• 생명과학회지
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.605-609
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• 2002

개의 염색체수는 2n=78이며 염색체의 형태를 보면 submetacentric chromosome metacentric chromosome인 X와 Y를 제외하고 모든 상염색체가 acrocentric chromosome이며 그 크기가 작고 크기의 차이가 나지 않는 염색체들이 많아 G-banding등에 의한 핵형의 표준화가 완전하게 이루어지고 있지 않다. 본 연구fl서는 G-banding high-resolution-banding NOR- banding등의 방법을 이용하여 개의 미소 염색체들에 대한 핵형 및 염색체 동정을 하고자 하였다. C-banding과 high-resolution banding에 의한 그 결과 아직 표준화가 되어 있지 않은 염색체 중 34번, 37번 등의 염색체에서 본 연구 결과가 차이가 있었으나 이는 해석상의 차이로 보이며 NOR-banding에 의한 분석결과 Y염색체와 3쌍의 상염색체에서 존재함을 확인 할 수 있었고 이는 개의 염색체 동정의 지표로 활용할 수 있으리라고 생각된다.

• 한국가금학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국가금학회 2000년도 제17차 정기총회 및 학술발표
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• pp.85-87
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• 2000

To obtain the genetic information of Korean native livestock, the karyotyping of Korean native chick were performed by high-resolution banding technique. The chromosomes were prepared from lymphocyte culture and early embryos with 200 Korean native chick which have been raised at National Livestock Research Institute. There were no significant difference between Korean native chick and Leghorn in the number of chromosomes and chromosomal morphological pattern. Using high resolution banding technique, the yield of G-bands of prophase is much greater than that can be obtained by International System for Standardzed Avian Karyotypes(ISSAK, 1999). The G-band landmarks of Korean native chick were similar to those of ISSAK and Leghorn except some macrochromosomes. chromosome Z and 3 had C-band variants with heteromorphic patterns on distal and centromeric site. The proportion of constitutive heterochromatin, the heterochromatin ratio of Korean native chick was significantly more than that of Leghorn in all chromosomes.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2003

본 연구에서는 국내 고유 재래 가축들의 유전정보와 유전학적 개량의 기초자료 제공을 목적으로 고분염 분석(high-resolution banding) 방법에 의한 한국재래계의 염색체 분염 표지를 제시하였다. 본 연구에 공시된 한국재래계로서는 축산기술연구소에서 계통화 시킨 황갈색 및 적갈색 계통으로 이들이 생산한 수정란의 초기 배자를 이용하여 염색체 분석을 수행하였으며 닭의 초기배자에 EtBr 및 colchicine을 처리함으로써 보다 양호한 고정도 염색체를 획득하였다. 한국재래계의 GTG-banding 결과 모든 상동염색체간에 뚜렷하고 특징적인 band 양상을 얻을 수 있었으며, Leghorn 및 국제표준핵형(ISSAK)과 비교시 염색체의 형태적 양상에서는 거의 차이가 없는 것으로 분석되었고 대표적 landmark간에도 거의 일치되는 양상을 보였다 그러나 대부분의 한국재래계의 대형염색체에서 더 많은 G-band의 분리 양상을 보이고 특히 1번 및 Z 염색체에서 특징적 분리 양상의 차이를 보였다. 한국재래계의 C-banding 분석에서는 세포별 heterochromatin의 다형성을 보이기는 하나 대부분의 염색체의 동원체와 말단부위에서 C- band가 나타났으며, Z 염색체 장완 말단부와 W 염색체 전체에서는 거의 모든 세포에서 C-band가 출현하였다. 또한 3번 염색체 동원체와 Z 염색체 장완 말단부에서 특징적 다형성을 나타내어 이들 염색체들에서는 상동염색체간 heterochromatin의 이형적 양상(heteromorphic)이 존재함을 밝혔다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.159-162
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• 2004

We investigated the cytogenetic characteristics of male black-striped field mouse (Apodemus agrarium) in Korea. Chromosome slides were obtained from blood cell cultures which were synchronized with thymidine blocking or not. In the chromosome slide which synchronization with thymidine blocking was employed on, the GTG(G bands by trypsin using Giemsa)-bands of high resolution were observed. The male black-striped field mouse has 48 chromosomes composed 46 autosomes and XY sex chromosomes. The centromeric regions of autosomes were positive to GTG-banding. According to this investigation, thymidine blocking in cell culture process was useful to get lengthened chromosomes. It may be necessary to employ RBG-banding technique to investigate complementary band patterns between R- and G-banding in black-striped field mouse.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.109-122
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• 1995

A technique is described for producing high resolution G- and R-banded chromosomes in human peripheral lymphocyte cultures. Cultured lymphocyte cells were exposed to ethidium bromide ($10{\mu}g/ml$) and colcemid ($0.02{\mu}g/ml$) each for 2.5h and 0.5h prior to harvest for high resolution G-banded chromosomes. High resolution R-band patterns were obtained by BrdU substitution which was revealed by the fluorochrome-photolysis-Giemsa staining technique. These methods are easy to perform and highly reliable. The data on relative length of chromosomes at the four mitotic stages are presented in units of percentage of haploid autosome length. The characteristic patterns of GTG-bands (G-bands after trypsin and Giemsa) and RBG bands (R-bands after BrdU and Giemsa) were analyzed.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제9권10호
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• pp.844-851
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• 2003

We introduces a development result of semi-automatic karyotyping system using image processing method to improve a long time working of the manual method and 5% error of traditional automatic karyotying system for analyzing karyotying. The karyotyping procedures have many routine tasks such as searching metaphases, taking pictures, developing, editing, etc. There are several automatic karyotyping systems in order to reduce the task in advanced countries. However, they are very expensive, applicable to only human chromosome, and have too many functions to use easily. This paper takes aim at high quality image resolution and development of interface that can adjust brightness and contrast of image on-line. The system can be applied to animal and plants as well as human's chromosome. The system developed in this paper is applied to pig and human. The effectiveness of the system is proved by hospitals in Korea.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.59-63
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• 1998

Between 1988-1998, cytogenetic analyses were performed for 1,476 couples and 162 women with recurrent abortions. We applied GTG-banding, high resolution-banding and FISH (fluorescent in situ hybridization) techniques in this study. The frequency of balanced translocations was 3.6% (112/3114). Of them, 74 cases (2.38%) were reciprocal translocations and 38 (1.22%) were robertsonian translocations. Chromosome aberrations were more frequent in women (80 cases) than in men (32 cases). No phenotypical abnormalities were found in all carriers who had experienced recurrent spontaneous abortions or experienced giving birth to malformed offsprings. Prenatal cytogenetic analyses were carried out on 40 subsequent pregnancies for carrier couples with balanced translocation. The fetal karyotypes showed that 13 cases (32.5%) were normal, 25 (62.5%) were balanced translocations, and two (6%) were unbalanced translocations. It is believed that the frequency of chromosomal abnormalities in patients with recurrent spontaneous abortion is higher than that of the normal population. Most of the fetal samples showed normal karyotypes or balanced translocations matching that of one of their parents. Although the incidence of chromosomal imbalance in the fetuses was relatively low in prenatal cytogenetic analysis, individuals with balanced translocations are predisposed to giving birth to malformed offsprings with partial trisomy or monosomy. Therefore, we recommend the cytogenetic and the prenatal cytogenetic analysis for those who experiences recurrent abortion as well as in case they become pregnant, to prevent the birth of offsprings with chromosomal abnormalities.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.39-46
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• 2002

Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) is a recently developed PCR-based high resolution fingerprinting method that is able to generate complex banding patterns which can be used to delineate intraspecific genetic relationships among bacteria. In this study, we have modified and evaluated a PCR-based technique, amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis, for use in fingerprinting strains of Staphylococcus aureus. Single-enzyme amplified fragment length polymorphism (SE-AFLP) analysis was used to perform strain identification of Staphylococus aureus. By careful selection of AFLP primers, it was possible to obtain reproducible and sensitive identification to strain level. AFLP fingerprinting of 5 reference strains of Staphylococcus aureus and 65 strains of Staphylococcus aureus that were isolated from food sources of different area and diverse genomic types of Staphylococcus aureus were recognized. As a result of this study, we found that the AFLP patterns of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from Seoul, Taejeon and Gwang-Ju indicated the close relation with genetic similarity. The main purpose of this study was to find an alternative and reliable fingerprinting method to study the overall genetic diversity, using Staphylococcus aureus species as an example, and observed if the method can be successfully applied to all staphylococcal species.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.351-359
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• 2008

In an effort to develop high-resolution sea surface temperature (SST) proxies for mid-latitude regions, two massive reef-building coral species, Alveopora and Favia, were collected from Jeju and Tsushima Islands, respectively. Their skeletons were subsequently analyzed for annual growth banding, Sr/Ca and Mg/Ca ratios. Hermatypic corals are thinly distributed in the waters of Jeju Island, where Alveopora japonica was the only dominant coral species. A higher diversity of hermatypic corals were observed in the waters of Tsushima Island, where Favia sp. was the most common coral species and even forming an about 6-m-high reef structure. Both Alveopora and Favia showed annual growth layers consisting of couplets of high- and low-density bands. Sr/Ca ratio of both species and Mg/Ca ratio of Alveopora also showed seasonal variation, likely reflecting SST variation. These results suggest the possibility that Alveopora and Favia species can be used as potential SST proxies. However, this study also highlights the potential growth disturbance of middle latitude corals due to high rainfall during monsoon and low SST during winter. This possibility should be taken into account in the investigation of Sr/Ca(Mg/Ca)-SST relationships.

• 한국생물정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물정보시스템생물학회 2001년도 제2회 생물정보 워크샵 (DNA Chip Bioinformatics)
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• pp.61-86
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• 2001

All cancers are caused by abnormalities in DNA sequence. Throughout life, the DNA in human cells is exposed to mutagens and suffers mistakes in replication, resulting in progressive, subtle changes in the DNA sequence in each cell. Since the development of conventional and molecular cytogenetic methods to the analysis of chromosomal aberrations in cancers, more than 1,800 recurring chromosomal breakpoints have been identified. These breakpoints and regions of nonrandom copy number changes typically point to the location of genes involved in cancer initiation and progression. With the introduction of molecular cytogenetic methodologies based on fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), namely, comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) and multicolor FISH (m-FISH) in carcinomas become susceptible to analysis. Conventional CGH has been widely applied for the detection of genomic imbalances in tumor cells, and used normal metaphase chromosomes as targets for the mapping of copy number changes. However, this limits the mapping of such imbalances to the resolution limit of metaphase chromosomes (usually 10 to 20 Mb). Efforts to increase this resolution have led to the "new"concept of genomic DNA chip (1 to 2 Mb), whereby the chromosomal target is replaced with cloned DNA immobilized on such as glass slides. The resulting resolution then depends on the size of the immobilized DNA fragments. We have completed the first draft of its Korean Genome Project. The project proceeded by end sequencing inserts from a library of 96,768 bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs) containing genomic DNA fragments from Korean ethnicity. The sequenced BAC ends were then compared to the Human Genome Project′s publicly available sequence database and aligned according to known cancer gene sequences. These BAC clones were biotinylated by nick translation, hybridized to cytogenetic preparations of metaphase cells, and detected with fluorescein-conjugated avidin. Only locations of unique or low-copy Portions of the clone are identified, because high-copy interspersed repetitive sequences in the probe were suppressed by the addition of unlabelled Cotl DNA. Banding patterns were produced using DAPI. By this means, every BAC fragment has been matched to its appropriate chromosomal location. We have placed 86 (156 BAC clones) cytogenetically defined landmarks to help with the characterization of known cancer genes. Microarray techniques would be applied in CGH by replacement of metaphase chromosome to arrayed BAC confirming in oncogene and tumor suppressor gene: and an array BAC clones from the collection is used to perform a genome-wide scan for segmental aneuploidy by array-CGH. Therefore, the genomic DNA chip (arrayed BAC) will be undoubtedly provide accurate diagnosis of deletions, duplication, insertions and rearrangements of genomic material related to various human phenotypes, including neoplasias. And our tumor markers based on genetic abnormalities of cancer would be identified and contribute to the screening of the stage of cancers and/or hereditary diseases