subgroups. All rats were fed on experimental diet and deionized water ad libitum for 8 weeks. The total body, spine and femur bone mineral densities and bone mineral contents were measured by Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry, Eight weeks following operation, ovariectomized rats fed a high calcium diet had a significantly higher total bone mineral content, total bone calcium content, spine bone mineral density, spine bone mineral content and femur bone mineral content than ovariectomized rats fed control calcium diet. The correlation between dietary calcium intake level and spine bone mineral density were positive, but there was no correlation between dietary calcium intake and femur bone mineral density. The findings from the present study demonstrated that bone loss due to ovarian hormonal deficiency can be partially prevented by a high calcium diet. Futhermore, these findings support the strategy of the use of a high calcium diet in the prevention of estrogen depleted bone loss(postmenopausal osteoporosis)

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.147-154
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• 2012

Objectives : This study was performed to find best extraction solvent for application of Ulmi cortex to food or herbal medicine as an antioxidant only using water, ethanol and their mixtures. Methods : The Ulmi cortex extracts were prepared using water and 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% and 100% (v/v) ethanol, and were evaluated yields, total polyphenol contents, DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities, lipid peroxidation activities, and catechin and epicatechin contents. Results : Among the Ulmi cortex extracts, the yield was highest in water extract (8.9%) and lowest in ethanol extract (3.8%). The yield of 30% ethanol extract (8.5%) also was very high to similar with water extract. The total polyphenol content was highest in the 30% ethanol extract ($253.6{\mu}g/mg$ extract) and lowest in water extract ($109.0{\mu}g/mg$ extract). The DPPH radical scavenging activity was highest in ethanol extract (IC50, $8.53{\mu}g/ml$), ABTS radical scavenging activity was highest in 60% ethanol extract (IC50, $3.08{\mu}g/ml$), and the inhibition of lipid peroxidation was highest in 70% ethanol extract (IC50, $7.96{\mu}g/ml$). As ethanol content of extraction solvent increased from 0% to 30%, the antioxidant activities were remarkably increased whereas from 30% to 100%, the antioxidant activities were increased or decreased a little. Conclusions : The findings of the present study suggest that 30% ethanol is best solvent for extraction of Ulmi cortex, considering yield, polyphenol content, and antioxidant activities with extraction cost.