• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.95-101
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• 2013

Objectives : A quantitative method using high performance liquid chromatography with a photodiode array detector(HPLC-PDA) was established for the quantitative analysis of the four main compound and pattern analysis to classification Piiellia ternate, P. pedatisecta and Typhonium flagelliforme. Methods : The analytical procedure for the determination of P. ternata, together with the known main compounds uracil, uridine, guanosine and adenosine was established. Optimum HPLC-PDA separation of these P. ternata was possible on Luna C18(2) column material, using water and acetonitrile as mobile phase. The method was validated according to regulatory guidelines. In addition, this assay method were analyzed for the content of four main compound in P. ternata, P. pedatisecta and T. flagelliforme and by data obtained from the HPLC-PDA analysis was performed principal component analysis(PCA). Results : Validation results indicated that the HPLC method is well suited for the determination of the roots of P. ternata with a good linearity ($r^2$ > 0.999), precision and recovery rates. Analysis of HPLC-PDA, the average content of uracil, uridine, guanosine and adenosine was significantly higher in P. ternate>P. pedatisecta> T. flagelliforme order. The application of PCA to main compound data by HPLC-PDA permitted the effective discrimination among the three species. Conclusions : Analysis of both HPLC-PDA and PCA confirmed the fact that four main compound and pattern profiles of P. ternata, P. pedatisecta and T. flagelliforme were different from each other.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.44-51
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• 2023

Fine dust has emerged as seriously hazardrous particles, which can cause respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. Thus, we have developed a natural complex extract consisted of Codonopsis lanceolata (Siebold & Zucc.) Trautv., Platycodon grandiflorum A. De Candolle, and Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fischer in the ratio of 3 : 5 : 2, which have a beneficial effect on respiratory system. In this study, simultaneous quantitative analysis of marker compounds, lobetyolin, platycodin D, and glycyrrhizic acid in the natural complex extract was developed and validated with high performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array detector. The marker compounds were shown in a large linearity with a correlation coefficient (R²) of 1.000. The limit of detection (LOD) of lobetyolin, platycodin D and glycyrrhizic acid were 5.40 ㎍/mL, 3.94 ㎍/mL and 5.86 ㎍/mL, respectively. The limit of quantification (LOQ) of lobetyolin, platycodin D and glycyrrhizic acid were 16.36 ㎍/mL, 11.94 ㎍/mL and 17.75 ㎍/mL, respectively. The content analysis revealed that the amounts of lobetyolin, platycodin D, and glycyrrhizic acid were 0.039±0.013 mg/g, 0.337±0.048 mg/g, and 1.171±0.003 mg/g, respectively, in the natural complex extract. Therefore, these results could be used as basic data for the standardization and quality control of the natural complex extract.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.58.1-58.8
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• 2024

Importance: Over the past decade, catfish farming has increased in Southeast Asia. However, there has been no existing for pharmacokinetic data in the hybrid catfish (Clarias macrocephalus x C. gariepinus). Objective: This study was designed to evaluate the pharmacokinetic characteristics of oxytetracycline (OTC) in the hybrid catfish, following single intravascular (IV) or oral (PO) administration at a single dosage of 50 mg/kg body weight (BW). Methods: In total, 140 catfish (each about 100-120 g BW) were divided into two groups (n = 70). Blood samples (0.6-0.8 mL) were collected from ventral caudal vein at pre-assigned times up to 144 h (sparse samples design). OTC plasma concentrations were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array detector. Results: The pharmacokinetic parameter of OTC was evaluated using a non-compartment model. OTC plasma concentrations were detectable for up to 144 and 120 h after IV and PO, respectively. The elimination half-life value of OTC was long with slow clearance after IV administration in hybrid catfish. The average maximum concentration value of OTC was 2.72 ㎍/mL with a time at the maximum concentration of 8 h. The absolute PO bioavailability was low (2.47%). Conclusions and Relevance: These results showed that PO administration of OTC at a dosage of 50 mg/kg BW was unlikely to be effective for clinical use in catfish. The pharmacodynamic properties and clinical efficacy of OTC after multiple medicated feed are warranted.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.675-682
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• 2011

This study was conducted to monitor the concentrations of 24 anti-impotence drugs and their analogues in various foods and dietary supplements, with the aim of ensuring the safety of the foods and supplements. The measurements were done in 226 samples using high performance liquid chromatography/photodiode array detector (HPLC/PDA) and liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS). Five male sexual function enhancing products have been detected as follows: acethylvardenafil (21,476 mg/kg; 15 mg/capsule from one sample), sildenafil (52,778 mg/kg, 29 mg/capsule in one sample; 71,535 mg/kg, 48 mg/capsule in one sample), and tadalafil (9,772-55,545 mg/kg, 6-33 mg/capsule in four samples). A sustainable monitoring of anti-impotence drugs and their analogues in various foods and dietary supplement is recommended.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2019.10a
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• pp.64-64
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• 2019

Screening and identification of genetic resources based on their phytoconstituents and morphological characters potentially provide baseline data for researchers, breeders, and nutraceutical companies who wish to formulate a nutrient-dense diet and health beneficial supplement. Thus, we evaluated the amount of total phenolic content and major phenolic compounds; examined if phenolic compounds could be used as distinguishing factors for perilla genetic resources; and investigated the relation between some quantitative and qualitative morphological characters with the contents of phenolic compounds in 360 accessions obtained from National Agrobiodiversity Center gene bank, Jeonju, Korea. Total phenolic content (TPC) was estimated using Folin-Ciocalteu colorimetric assay. Individual phenolic compounds were determined using an Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography system equipped with Photodiode Array detector. Considerable variations were observed in TPC (7.99 to 117.47 mg GAE/g DE), rosmarinic acid (RA) (ND to 19.19 mg/g DE), caffeic acid (CA) (ND to 0.72 mg/g DE), apigenin-7-O-diglucuronide (ADG) (ND to 1.24 mg luteolin equivalent (LUE)/g DE), scutellarein-7-O-glucuronide (SG) (ND to 4.32 mg LUE/g DE), and apigenin-7-O-glucuronide (AG) (ND to 1.60 mg LUE/g DE). RA was the most dominant phenolic compound in most accessions (95.3%) followed by SG. The adaxial leaf color was light green, green and dark green in 13.8%, 65.0%, and 21.1 % of the accessions, respectively. 78.8% of the accessions had light green color at the abaxial side with the remaining being described as green. Most of the accessions (96.9%) were cordate shape, the remaining being eclipse. Intensities of green pigment at abaxial and adaxial leaf surfaces were correlated with contents of individual phenolic compounds and TPC whereas leaf length and width had no correlation with TPC, CA and RA, and negatively correlated with ADG, AG, and SG. Leaf shape was not related with content of phenolic compounds, color of leaves, or the length or width of leaves. Accessions IT57426, IT157434, IT267710, and IT267712 which contained relatively high contents of TPC and major phenolic compounds (RA and SG) could be used for further research in breeding and bioassay test. Our study result showed the contents of total phenolics and individual phenolic compounds along with the morphological characters could be useful distinguishing factors for perilla genetic resources.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.361-374
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• 2011

The cereal grain crops have strong flexibility against adverse environment and they have various functional compounds. The objective of the present study was to screen phenolic compounds in sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench], foxtail millet (Setaria italica), common millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with photodiode array (PDA) detector. Sorghum contained the highest amount of phenolic compounds among three different crops (sorghum, foxtail millet, common millet). Especially Moktaksusu showed the highest amount of phenolic compounds concentrations and biggest regional differences. The comparison of average phenolic compounds in sorghums by regions showed order to Milyang ($963.3\;{\mu}g{\cdot}g^{-1}$), Yeongyang ($923.1\;{\mu}g{\cdot}g^{-1}$), Gijang ($831.3\;{\mu}g{\cdot}g^{-1}$) and Bonghwa ($735.6\;{\mu}g{\cdot}g^{-1}$). Among the sorghum cultivars, Moktaksusu ($1407.9\;{\mu}g{\cdot}g^{-1}$) had the highest concentration of phenolic compounds. The average phenolic compounds of foxtail millets showed similar amount among Milyang ($319.0\;{\mu}g{\cdot}g^{-1}$), Gijang ($288.1\;{\mu}g{\cdot}g^{-1}$) and Bonghwa ($281.9\;{\mu}g{\cdot}g^{-1}$) areas. The phenolic compounds of Yeongyang ($246.6\;{\mu}g{\cdot}g^{-1}$) slightly low and that showed similar concentrations among three different regions. The concentration of phenolic compounds in foxtail millets, Chungchajo ($335.6\;{\mu}g{\cdot}g^{-1}$) showed the highest concentrations. The average phenolic compounds of common millets showed the highest concentrations in Milyang ($305.5\;{\mu}g{\cdot}g^{-1}$), Bonghwa ($262.0\;{\mu}g{\cdot}g^{-1}$), Gijang ($195.1\;{\mu}g{\cdot}g^{-1}$), Yeongyang ($237.2\;{\mu}g{\cdot}g^{-1}$) in decreasing order. The concentration of phenolic compounds of common millets was the highest in the Norangchalgijang ($337.0\;{\mu}g{\cdot}g^{-1}$), Hwanggumgijang ($250.0\;{\mu}g{\cdot}g^{-1}$) was also relatively higher than others. The results of this study will provide basic information for breeding sorghums, foxtail millets and common millets with higher phenolic compound concentrations.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.119-129
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• 2012

Excavated textiles provide very important research data on the costume culture of the Joseon dynasty. In particular, dyed textiles are indispensable for textile conservation research and for restoration of remains as well as for general costume culture research. Unfortunately, a prolonged burial environment causes the colors to change and gradually fade after excavation. Therefore, it is very difficult to identify the original color. In this study, natural dyed samples of red, yellow, purple and blue were prepared and analyzed using HPLC-PDA. Dyes of colorants extracted from excavated textile remains were analyzed by HPLC. In addition, mordants were analyzed using (SEM-EDX) in order to estimate the original color. The 16~17th Century's three samples were analyzed, sample 1, and 2 from Eunjin Song's Song Mun-Chang excavated at the Songchon-dong in Daejeon, and sample 3 from Yeosan Song's Song, Hee-Jong excavated at the Mokdal-dong in Daejeon. From the HPLC results, alizarin, purpurin, and indigo were detected on sample 1, alizarin and purpurin on sample 2, ellagic acid and indigo on sample 3. Therefore they were dyed with madder and indigo (sample 1), madder (sample2), pomagranted and indigo (sample 3). Al mordant was identified on three samples.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.279-285
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• 2012

The Mume Fructus (MF) has been used for relieves cough, arrests arrest chronic diarrhea, treat fluid depletion, and treat ascariasis in Korea. In this study, a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was established for simultaneous determination of six main components of MF. Additionally, we were investigated the anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic effects of MF extract on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated RAW264.7 cells and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$/interferon (IFN)-${\gamma}$-treated HaCaT cells. The analytical column for separation was used a Gemini $C_{18}$ column maintained at $40^{\circ}C$. The mobile phase consisted of 1.0% (v/v) acetic acid in water (A) and 1.0% (v/v) acetic acid in acetonitrile (B). The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min and the detector was a photodiode array (PDA) set at 280 nm and 320 nm. We evaluated the inhibitory effect of MF extract on the production of inflammatory markers, nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$) in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells and thymus- and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC/CCL17) in TNF-${\alpha}$/IFN-${\gamma}$-treated HaCaT cells, respectively. We confirmed the genes expression related with TARC, macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC/CCL22) and regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES/CCL5) in HaCaT keratinocyte cells by MF extract. The contents of the five compounds in MF were 0.22-1.01 mg/g. Also, the MF extract show inhibition of about 78% and 75% on NO and $PGE_2$ production at the concentration 1000 mg/mL in RAW264.7 cells. MF extract suppressed the hTARC level and genes expression such as TARC, MDC, and RANTES on TNF-${\alpha}$/IFN-${\gamma}$-treated HaCaT cells.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.47-51
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• 2013

Objectives : The Illicii Veri Fructus was not only traditional medicine but also food in Asia. The aim of this study was selection of optimum solvent in the fruit of Illicii Veri Fructus because an appropriate solvent affect a medicinal effect. Methods : Illicii Veri Fructus was carried out ultrasonic-assisted extraction as various solvents. Two main compounds, p-anisaldehyde and anethole, were successfully analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array detector (HPLC-PDA) and carried out method validation according to ICH guideline. The optimum solvent selected by comparing with yields of two main ingredients. Results : The p-anisaldehyde and anethole were detected at approximately 8.0 min and 19.8 min, respectively. It was all below 5.0% that RSD of retention time and peak area for two main peaks. Calibration curves of two compounds were good linearity as $R^2$ >0.9999. All of the precisions and accuracy were good intra-day and inter-day as below 5.0% RSD. Limited of detection (LOD) of p-anisaldehyde and anethole were analyzed as $0.134{\mu}g/mL$ and $4.286{\mu}g$, respectively. Limited of quantification (LOQ) of two compounds were $0.407{\mu}g$ and $12.989{\mu}g$, respectively. As a result of this study, p-anisladehyde was detected as 0.209 ~ 0.467%, however anethole was not detected in the distilled water. Conclusions : Anethole was main component as 5.329 ~ 6.815% except for water extraction. Methanol extraction among various solvents was detected the highest contents of p-anisaldehyde and anethole as 0.467(${\pm}0.008$)% and 6.815(${\pm}0.220$)%, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.33-39
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• 2001

To develop a method for separation process using Sep-pak $C_18$, simultaneous and systematic analysis of 8 permitted and 11 non-permitted synthetic food colors in Korea, optimization of analysis conditions for reverse phase ion-pair high performance liquid chromatography was carried out. For the best result of Sep-pak $C_18$ separation the pH of color standard mixture solution was $5{\sim}6$ and 0.1% HCl-methanol solution were set as eluent. The colors eluated from Sep-pak $C_18$ cartridge were determined and confirmed by high performance liquid chromatography with a photodiode array detector at 420 nm for yellow colors type, at 520 nm for red colors type, at 600 nm for blue and green colors type and at 254 nm for mixed colors. Conditions for HPLC analysis were as follows: column, Symmetry $C_18$ (5 m, 3.9 mm $i.d.{\times}150\;mm$); mobile phase, 0.025 M ammonium acetate (containing 0.01 M tetrabutylammonium bromide) : acetonitrile : methanol (65 : 25 : 10) and 0.025 M ammonium acetate(containing 0.01 M tetrabutylammonium bromide) : acetonitrile : methanol (40 : 50 : 10); flow rate, 1 mL/min. It takes 35 minutes for simultaneaus analysis and 18 minutes for systematic analysis. The detection limits range of each colors were $0.01{\sim}0.05\;{\mu}g/g$.