• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.226-231
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• 2017

Zingiberis Rhizoma (ZR, Zingiberaceae) is one of the foods for a long time and contains various biological activities including anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-platelet activities. The present study was to compare the amount of 6-gingerol in the 70% ethanol extracts of non-processed ZR and processed ZR by roasting using a high-performance liquid chromatography equipped with photodiode array detector. The 6-gingerol was separated on a Gemini $C_{18}$ analytical column ($5{\mu}m$, $4.6{\times}250mm$) using two mobile phase consisting of distilled water and acetonitrile. The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min and injection volume was $10{\mu}L$. In non-processed ZR sample, the amount of the 6-gingerol was 0.43% and the amount of the marker compound in processed ZR samples by roasting were 0.16-0.55%.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.342-351
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• 2015

In this study, we performed quantitative determination of the three marker compounds such as gallic acid, ellagic acid, and quercetin in the 70% ethanol extracts of non-processed Sanguisorbae Radix and processed Sanguisorbae Radix using a high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode array detector. The analytical column for separation of the three compounds was used a Gemini $C_{18}$ column ($5{\mu}m$, $4.6{\times}250mm$) by the gradient elution with distilled water and acetonitrile containing 1.0% (v/v) acetic acid as mobile phase. The flow rate and injection volume were $1.0{\mu}L/min$ and $10{\mu}L$. The concentrations of gallic acid, ellagic acid, and quercetin in non-processed Sanguisorbae Radix were 0.25, 0.26, and 0.007%, respectively, while the concentrations of gallic acid, ellagic acid, and quercetin in non-processed Sanguisorbae Radix 0.14-0.55, 0.27-2.03, and 0.001-0.007%, respectively. Among the three components, the amount of the ellagic acid was increased after processing in Sanguisorbae Radix.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.237-245
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• 2016

In present study, we conducted quantification analysis of phenolic compound (paeonol), monoterpene glycoside (paeoniflorin), and tannin ((+)-catechin in the 70% ethanol extracts of non-processed Moutan Radicis Cortex (MRC) and processed MRC by roasting using a high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode array detector. Three marker components were separated on Gemini $C_{18}$ analytical column and the column was maintained at $40^{\circ}C$ using two mobile phase system consisting of 1.0% (v/v) aqueous acetic acid and 1.0% (v/v) acetic acid in acetonitrile. The flow rate and injection volume were 1.0 mL/min and 10 mL. In non-processed MRC sample, the concentrations of three marker compounds, (+)-catechin, paeoniflorin, and paeonol were 0.20, 1.18, and 2.12%, respectively. On the other hand, the concentrations of the three compounds in processed MRC samples were 0.03-0.24, not detected-1.08, and 0.76-1.82%, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.157-162
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• 2003

This stud was attempted to detect six benzimidazoles[thiabendazole(TBZ), oxfendazole(OFZ), mebendazole(MBZ), flubendazole(FLBZ), albendazole(ABZ), and febendazole(FBZ)] in eggs using high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) with photodiode array detector(DAD) simultaneously. The eluates were determined by HPLC on a waters X-Terra$^{TM}\;C_{18}$ reverse-phase column($4.6{\times}250nm,\;5{\mu}m$) with DAD at 295nm. The mobile phase was 0.04M ammonium phosphate(pH 7.5)/ACN(62.28 v/v) run isocratically. The calibration curves were linear(r>0.999) for six benzimidazoles. Average recovery rate from eggs were 94.54% for TBZ, 97.71% for OFZ, 88.82% for MBZ, 93.71% for FLBZ, 78.61% for ABZ, and 75.09% for FBZ, respectively. The limits of detection and quantification were 2.27ppb, 3.88 for TBZ, 9.34ppb, 15.61ppb for OFZ, 28.53ppb, 45.15ppb for MBZ, 27.39ppb, 40.95ppb for FBZ, 8.61ppb, 13.95ppb for ABZ and 12.79ppb, 22.34ppb for FBZ, respectively.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.24 no.10
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• pp.1433-1436
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• 2003

A new method for the simultaneous determination of heavy metal ions in cigarette material by microwave digestion and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) has been developed. The cigarette material was digested by microwave digestion. Lead, cadmium, mercury, nickel and tin ions in the digested samples were pre-column derivatized with tetra-(2-chlorophenyl)-porphyrin ($T_2$-CPP) to form color chelates, which were then enriched by solid phase extraction with a $C_{18}$ cartridge. The chelates were separated on a Waters Xterra$^{TM}RP_{18}$ column by gradient elution with methanol (containing 0.05 mol/L pyrrolidine-aceticacid buffer salt, pH = 10.0) and acetone (containin0.05 mol/L pyrrolidine-acetic acid buffer salt, pH = 10.0)as mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.5mL/min and analyzed with a photodiode array detector from 350-600 nm. The detection limits of lead, cadmium, mercury, nickel and tin were 4,3,3,8 and 5 ng/L, respectively, in the original samples. This method was afforded good results.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.123-132
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• 2015

In this study, we carried out quantification analysis of the six marker components, geniposidic acid, chlorogenic acid, geniposide, pinoresinol diglucoside, liriodendrin, and genipin in the 70% ethanol extracts of non-processed Eucommiae Cortex and processed Eucommiae Cortex using a high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode array detector. The six components were separated on Gemini C₁₈ column (5 μm, 4.6×250 mm) by the gradient elution with 1.0% (v/v) acetic acid in water and 1.0% (v/v) acetic acid in acetonitrile as mobile phase. The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min and the injection volume was 10 mL. The amount of geniposidic acid, chlorogenic acid, geniposide, pinoresinol diglucoside, liriodendrin, and genipin in non-processed Eucommiae Cortex were 1.31, 0.31, 0.66, 0.46, 0.46, and 0.03%, respectively, while the amount of the six compounds in non-processed Eucommiae Cortex were 0.04-0.78, 0.01-0.14%, 0.05-0.63%, 0.01-0.37%, 0.15-0.42%, and not detected, respectively. After processing treatment, the contents of three iridoids, two lingnan, and one phenylpropanoid decreased in Eucommiae Cortex.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.66
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• pp.305-310
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• 2023

Bandiburichodang (BDC) is a new variety of Zea mays L. Total polyphenol content (TPC) assay and quantitative analysis of ferulic acid (FA) were performed to determine the steaming, roasting conditions of BDC kernels that lead to the highest content. TPC levels increased after roasting under all conditions. TPC levels in samples steamed at 115 ℃ for 25 min were 3.157 mg/g before roasted, and increased to 3.825 and 4.739 mg/g after roasting at 160 and 200 ℃, respectively. Whether BDC kernels were roasted was relevant with TPC content. BDC kernels were extracted to perform quantitative analysis of FA. Roasting temperature affected FA content: the higher the temperature, the lower the content. BDC kernels that were steamed at 115 ℃ for 25 min had 0.178 mg/g of FA content before roasting, and levels decreased to 0.132 and 0.115 mg/g after roasting. Under different roasting conditions, FA content decreased 15 to 50%. We hypothesize that this phenomenon is due to a breakdown of phenolic compounds or cell wall disruption.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.111-120
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• 2014

BACKGROUND: This study was conducted to investigate the levels of pesticide residues in fruits and to assess their risk to human health. METHODS AND RESULTS: Monitoring of 215 samples of fruits collected from local markets in incheon during 2013 was performed. 259 pesticides were analyzed by multi-residue method and Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and safe/Mass/Mass(QuEChERS/MS/MS) method using Gas Chromatography-Electron Capture Detector/Nitrogen Phosphorus Detector(GC-ECD/NPD), GC-MS, LC(Liquid Chromatography-Mass/Mass(LC-MS/MS) and High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Photodiode Array/Fluorescence Detector(HPLC-PDA/FLD). In 56.3% of the samples detected pesticide residues and were not found to exceed Maximum Residue Limits(MRL). The highest detected samples were found in citrus fruits(83.9%). Among the detected compounds, carbendazim(13.1%), imazalil (11.7%), thiabendazole(10.7%) and fludioxonil(9.8%) were frequently found in fruits. A risk assessment of pesticide residues in fruits was performed by calculating Estimated Daily Intake(EDI) and Acceptable Daily Intake(ADI). Also, we were evaluated removal efficiency of pesticide residues by washing and peeling. The removal efficiency of pesticide residues in citrus and tropical fruits by peeling processes were 91.6%. After the washing process, the removal rates were 43.1%(Cherry, Grape, Blueberry). CONCLUSION: The level of pesticide residues in fruits was within the MRL. The range of %ADI values was from 0.00011 to 0.98795%. The process of washing or peeling reduces the level of pesticide residues. The results of this research concluded that the detected pesticides are not harmful to human being.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.71-79
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• 2013

Objectives : Yijin-tang has been used in the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases such as irritable bowel syndrome, gastritis, and gastric ulcer. In this study, a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was established for simultaneous analysis of six compounds, liquiritin, glycyrrhizin, hesperidin, 6-gingerol, homogentisic acid, and 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde in Yijin-tang, a traditional Korean herbal medicinal preparation. Methods : A Gemini C18 column was used for the separation of six constituents at $40^{\circ}C$. The mobile phase using gradient elution consist of two solvent systems, 1.0% acetic acid in water (A) and 1.0% acetic acid in acetonitrile (B). The flow-rate was 1.0 mL/min and injection volume was $10{\mu}g$. The detector was a photodiode array (PDA) detector set at 254 nm and 280 nm. Results : The calibration curves of six compounds showed good linearity in various concentration ranges ($R^2{\geq}0.9997$). The limits of detection (LOD) and limits of quantification (LOQ) were 0.028-$0.192{\mu}g/mL$ and 0.093-$0.540{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. The RSD (%) of the intra and inter day validations were 0.03-0.84% and 0.05 -1.00%, respectively. Recovery was 96.14-01.90% and RSD (%) was less than 1.5%. Conclusions : The established simultaneous analysis methods will help management to improve the quality of Yijin-tang.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.475-482
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• 2008

Methanol extracts of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) pods were chromatographed, which yielded 3 phytochemicals 1-3 including 5,7-dihydroxychromone (1), eriodictyol (2), and 3',4',5,7-tetrahydroxyflavone (3). To confirm the presence of isolated phytochemicals, the pods extracts were performed by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with a photodiode array detector (HPLC-PDA) and a mass spectrometric detector (MSD) with electrospray ionization (ESI). Optimum extraction conditions for phytochemical contents using peanut germplasm were obtained by employing 90% MeOH for 12 hr at room temperature and phytochemicals 1-3 showed significant differences with concentrations of $407.56{\pm}23.35$, $52.92{\pm}5.11$, and $2,024.34{\pm}134.18\;{\mu}g/g$, respectively. Under this optimal conditions, the contents of phytochemicals 1-3 in peanut pods of 3 Korea cultivars including 'Jakwang', 'Daekwang', and 'Palkwang' exhibited phytochemical 3 was the highest range of $1,338.01-5,162.93\;{\mu}g/g$, followed by phytochemical 1 ($590.13-1,382.10\;{\mu}g/g$), and phytochemical 2 ($25.12-186.85\;{\mu}g/g$), respectively. Moreover, 'Jakwang' exhibited the highest contents of phytochemical (1: $1,362.10{\pm}52.49$, 2: $186.85{\pm}17.69$, and 3: $5,162.93{\pm}148.64\;{\mu}g/g$, respectively), whereas the lowest contents was found in the 'Daekwang' (1: $590.13{\pm}22.23$, 2: $25.12{\pm}2.45$, and 3: $1,338.01{\pm}62.17\;{\mu}g/g$, respectively). These results suggest that the methanol extracts of peanut pods may possess health related benefits to humans owing to various known biological activities of phytochemicals 1-3.