• 제목/요약/키워드: High-grade

검색결과 4,597건 처리시간 0.028초

시판 덖음녹차의 품질에 따른 이화학적 특성 (Chemical Properties on the Quality of Marketed Roasting Green teas)

  • 신미경;장미경;서은숙
    • 한국식품조리과학회지
    • /
    • 제11권4호
    • /
    • pp.356-361
    • /
    • 1995
  • 시판되고 있는 녹차를 가격과 적채시기에 따라 상품, 중품 및 하품으로 구분하여 수분, 회분, 총 질소, 탄닌, 카페인, 색도 및 엽록소의 함량을 분석하고 관능평가를 실시하여 품질에 따른 상관관계를 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 수분의 함량은 2.17-3.67%, 회분은 4.50-5.17%, 총 질소는 4.38-4.68%로 품질에 따른 차이가 없었다. 2. 탄닌은 상품이 11.09%,중품이 14.22%, 하품이 14.44%로서 상품이 중품과 하품보다 유의적으로 낮았다. 3. 질소와 탄닌의 조성비율(N/T)은 상품이 39.5%, 중품이 32.6%, 하품이 32.70%으로 상품일수록 유의적으로 높게 나타났다. 4. 카페인은 상품이 평균 1.78%, 중품이 1.32%, 하품이 0.92%로 적채시기가 늦어질수록 유의적으로 감소하였다. 5. 엽록소 a와 b의 량은 상품이 중품과 하품보다 유의적으로 높게 나타나 총엽록소 함량은 상품이 297.37 mg%, 중품이 182.89 mg%, 하품이 204.79 mg%으로 상품이 가장 높았다. 6. 색도에서 Yellow치는 상품과 중품이 하품보다 유의적으로 높았으나, red와 blue치에서는 품질간의 차이가 없었다. 7. 관능 평가는 상품이 중품과 하품보다 외판, 맛이 좋았으며 향기와 색깔은 상품과 중품이 비슷하게 나타나 전체적인 관능평가도는 상품, 중품, 하품순으로 유의적으로 높게 나타났다. 8. 가격과 적채시기에 따른 품질은 카페인, 외관, 맛과는 양의 상관관계(P < 0.01)를, tannin과는 음의 상관관계(P < 0.05)를 보였다. 또한 질소와 탄닌의 조성비율(N/T)은 탄닌과는 높은 음의 상관관계(P < 0.01)를 나타내었으나 카페인과는 양의 상관관계(P < 0.05)를 나타내었다. 이상에서 적채시기가 빠른 상품일수록 질소와 탄닌의 조성비율(N/T)이 높고, 카페인 및 총 엽록소의 함량이 높았으며, 관능평가에서도 좋게 나타났다.연화도는 증가하였으나, 기호도의 경우는 알갱이 15%,분말 10%를 장조림에 첨가하였을 때 가장 높은 것으로 나타났다.반후의 색차도 PT20이 가장 낮았다.ference. The pH and titratible acidity of the two juices with different ratios were in the range of 4.92~4.98 and 36.g∼37.4 ml, respectively.2K 이었으며, 다층 YbB $a_2$C $u_3$A $g_{x}$(x=5, 16 and 53)의 $T_{on}$ 은 88~90K이었다._{on}$ 은 88~90K이었다.er-designity. These trends identify the overall prevailing conditions of Korean landscape architectural design over the past thirty years.ang(목마장 horse ranches) and Neungyuk(능역 royal tombs) . Activities prohibited for conservation purposes included cutting timbers, burning, building houses or tombs, dumping wastes, farming and breaking up fresh land, grazing, hunting and trespassing. Positive actions for conservation were rituals to Heaven ennoblement of natural elements such as mountians or rivers, planting trees, Boto (보토 supplementing soil on low ridges) , Josan (조산 mounding)

  • PDF

한국산 김의 조리방법에 따른 Carotene 함량변화와 관한 연구 (A Study on Changes in the Carotene Content of Korean Laver according to different Cooking method)

  • 장기숙
    • 대한가정학회지
    • /
    • 제17권3호
    • /
    • pp.53-59
    • /
    • 1979
  • Vitamin contents of three grades of Korean laver high, medium and low were measured. They were cooked by different methods to examine changes in their vitamin content. Results of this experiment are as follows ; 1. Vitamin contained in loogr of laver amount to 13,200 I.U, for high grade, 16,100 for mediium grade, and 16,400 for low grade . The low -grade laver, which is interwoven with green laver, showed the highest vitamin content. 2. When laver was broiled sheet by sheet, its vitamin loss rate was 11% for high grade, 19% for medium grade, and 20% for low grade. Thus , the one with a higher vitamin content showed a higher vitamin loss rate. When two sheets of laver, which were put upon each other, were broiled, their vitamin loss rates were 2.3% for high grade, 1.73 % for medium grade, and 2.64% for low grade. Thus broiling laver at the unitof two to three sheets together is a way of decreasing the vitamin loss rate. 3. When laver was broiled with salt applied on its surface , its vitamin loss rate was 8.3% for high grade, 13% for medium grade, and 10.9% for low grade. When laver was broied at the unit of two sheets together after salt and sesame oil were added, its vitamin loss rate was 2.2% for high grade, 5.2% for medium grade, and 8.2% for low grade . The one with a higher vitamin content showed a higher vitamin loss rate. 4. When laver was mixed seasoned soysauce, its vitamin loss rate increased in process of time. In 48 hours after laver was mixed with seasoned soysauce , its vitamin loss rate read 24.2%, 27.1% and 35% respectively, for the three grades of laver. Thus the laver mixed with seasoned soysauce has to be used right after so cooked so as to obtained the highest possible vitamin content.

  • PDF

Management of High-grade Blunt Renal Trauma

  • Lee, Min A;Jang, Myung Jin;Lee, Gil Jae
    • Journal of Trauma and Injury
    • /
    • 제30권4호
    • /
    • pp.192-196
    • /
    • 2017
  • Purpose: Blunt injury accounts for 80-95% of renal injury trauma in the United States. The majority of blunt renal injuries are low grade and 80-85% of these injuries can be managed conservatively. However, there is a debate on the management of patients with high-grade renal injury. We reviewed our experience of renal trauma at our trauma center to assess management strategy for high-grade blunt renal injury. Methods: We reviewed blunt renal injury cases admitted at a single trauma center between August 2007 and December 2015. Computed tomography (CT) scan was used to diagnose renal injuries and high-grade (according to the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma [AAST] organ injury scale III-V) renal injury patients were included in the analysis. Results: During the eight-year study period, there were 62 AAST grade III-V patients. 5 cases underwent nephrectomy and 57 underwent non-operative management (NOM). There was no difference in outcome between the operative group and the NOM group. In the NOM group, 24 cases underwent angioembolization with a 91% success rate. The Incidence of urological complications correlated with increasing grade. Conclusions: Conservative management of high-grade blunt renal injury was considered preferable to operative management, with an increased renal salvage rate. However, high-grade injuries have higher complication rates, and therefore, close observation is recommended after conservative management.

Accuracy of Visual Inspection with Acetic acid in Detecting High-Grade Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia in Pre- and Post-Menopausal Thai Women with Minor Cervical Cytological Abnormalities

  • Poomtavorn, Yenrudee;Suwannarurk, Komsun
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
    • /
    • 제16권6호
    • /
    • pp.2327-2331
    • /
    • 2015
  • Purpose: To determine the accuracy of visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) in detecting high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) in pre- and post-menopausal women with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US) and low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) Papanicolaou (Pap) smears. Materials and Methods: Two hundred women (150 pre-menopausal and 50 post-menopausal) with ASC-US and LSIL cytology who attended the colposcopy clinic, Thammasat University Hospital, between March 2013 and August 2014 were included. All women underwent VIA testing and colposcopy by gynecologic oncologists. Diagnostic values of VIA testing including sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) for detecting high-grade CIN were determined using the histopathology obtained from colposcopic-directed biopsy as a gold standard. Results: VIA testing was positive in 54/150 (36%) pre-menopausal women and 5/50 (10%) post-menopausal women. Out of 54 pre-menopausal women with positive VIA testing, 15 (27.8%) had high-grade CIN and 39 (72.2%) had either CIN 1 or insignificant pathology. Ten (10.4%), 43 (44.8%) and 43 (44.8%) out of the remaining 96 pre-menopausal women with negative VIA testing had high-grade CIN, CIN 1 and insignificant pathology, respectively. Out of 5 post-menopausal women with positive VIA testing, there were 4 (80%) women with high-grade CIN, and 1 (20%) women with insignificant pathology. Out of 45 VIA-negative post-menopausal women, 42 (93.3%) women had CIN 1 and insignificant pathology, and 3 (6.7%) had high-grade CIN. Sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of the VIA testing were 59.4%, 76.2%, 32.2% and 90.8%, respectively (60%, 68.8%, 27.8% and 89.6% in pre-menopausal women and 57.1%, 97.7%, 80% and 93.3% in post-menopausal women). Conclusions: VIA testing may be used as a screening tool for detecting high-grade CIN in women with minor cervical cytological abnormalities in a low-resource setting in order to lower the rate of colposcopy referral.

경도의 방광요관역류가 있는 소아에서 99mTc-dimercaptosuccinic acid 신 스캔의 필요성 (Necessity of 99mTc-dimercaptosuccinic acid scan in infants with low grade vesicoureteral feflux)

  • 고지연;구자욱
    • Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
    • /
    • 제49권6호
    • /
    • pp.648-652
    • /
    • 2006
  • 목 적 : DMSA 신 스캔은 신장에 대한 높은 방사능의 위험성과 낮은 grade의 역류시 불필요한 것으로 인식되어 최근 연구들에서는 낮은 방광요관역류가 있을 시에는 조기검사에 포함시키지 않는 것으로 보고되고 있다. 그러나 실제 임상에서는 낮은 grade의 역류 환아에서도 신피질결손이 보이는 경우가 있어 DMSA 신 스캔의 조기검사로서의 필요성에 대해 재조명하여 보고자 하였다. 방 법 : 1995년부터 2004년까지 상계백병원 소아과에서 요로 감염으로 진단된 환아들 중 신장초음파, DMSA 신 스캔, 배뇨성 방광 요도 조영술을 모두 시행한 189명의 환아를 대상으로 하였다. 검사들은 요로감염으로 진단된 지 적어도 1개월 이내에 시행하였다. 방광요관역류의 정도는 grade I-II는 경도(low grade), grade III은 중등도(moderate grade), grade IV-V는 중증(high grade)으로 각각 분류하였다. 결 과 : DMSA 신 스캔상 신피질결손은 총 189명 중 67명, 378 신단위 중 82 신단위에서 보였다. 신피질결손의 빈도는 역류가 없을 때 28%, 경도일 때 38%, 중등도일 때 53%, 중증일때 100%로 역류가 심할수록 신피질결손의 빈도도 높아지는 것으로 나타났다(P<0.01). 중등도일 때의 신피질결손의 빈도는 경도일 때의 신피질결손의 빈도와 의미있는 차이는 없었다(P>0.05). 결 론 : 본 연구에서는 역류가 없을 때와 경도의 역류일 때의 신피질결손의 빈도가 28%, 38%로 많은 비율을 차지하고 있고, 중등도일 때의 신피질결손의 빈도는 경도일 때와 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 따라서 DMSA 신 스캔은 높은 방사선 조사율에도 불구하고 역류가 없거나 낮은 요로감염 환아에서도 조기검사로 시행해야 한다.

초.중.고등학교 가족생활 교육내용의 위계에 관한 연구 (The sequence of the Curriculum and Contents of Textbooks of Family Life Field of Home Economics Subject in Prmary, Middle and High School.)

  • 김경선;이남기
    • 한국가정과교육학회지
    • /
    • 제2권1호
    • /
    • pp.15-28
    • /
    • 1990
  • The Sequence of the Curriculum and the Contents of Textbooks on Family Life Field of Home Economics Subject in Primary, Middle and High School. The purpose of this study is to investigate the sequence of curriculum and the contents of textbooks in primary, middle and high school. The problems of this study are as follows. 1. Are the educational contents of Family Life field in primary, middle an high school specified in the contents of textbooks\ulcorner 2. What are the sequence of curriculum and the Contents of textbooks on Family Life Field of Home Economics subject in primary, middle and high school\ulcorner The study results given by the research on the educational contents of Family Life field and the sequence of the contents of textbooks of Home Economics subject in primary, middle and high school can be summarized as follows. 1. Are the educational contents on Family Life field in the primary, middle and high school specified in the contents of the textbooks\ulcorner The results are as follows 1〉Considering the sequence of educational contents on Family Life field in primary school, we can find out that the subject aims have relevance to those of the forth and fifth grade in primary school, and those of the forth grade in primary school are specified in the contents of curriculum of the forth grade and the contents of curriculum of the forth grade are specified in the textbooks for the forth grade in primary school. The subject aims of the fifth grade are specified in the contents of curriculum of the fifth grade and the contents of curriculum of the fifth grade are specified in the textbooks for the fifth grade. 2〉Considering the sequence of educational contents on Family Life field in middle school, we can find out that the subject aims have relevance to those of the first and second grade in middle school, and those of the first grade in middle school are specified in the contents of curriculum of the first grade and the contents of curriculum of the first grade are specified in the textbooks for the first grade in middle school. The subject aims of the second grade are specified in the contents of curriculum of the second grade and the contents of curriculum of the second grade are specified in the textbooks for the second grade.

  • PDF

공업고 전기과 '전력설비' 과목에서 LT협동학습이 학업성취도에 미치는 효과 (Effects of LT Cooperative Learning on Academic Achievement of 'Electrical Facility' Subject in Industrial High School)

  • 김진수;신충교
    • 전기학회논문지P
    • /
    • 제53권3호
    • /
    • pp.152-157
    • /
    • 2004
  • The purpose of the study was to identify the effects of LT cooperative learning and traditional competitive learning on academic achievement by the level of learning ability in industrial high school students. The results of the study were as follows; the score of posttest of the experimental low grade group was significantly higher than that of control low grade group (p<.05), and the score of posttest was significantly higher than that of pretest in the experimental low and middle grade group (p<.05). Based on these results, it was concluded that LT cooperative learning had positive effect on the enhancement of industrial high school student's academic achievement than the traditional lecture learning. Its effect on high grade students was negative, but its effect was significantly positive on both middle grade and low grade level students.

Diagnostic Value of Endocervical Curettage for Detecting Dysplastic Lesions in Women with Atypical Squamous Cells of Undetermined Significance (ASC-US) and Low Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion (LSIL) Papanicolaou Smears

  • Poomtavorn, Yenrudee;Suwannarurk, Komsun;Thaweekul, Yuthadej;Maireang, Karicha
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
    • /
    • 제15권8호
    • /
    • pp.3461-3464
    • /
    • 2014
  • Background: To determine the frequency of dysplastic lesions in the endocervical curettage (ECC) specimens of women with ASC-US and LSIL Pap and to evaluate the possible factors associated with high grade dysplasia in those ECC specimens. Materials and Methods: Two hundred and sixty patients with ASC-US and LSIL cytologic smears who underwent an ECC at the time of colposcopic examination during January 2010 and December 2012 were reviewed. Demographic and clinicopathologic data were collected. Multivariate analysis using binary logistic regression was used to identify factors that might be associated with high grade endocervical dysplasia. Results: The frequency of endocervical dysplasia was 7.7% (20 out of 260 patients). Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 1 and CIN 2-3 lesions in the endocervical canal were observed in 12 and 8 patients, respectively. No microinvasive or invasive cervical cancers were identified. There was no difference in the frequency of high grade endocervical dysplasia between the patients with satisfactory and unsatisfactory colposcopic examinations (1.4% vs 5.1%, respectively, p=0.087). A multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated a significant association between high grade CIN on ectocervical biopsy as well as LSIL cytologic smears and high grade dysplasia in endocervical canal (OR=0.046, 95%CI=0.007-0.288; p=0.001 and OR=0.154, 95%CI=0.025-0.942; p=0.043, respectively). Conclusions: The frequency of high grade endocervical dysplasia in women with ASC-US and LSIL cytologic smears was low. Therefore, routine performance of ECC in those women is debatable. High grade ectocervical dysplasia and LSIL cytologic smears may be used as predictors for high grade dysplasia in endocervical canal and ECC in these patients is reasonable.

Relationship between Smoking Initiation and School Characteristics According to Grade Level among High School Students in Korea

  • Woo, WonKyu;Kim, Dongsik;Cho, Youngtae
    • 보건교육건강증진학회지
    • /
    • 제29권5호
    • /
    • pp.115-123
    • /
    • 2012
  • Objectives: Students' life changes substantially as grade increases. It implies that risk factors that trigger students' smoking may not be consistent across grades. Most previous studies on student smoking have considered grade simply a control variable. This study examines which and to what extent risk factors are differently associated with smoking initiation according to grade level among high school students in Korea. Methods: Data from the Korean Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (KYRBWS) conducted by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (KCDC) in 2007 and 2008 were analyzed in this study. Results: Among boys, school location, school type and pocket money etc. significantly influence smoking initiation in the first grade than in any other grades, but the strength of the association decreased as grade increases except academic performance. Among girls, most independent variables were associated with smoking initiation in the second grade except school location, pocket money per week and academic performance. Conclusions: Our results suggested that the variables related smoking initiation in Korean high school students were notably different by grade and gender. These findings can serve as the basis of policy recommendations with regard to school efforts to prevent student smoking.

Treatment of acute high-grade acromioclavicular joint dislocation

  • Jeong, Jeung Yeol;Chun, Yong-Min
    • Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
    • /
    • 제23권3호
    • /
    • pp.159-165
    • /
    • 2020
  • Acromioclavicular (AC) joint dislocations account for about 9% of shoulder injuries. Among them, acute high-grade injury following high-energy trauma accounts for a large proportion of patients requiring surgical treatment. However, there is no gold standard procedure for operative treatment of acute high-grade AC joint injury, and several different procedures have been used for this purpose in clinical practice. This review article summarizes the most recent and relevant surgical options for acute high-grade AC joint dislocation patients and the outcomes of each treatment type.