• Korean Journal of Microbiology
• /
• v.54 no.3
• /
• pp.200-207
• /
• 2018

At high salt concentration, glycine betaine is transported into Bacillus subtilis and growing rate of the cell is not suppressed. Also according to recent studies, cell growth is maintained normal growth rate at low temperature. Low temperature results in a stress response of Bacillus subtilis that is characterized by strong repression of major metabolic activities such as translation machinery and membrane transport. In this regards, genes showing cold sensitive phenotype are cold-induced DEAD box RNA helicases (ydbR, yqfR) and fatty acid desaturases (bkdR, des). Therefore to understand the effect of glycine betaine on cold growth of Bacillus subtilis, we investigated the effect of glycine betaine on growth rate of these deletion mutants showing cold sensitive phenotype. Glycine betaine strongly stimulated growth of wild type Bacillus subtilis JH642 and deletion mutants of ydbR and yqfR at $20^{\circ}C$ (190~686 min $T_d$ difference). On the other hands, glycine betaine does not show growth promoting effects on deletion mutants of bkdR, and des at cold conditions. Same cold protectant growth results were shown with the precursor choline instead of glycine betaine. We investigated the effects of detergents on the cell membrane in bkdR and des deficient strains associated with cell membrane. It was identified that bkdR deficient strain shows retarded growth with detergent such as Triton X-100 or N-lauryl sarcosine compared with wild type cell. Thus, it is possible that deletion mutation of bkdR modifies membrane structure and effects on transport of glycine betaine.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.137-142
• /
• 2013

Pseudohypoaldosteronism (PHA) is a condition characterized by renal salt wasting, hyperkalemia, and metabolic acidosis due to renal tubular resistance to aldosterone. Systemic PHA1 is a more severe condition caused by defective transepithelial sodium transport due to mutations in the genes encoding the ${\alpha}$ (SCNN1A), ${\beta}$ (SCNN1B), or ${\gamma}$ (SCNN1G) subunits of the epithelial sodium channel at the collecting duct, and involves the sweat glands, salivary glands, colon, and lung. Although systemic PHA1 is a rare disease, we believe that genetic studies should be performed in patients with normal renal function but with high plasma renin and aldosterone levels, without a history of potassium-sparing diuretic use or obstructive uropathy. In the present report, we describe a case of autosomal recessive PHA1 that was genetically diagnosed in a newborn after severe hyperkalemia was noted.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.26 no.4
• /
• pp.743-750
• /
• 1997

Direct measurement of the kinetics of free fatty acid transfer between phospholipid model membrane is technically limited by the rapid nature of the transfer process. Separation of membrane-bound fatty acid by centrifugation has shown that although the equilibrium distribution of free fatty acid is determined by this method, fatty acid transfer occurs too rapidly for accurate kinetic measurements. Recently fluorescence resonance energy transfer(FRET) assay has been developed to examine transfer of fatty acids between membranes. Donor membranes which has fluorescent fatty acid, anthroyloxy fatty acid(AOFA), is mixed with acceptor membranes which has non-interchangeable fluorescent quencher, nitrobenzo-xadiazol(NBD), using stopped flow apparatus. As the fluorescent fatty acids transfer from donor membrane to acceptor membrane, fluorescence intensity would be decreased and the rate and degree of fatty acid transfer can be analyzed. Fatty acid transfer between micelles is more complicated because of bile salt. Therefore in experiments with micelles, fluorescence self quenching assay is used. At high concentrations, a fluorophore tends to quench its own fluorescence causing a reduction in fluorescence intensity. Donor micelles contained self quenching concentrations of fluorophore and acceptor micelles had no fluorophore. Upon mixing of donor and acceptor micelles, the rate of transfer of the fluorophore from the donor to the acceptor was measured by monitoring the release in self quenching when its concentration in donor decreased over time.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
• /
• v.28 no.3
• /
• pp.92-98
• /
• 2010

Ferritic stainless steels, which have relatively small thermal expansion coefficient and excellent corrosion resistance, are increasingly being used in vehicle manufacturing, in order to increase the lifetime of exhaust manifold parts. But, there are limits on use because of the problem related to cosmetic resistance, corrosions of condensation and high temperature salt etc. So, Aluminum-coated stainless steel instead of ferritic stainless steel are utilized in these parts due to the improved properties. In this investigation, Al-8wt% Si alloy coated 409L ferritic stainless steel was used as the base metal during Gas Tungsten Arc(GTA) welding. The effects of coated layer on the microstructure and hardness were investigated. Full penetration was obtained, when the welding current was higher than 90A and the welding speed was lower than 0.52m/min. Grain size was the largest in fusion zone and decreased from near HAZ to base metal. As welding speed increased, grain size of fusion zone decreased, and there was no big change in HAZ. Hardness had a peak value in the fusion zone and decreased from the bond line to the base metal. The highest hardness in the fusion zone resulted from the fine re-precipitation of the coarse TiN and Ti(C, N) existed in the base metal during melting and solidification process and the presence of fine $Al_2O_3$ and $SiO_2$ formed by the migration of the elements, Al and Si, from the melted coating layer into the fusion zone.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.169-198
• /
• 1996

The objectives of this investigation are : 1. To analyze spectral signature and the associated vegetation index for geometric illumination conditions inf1uenced by low solar elevation and high slope orientations in mountainous forest. 2. To assess the accuracy of the spectral angle mapper classification for the a winter land cover in comparison with the maximum likelihood classification. 3. To produce the image of water quality and water properties that could be used to estimate the water pollution sources and the tide-included by turbid water in estuarine and coastal areas. These objectives are to characterize environmental and ecological monitoring applications of the Nak-Dong River Basin by using Fuyo-1 OPS VNIR data acquired on December 26, 1992. The results of this paper are as follows : 1. The spectral digital numbers and vegetation indexes (NDVI and TVI) of mountainous forest are higher on the slope facing the sun than on the slope hidden the sun under low sun elevation condition. 2. The spectral angle mapper algorithm produces a more accurate land cover classification of areas with steep slope, various aspects and low solar elevation than the maximum likelihood classifier. 3. The maximum likelihood classification images can be used for identifying the location and movement of both freshwater and salt water, regardless of geometric illumination conditions. 4. The color-coded density sliced image of selected water bodies by using the near-infrared band 3 can provide distribution of the water quality of the Lower Nak-Dong River. 5. The color-coded normalized difference vegetation index image of the selected mountain forest is suitable to classify winter vegetation cover types, i.e., forest canopy densities for slope orientations.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
• /
• v.23 no.6
• /
• pp.575-581
• /
• 2007

Suaeda japonica is the one of halophyte species which is widely spread in the Ganghwado tidal flat. Halophyte affects to the vertical development of wetland by enhancing the adhesion force of sediments. If demineralization of tidal flat proceeds, the colony of halophyte moves to the seaside where has relatively high salinity content. The change of halophyte zonation can be an environmental indicator to understand the landization of tidal flat. To interpret the spectral characteristics of halophyte, we measured the reflectance of suaeda japonica, reed and sediment around Donggumdo tidal flat in Ganghwado. First and second-derivation analysis was applied to these transformed spectra in order to identify which spectral ranges were distinguished with different coastal wetland vegetation and artificial structures. From the result, red reflectance peak of suaeda japonica were appeared at 600-650nm and greed reflectance peak of reed were appeared at 500-570nm. Spectra of sediments were continuously increased from 350-550nm without any absorption by chlorophyll. These reflectance were easily identified among the spectra of halophyte.

• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.27-35
• /
• 2018

In this study, we evaluated the antioxidant activity and anti-inflammatory effects of Abeliophyllum distichum (A. distichum) leaves that were prepared via air-drying. Fresh and air-dried A. distichum leaves were examined via 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical, and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) radical scavenging assay and measurements of the reducing power. The suppression effects on inflammation of the leaves were analyzed by a western blot and RT-PCR on LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. As a result, the antioxidant activity of the fresh leaves was found to be more effective than that of the air-dried leaves. Also, the fresh leaves were more effective in suppressing the protein and mRNA levels of iNOS and COX-2 than the air-dried leaves, thereby indicating the better anti-inflammatory effects. In addition, the contents of phenolic compounds and acteoside were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results showed that the acteoside content decreased with the use of the air-drying method, while there was no change in the content of phenolic compounds. Therefore, this study indicated that fresh A. distichum leaves potential antioxidant and suppression activities of various factors that are involved in the production of NO, which were found to be better than those of air-dried A. distichum leaves. These biological activities were also found to be independent of the content of phonolic compounds and were assumed to be directly or indirectly related to the content of acteoside.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.8 no.4
• /
• pp.177-181
• /
• 1975

The pot experiment was conducted primarily to clarify the relationship between lime application and they amount of potassium for the basal and top dressings on paddy rice. (Orizae sativa L. cultivar; variety Jinheung) The soils mixed with lime and without lime were separately filled in to 0.2827 a. open-bottom concretepots. The soil with lime was treated with slaked lime, at two weeks before transplanting to correct soil pH. around 7.0. The total amount of potassium 12 kilograms per 10a was applied by two or three split doses during transplanting, 19 days after transplanting and primodial stages. The results of experiment obtained are summarized as follows: 1. The application of potash in the rate of 4kg per 10a or less for basal dressing and the remaining amount of potash for top dressing at 19 days after transplanting and primodial stage or one top dressing, at primodial stage have increased the yield of paddy with increased number of panicles per hill, milliequivalent ratio of $K^-/Ca^{++}+Mg^{++}$ in leaves in the later stage of growth, number of ripened grains per panicle, and rate of grain maturity. 2. On the other hand, the greater the amount of potassium given for the basal dressing (over 4kilograms per 10a), the smaller number of tillers and panicles were resulted. And the tendency was considered chiefly due to high salt concentration at the early stage of rice growth.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.44 no.5
• /
• pp.752-761
• /
• 2011

Recently, upland crops cultivation instead of paddy crops are more popular and highlighted by increase of social demand in agricultural land use. Especially, wheat cultivation for replacing of import food grain are more interested by government, and it is urgently needed that possibility of wheat cultivation is evaluated in the reclaimed tidal land. Crop cultivation is closely related with soil salinity and cultivation method in the reclaimed tidal land. In order to evaluate possibility of wheat cultivation, effect of different application level of compost and nitrogen additional fertilizer, also soil salinity on the grain yield and yield components of three wheat cultivars was studied at the newly reclaimed Saemangeum and Hwanong tidal lands in Korea. $270-300kg\;10a^{-1}$ of grain yield were obtained at the experimental site in the Saemangeum reclaimed tidal land where soil salinity was less than $4dS\;m^{-1}$ during growing periods from December, 2009 to June, 2010. However, almost no grain yield was obtained at the experimental site in the Hwaong reclaimed tidal land, where soil salinity was more than average $8dS\;m^{-1}$ ranged from 2.0 to $25.9dS\;m^{-1}$ during growing period and then salt demage was severe. Yield was significantly different among application level of compost and nitrogen additional fertilizer in the newly reclaimed Saemangeum tidal land. However, it is considered that three cultivars such as Chopum, Chogyung and Geumgang, have similar sensibility to soil salinity and fertilizer level, because there is statistically no difference among ciltivars in Hwaong and Saemangeum, and also among cultivars in the different levels of compost and fertilizer. Finally, it is concluded that wheat can be possibly produced by reasonable fertilizer application in the Saemangeum reclaimed tidal land, but wheat cultivation is impossible because of high soil salinity in the Hwaong reclaimed tidal land.

• Clean Technology
• /
• v.27 no.3
• /
• pp.255-260
• /
• 2021

A drawback in the CO₂ capture process using an aqueous amine solution is the high energy requirement for the regeneration process. In order to overcome this disadvantage, this study investigated CO₂ capture characteristics using a biphasic absorbent in which isopropanol (IPA) was introduced into an aqueous solution of diethylenetriamine (DETA). When the IPA composition exceeded 20 wt% in 20 wt% DETA aqueous solution, the absorbent phase was liquid-liquid separated into a CO₂-rich phase and a CO₂-lean phase because of the low solubility of the salt formed by the reaction of CO₂ with DETA in isopropanol. When the isopropanol composition in the DETA aqueous solution increased, the phase volume ratio of the CO₂-rich phase to the volume of the CO₂-lean phase increased; and, accordingly, the CO₂ in the CO₂-rich phase was more concentrated. The results of absorbing CO₂ in a packed tower using 20 wt% DETA + IPA + water absorbent confirmed that both the CO₂ absorption capacity and the absorption rate were higher than that of the 20 wt% DETA aqueous solution. When a biphasic absorbent composed of DETA + IPA + water is applied to CO₂ capture, it can be expected to concentrate CO₂ because of phase separation and thereby reduce regeneration energy owing to volume reduction of the CO₂-rich phase.