• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.582-587
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• 2012

Recently, the low-emissivity glass has been used to reduce the energy loss through building windows. However, it simply reduces the inflow of solar rays and has a relatively high heat transmission coefficient. To solve the problems, a high-efficiency vacuum glazing has been under development but it has not been actively used due to its high price and insufficient performance. In this paper, the effects of internal pressure, pillar (spacer) height, pillar diameter, pillar interval, emissivity etc. on the performance of vacuum glazing have been analyzed with three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics and structural analysis. As a result, the performance of vacuum glazing was predicted more accurately and major factors that determine the performance of vacuum glazing were optimized.

• 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.04a
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• pp.133-137
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• 2011

Low-e glazing is classified as soft low-e glazing and hard low-e glazing. Hard low-e glazing can be temperable and its handling is comfortable because its coating film is a oxide film generated at high temperatures. But there is a fatal weakness that its insulation performance and shielding performance are lower compared to soft low-e glazing by low electrical conductivity of coating film. Soft low-e glazing is excellent because its coating film consists of Ag that is excellent electrical conductivity and it has strength that can supply various product consumers want. But soft low-e glazing has weaknesses that temperable and handling are difficult because Ag is oxidized easily. Therefore this study analyzes thermal performance of glazing by changing filling gas according to applying low-e glazing through simulation to judge performance before making sample. After this process, a comparative experimental study was done through TVS by making temperable low-e glazing.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.31-36
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• 2003

Recently, buildings with transparent glazing on exterior walls have increased. The transparent glazing on exterior walls gives an impression of opening through introducing external environment's elements to inside of the building, and has various merits and so on, but has defects in controling indoor environments. Especially, the excess of solar radiation in summer increases cooling load causing discomforts to occupants providing radiant environment with high temperature. Cooling load mainly depends on electricity comparing to heating load and intents to centralize specific time. So it is necessary to work out a countermeasure. In this study, showed P building with transparent glazing on exterior walls as a case, investigated indoor thermal performance, numerical analysis of P building in summer through comparing dry-sauna which is represented as radiant environment with high temperature. In the results of this study, transparent glazing space has radiant environment with high temperature such as dry-sauna because of the excess of solar radiation. Accordingly countermeasures are considered in building planning. As concrete methods, there are adiabatic effects using double glazing, use of sunscreen, blind, ventilation facilitation using natural draft, decrease of surface temperature through evaporation cooling and cooling coils.

• 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.04a
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• pp.156-161
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• 2011

In case of newly constructed buildings, the construction type is almost Curtain-wall system or large window in building skin. However, these kind of buildings have problems with regulations on building energy efficiency. And national regulations on building energy efficiency limit only the V-factor of window(except infiltration), it is hard to predict energy consumption of Curtain-wall buildings which gain large solar energy in summer. In this study, the influence of LSG(Light to Solar Gain) on energy performance was theoretically analyzed with simulation. LSG is the value of VLT divide SHGC and represents the optical performance of the glass or glazing. The Window & Therm program developed in LBNL was used to analyze window systems and EnergyPlus was used to building energy. Cases of glazing are three types; single coated Low-e clear glazing, tripple coated Low-e clear glazing, tripple coated Low-e tinted glazing. The results of this study are follows; 1) The building energy consumption of Alt-l, 2, 3 were about 300, 253, $259kWh/m^2{\cdot}yr$ respectively. Therefore, improvement of LSG could save the energy up to 16%. 2) The saved energy could be converted 1 billion won as annual benefit of total energy costs 3) SHGC and LSG more influence on cooling energy than heating energy in office buildings.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.303-309
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• 2013

For air-tight modern buildings, secondary damage is likely to occur due to condensation in the relatively high heat-transmission windows since water vapor is not easy to discharge. Therefore, in this study, condensation performance of vacuum glazing was numerically analysed, compared with that of ordinary glass and confirmed experimentally by three sheets of vacuum glazing manufactured. The results show that the heat transmission coefficient of the vacuum glazing whose internal pressure is $10^{-3}$ torr was as low as about $5.7W/m^2{\cdot}K$. Thus, the condensation performance as well as the adiabatic performance was greatly improved compared to that of the ordinary glass.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.121-128
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• 2016

Purpose: The vacuum glazing should constantly retain the gap in vacuum state to maintain high thermal performance. To do so, pillars are used to prevent the glazing from clinging to each other by the atmospheric pressure and therefore surface of the vacuum glazing is consistently affected by residual stress. The vacuum glazing could be applied to curtain wall systems at spandrel area to fulfill a rigorous domestic standard on U-value of the external wall. However, this can lead to high glazing temperature increase by heat concentration at a back panel and finally thermal stress breakage. This study experimentally determined weakness of the vacuum glazing systems on the thermal stress breakage and investigated effect of the residual stress. Method: The experiment first built two scale-down mock-up facilities that replicate the spandrel area in curtain wall, and then installed single low-e glass and vacuum glazing respectively. The two mock-up facilities were exposed to outside to induce the thermal stress breakage. Result: The experiment showed that the temperature occurred the thermal stress breakage was $114.4^{\circ}C$ for the single low-e glass and $118.9^{\circ}C$ for the vacuum glazing respectively. The result also showed the vacuum glazing reached the critical point earlier than the single low-e glass, which means that the vacuum glazing has high potential to occur the thermal shock breakage. In addition, the small temperature difference between two glazing indicates that the residual stress scarcely affects breakage of the vacuum glazing.

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 2006.06a
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• pp.1069-1074
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• 2006

Heat loss by window in building occupies about 1/4 of energy amount used building. Therefore, high thermal insulation of windows system can speak as very important part in save energy of building. in this research, After select most suitable frame design and Glazing system for high thermal insulation of windows, execute simulation of mixing frame and Glazing System. Also, manufacture windows with the result and execute verification experiment, with verified simulation, this research evaluated thermal insulation performance of window by Glazing System's change.

• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.177-185
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• 2017

This research suggests the most effective way for improving energy efficiency in tall buildings is a "fabric-first" approach. This involves optimizing the performance of the building form and envelope as a first priority, with additional technologies a secondary consideration. The paper explores a specific fabric-first energy standard known as "Passivhaus". Buildings that meet this standard typically use 75% less heating and cooling. The results show tall buildings have an intrinsic advantage in achieving Passivhaus performance, as compared to low-rise buildings, due to their compact form, minimizing heat loss. This means high-rises can meet Passivhaus energy standards with double-glazing and moderate levels of insulation, as compared to other typologies where triple-glazing and super-insulation are commonplace. However, the author also suggests that designers need to develop strategies to minimize overheating in Passivhaus high-rises, and reduce the quantity of glazing typical in high-rise residential buildings, to improve their energy efficiency.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.20 no.12
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• pp.1229-1235
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• 2010

Anti-terrorism design for public buildings as well as military facilities is important to minimize the mass casualties from terrorist attacks. Also, well designed glazing and window systems can reduce the potential injury of human caused by scattering fragment of a glazing. In this paper, blast resistant design for glazing and window systems is investigated based on the U.S. Standard. The design procedures include minimum requirements for the design, standard practice for design evaluation of the glazing and standard test method for evaluation of the performance.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.26 no.10
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• pp.481-485
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• 2014

Low solar gain glazing should be applied on windows in order to reduce the solar radiation load. In a country where a cooling and a heating load coexist throughout the year, such as in Korea, a high solar gain glazing is need to reduce the heating load, but a low solar gain glazing should be applied to reduce the cooling load. Recently, dynamic windows have been developed for which the solar shading performance switches according to the amount of solar radiation flowing into the indoor space through the glazing, and these have been used in building to solve such problems. The purpose of this research is to analyze the energy performance of the electrochromic glazing for dynamic windows that has been extensively commercialized for office buildings in Incheon and Ulsan through an energy simulation implemented in the eQUEST program.