• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.1591-1601
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• 2013

In this study, It is conducted for novice drivers about driving behavior and psychological characteristics analysis to reduce traffic accident risk and provide the basic data of education program development. Therefore, this study classified by the category-specific characteristics and hazard prediction through survey of the novice driver and unpredictable behavior and psychological characteristics were studied. The novice and general characteristics and driving behavior with vehicle simulators, comparison and analysis of the novice driver traffic safety education basic research direction based on the statistical results. Prediction the results of this study, the Hazard of the driver, speeding, traffic violation, information providing omission, abrupt change, the number of accidents in all areas novice driver is high compared to the general driver. In addition, Novice driver showed a statistically significant level of Hazard compared to the general driver target novice drivers and the general ability to predict Hazard of violation, abrupt change, and a number of traffic accidents were omitted level of speeding and other information providing level drivers all showed similar results. Vehicle simulator. The experimental results showed that novice drivers compared to drivers poorly overall driving performance. It showed a notable difference in the number of collisions, especially novice drivers compared to drivers in complex road traffic conditions due to a lack of driving experience and learning ability are considered.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.129-142
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• 2015

PURPOSES : The purpose of this study is to suggest a basis for setting appropriate safety goals specifically related to the threshold zone luminance in a vehicular traffic tunnel. METHODS : In the test, drivers were divided into two groups. One group consisted of all drivers (average drivers) group with an age ratio of drivers holding domestic driver's license and driver group by age to produce threshold zone luminance in the tunnel. The threshold zone luminance produced as a result was used to analyze how it affects the safety level of each driver group and provide a basis for setting an appropriate safety criterion that can be used to determine threshold zone luminance. We used test equipment, test conditions, and ananalysis of threshold zone luminance identical to that reported by ChoandJung(2014) but the values of adaptation luminance in our analys is were expanded to range from100 to $10,000cd/m^2$. RESULTS : Adaptation luminance and threshold zone luminance are found to be related by a quadratic function. The threshold zone luminance needed by older drivers to ensure a certain safety level is significantly higher than that for drivers of other age brackets when adaptation luminance increases. 56% of older drivers are at an increased risk of an accident at the same luminance for which the safety level of average drivers is 75%. The safety level that can be achieved for older drivers increases to above 60% when threshold zone luminance level is set with the goal of attaining a safety level of more than 85% for average drivers. The safety level that can be attained for average drivers is above 90% when the threshold zone luminance is high enough to ensure over 75% in the safety level of older drivers. Results of this study are applicable to highways and others whose designed speed is 100 km/h. CONCLUSIONS : Threshold zone luminance determined on the basis of drivers having average visual ability is of limited value as a performance standard for ensuring the safety of older drivers. Hence, safety level for older drivers should be considered separately from safety levels for drivers with an average ability to avoid risk. Upward adjustment of older drivers' safety level in the process of determining appropriate threshold zone luminance in a vehicular traffic tunnel may bring both tangible and intangible benefit as a result of reducing accidents. However, there is an associated dollar cost arising from installing and operating lights. As a result, the economic impact of these trade-offs should also be considered.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.757-766
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• 2016

This study was conducted to examine the usage effects of an augmented reality head-up display (AR-HUD) system on the risk perception and psychological changes of drivers. To do so, we conducted an experiment to collect the driver response times for vehicles and pedestrians as their risk perception behavior, and used a driving behavior determinants questionnaire consisting of Problem Evading, Benefits/Sensation Seeking, Anti-Personal Anxiety, Anti-Personal Angry, and Aggression factors for collecting the psychological characteristics of the drivers. Thirty drivers were randomly assigned into an in-vehicle AR-HUD using group and a control group. As a result, the Anti-Personal Anxiety and Anti-Personal Angry factors were negatively correlated with the response time for the control group. In contrast, these results were not shown for the in-vehicle AR-HUD system using group. These results indicate that the in-vehicle AR-HUD system may partially induce a relaxation of tension or stress for drivers with a high level of interpersonal anxiety. Therefore, the in-vehicle AR-HUD system might contribute to not only the visual safety driving behaviors of drivers, but also to their psychological driving safety with specific characteristics.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.95-100
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• 2000

This is a study to evaluate the effects of the safety of ambulance driving and traffic accidents and to provide statistic information for the various factors to reduce the ambulance traffic accidents. The major instruments of this study were Korean Self-Analysis Driver Opinionnaire. This Questionnaire contains 8 items which measure drivers' opinions or attitudes: driving courtesy, emotion, traffic law, speed, vehicle condition, the use of drugs, high-risk behavior, human factors. The total of 145 divers were investigated ambulance drivers in Taejon City and others(6 City) from 2000. 5. July to 2000. 11. July. The data were analyzed by the path analysis - with SPSS and AMOS package program. The result are as follows : 1. It have suggested that risk factors of ambulance traffic accident much affected with emotion and speed control on safety ambulance driving(Y(Accident) = $0.88{\times}1$(Emotion Control) + $0.92{\times}2$(Speed) - $0.46{\times}3$(Traffic Law)+E). 2. It have suggested that risk factors of ambulance traffic accident much affected with emotion and speed control on safety ambulance driving(Y(Accident) = $0.398{\times}1$(Emotion Control) + $0.500{\times}2$(Speed) - $0.263{\times}3$(Traffic Law)+E) by coefficiecial structural analysis.

• Journal of Auto-vehicle Safety Association
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.40-49
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• 2018

Currently, a lot of researches about high risk test scenarios for autonomous vehicle and advanced driver assistance systems have been carried out to evaluate driving safety. This study proposes new type of test scenario that evaluate the driving safety for autonomous vehicle by reconstructing accident database of national automotive sampling system crashworthiness data system (NASS-CDS). NASS-CDS has a lot of detailed accident data in real fields, but there is no data of accurate velocity in accident moments. So in order to propose scenario generation method from accident database, we try to reconstruct accident moment from accident sketch diagram. At the same step, we propose an accident of occurrence frequency which is based on accident codes and road shapes. The reconstruction paths from accident database are integrated into evaluation of simulation environment. Our proposed methods and processor are applied to MILS (Model In the Loop Simulation) and VILS (Vehicle In the Loop Simulation) test environments. In this paper, a reasonable method of accident reconstruction typology for autonomous vehicle evaluation of feasibility is proposed.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.199-207
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• 2002

This is a study to evaluate the effects of the safety of ambulance driving and the occurrence of ambulance traffic accidents and to provide basic information for the description of various factors to reduce the ambulance traffic accidents. The major instruments of this study were Korean Self-Analysis Driver Opinionnaire. Questionnaire contains 8 items which measure driver's opinions or attitudees: driving courtesy, emotion, traffic law, speed, vehicle condition, the use of drugs, high-risk behavior, human factor. To take the analysis of data, the total of 187 drivers were investigated ambulance drivers in Gwangju Metropolitan City from 2002. 1. September to 2002. 20. September. The data were analyzed by the path analysis SPSS program. The result are as follows : 1. There was desirable attitude group(58.4%) and undesirable attitude group(41.7%) on safety ambulance driving. 2. It have suggested that rist factors of ambulance traffic accident much affected with emotion and speed control on safety ambulance driving(Y(Accident) = -2.00 + 0.6 X1(Emotion Control) + 0.4 $X_2$(Speed control) + E). 3. Almost 92.1% of respondents have agreed to necessity of emergency medical technics for ambulance drivers.

• Journal of Drive and Control
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.62-69
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• 2022

Construction machinery is exposed to accidents such as collisions, narrowness, and overturns during operation. In particular, mobile crane is operated only with the driver's vision and limited information of the assistant worker. Thus, there is a high risk of an accident. Recently, some collision avoidance device using sensors such as cameras and LiDAR have been applied. However, they are still insufficient to prevent collisions in the omnidirectional 3D space. In this study, a rotating LiDAR device was developed and applied to a 250-ton crane to obtain a full-space point cloud. An algorithm that could provide distance information and safety status to the driver was developed. Also, deep-learning segmentation algorithm was used to classify human-worker. The developed device could recognize obstacles within 100m of a 360-degree range. In the experiment, a safety distance was calculated with an error of 10.3cm at 30m to give the operator an accurate distance and collision alarm.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.340-346
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• 2023

Background: Truck driving is a highly sedentary occupation that places workers at risk for chronic health conditions, such as obesity and high blood pressure. The primary purpose of this study was to objectively describe truck drivers' typical physical activity (PA) patterns. Methods: We used ~7-10-day baseline PA actigraphy data samples from drivers in the Safety & Health Involvement For Truckers (SHIFT) study (n = 394). Driver PA patterns (e.g., average number of ≥10 minute Freedson bouts per week, time in bouts, and common days/times for PA) were summarized with descriptive analyses. We also compared objective accelerometer data to self-reports. Results: Drivers' weekly PA averaged 14.4 minutes (SD = 37.0), and most PA occurred between 5-6 pm on Tuesdays and Wednesdays. Drivers overestimated self-reported weekly exercise by over 60 min/week compared to accelerometer data. Conclusion: Our results suggest that objective PA assessment may be warranted over self-report when possible, and timing may be key in future PA intervention work with truck drivers.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.132-139
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• 2020

The ionizer module used in this air cleaner supplies high voltages of 3.5KV / -4KV to the discharge electrode HV+ / HV- using a winding transformer to generate positive and negative ions by electric field radiation of carbon fiber brush. The ionizer module circuit using the existing MCU has the disadvantage of large PCB size and expensive price, and the gate driver chip using the existing ring oscillator has oscillation period sensitive to PVT (Process-Voltage-Temperature) fluctuation and there is risk of fire or electric shock because there is no fault detection function by short circuit of HV+ and GND as well as HV- and GND. Therefore, in this paper, even though PVT fluctuates, by using 7-bit binary up counter, HV+ voltage reaches the target voltage by adjusting oscillation period. And an HV+ short fault detection circuit for detecting a short circuit between HV+ and GND, an HV- short fault detection circuit for detecting a short circuit between HV- and GND, and an OVP (Over-Voltage Protection) for detecting that HV+ rises above an overvoltage are newly proposed.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.25 no.7
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• pp.962-970
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• 2021

The cause of the majority of vehicle accidents is a safety issue due to the driver's inattention, such as drowsy driving. A forward collision warning system (FCWS) can significantly reduce the number and severity of accidents by detecting the risk of collision with vehicles in front and providing an advanced warning signal to the driver. This paper describes a low power embedded system based FCWS for safety. The algorithm computes time to collision (TTC) through detection, tracking, distance calculation for the vehicle ahead and current vehicle speed information with a single camera. Additionally, in order to operate in real time even in a low-performance embedded system, an optimization technique in the program with high and low levels will be introduced. The system has been tested through the driving video of the vehicle in the embedded system. As a result of using the optimization technique, the execution time was about 170 times faster than that when using the previous non-optimized process.