• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권10호
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• pp.1450-1455
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• 2017

Objective: The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effect of dietary ${\beta}-mannanase$ on productive performance, egg quality, and utilization of dietary energy and nutrients in aged laying hens raised under hot climatic conditions. Methods: A total of 320 84-wk-old Hy-line Brown aged laying hens were allotted to one of four treatments with eight replicates in a completely randomized design. Two dietary treatments with high energy (HE; 2,800 kcal/kg nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy [$AME_n$]) and low energy (LE; 2,700 kcal/kg $AME_n$) were formulated. Two additional diets were prepared by adding 0.04% (MN4) or 0.08% ${\beta}-mannanase$ (MN8) to LE treatment diets. The feeding trial was conducted for 28 d, covering a period from July to August in South Korea. The average daily room temperature and relative humidity were $29.2^{\circ}C$ and 83%, respectively. Results: Productive performance, egg quality, and cloacal temperature were not influenced by dietary treatments. The measured $AME_n$ values for MN8 diets were similar to those for HE diets, which were greater (p<0.05) than those for LE and MN4 diets. However, the $AME_n$ values for MN8 diets did not differ from those for LE and MN4 diets. Conclusion: The addition of ${\beta}-mannanase$ to low energy diets increases energy values for diets fed to aged laying hens. However, this increase has little positive impacts on performance and egg quality. These results indicate that dietary ${\beta}-mannanase$ does not mitigate the heat stress of aged laying hens raised under hot climatic conditions.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.55-61
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• 2014

Forty-eight Pelibuey${\times}$Katahdin male intact lambs ($23.87{\pm}2.84$ kg) were used in an 84-d feeding trial, with six pens per treatment in a $2{\times}2$ factorial design arrangement. The aim of the study was to evaluate the interaction of two dietary energy levels (3.05 and 2.83 Mcal/kg ME) and two dietary protein levels (17.5% and 14.5%) on growth performance, dietary energetics and carcass traits. The dietary treatments used were: i) High protein-high energy (HP-HE); ii) High protein-low energy (HP-LE); iii) Low protein-high energy (LP-HE), and iv) Low protein-low energy (LP-LE). With a high-energy level, dry matter intake (DMI) values were 6.1% lower in the low-protein diets, while with low-energy, the DMI values did not differ between the dietary protein levels. Energy levels did not influence the final weight and average daily gain (ADG), but resulted in lower DMI values and higher gain efficiencies. No effects of protein level were detected on growth performance. The observed dietary net energy (NE) ratio and observed DMI were closer than expected in all treatments and were not affected by the different treatments. There was an interaction (p<0.03) between energy and protein level for kidney-pelvic and heart fat (KPH), KPH was higher in lambs fed high energy and high protein diet but not in high energy and low protein diet. The KPH was increased (20.2%, p = 0.01) in high-energy diets, while fat thickness was increased (21.7%, p = 0.02) in high-protein diets. Therefore, it is concluded that dietary energy levels play a more important role in feed efficiency than protein levels in finishing lambs with a high-energy diet (>2.80 Mcal/kg ME). Providing a level of protein above 14.5% does not improves growth-performance, dietary energetics or carcass dressing percentage.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.317-322
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• 1998

orchardgrass에 두과목초인 alfalfa와 탄닌을 함유한 birdsfoot trefoil을 혼합하여 급여하였을 때 산양에 의한 섭취량, 소화율과 질소 및 에너지 이용성에 미치는 영향을 비교 검토하고자 재래산양을 공시하여 orchardgrass(OG) 100% 급여구(OG), OG 60%+alfalfa(AA) 40% 급여구(OG+AA) 및 OG 60%+birdsfoot trefoil(BT) 40% 급여구(OG+BT) 등의 3처리를 두어 시험한 결과는 다음과 같다. CP 함량은 OG 급여구에 비하여 OG+AA 급여구나 OG+BT를 급여한 구에서 높았다(P<0.05). 그러나 NDF 함량은 OG 급여구에서 높았고(P<0.05), lignin 함량은 BT 급여구에서 높았으나(P<0.05), ADF 함량은 처리간에 차이가 없었다. 건물섭취량과 건물 및 세포 내용물 소화융은 OG 급여구에 비하여 OG+AA 급여구에서 높은 경향을 보였으나(P<0.05), NDF 및 ADF 소화율은 처리간에 차이가 없었다. 가소화질소의 축적율은 OG+AA 급여구에서 가장 높았으며(P<0.05), 대사질소 축적율 및 생물가는 OG+BT 급여구에서 가장 높았으나(P<0.05), OG+AA와 OG+BT 급여구간에 유의적 차이는 없었다. 가소화 및 대사에너지의 이용율은 처리간에 차이가 없었다. 이상의 결과로 보아 OG급여구에 비하여 두과목초(AA, BT)를 급여함으로서 질소 및 에너지의 이용성이 개선되었으며, 두과 목초간에는 OG+AA 급여구에 비하여 OG+BT 급여구에서 유의적인 차이는 없었지만 질소 이용성이 다소 개선되는 결과를 얻었다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제62권3호
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• pp.334-347
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• 2020

The adequate intake of energy and lysine for primiparous sows are necessary for maternal growth of sows and growth of their progeny. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary energy and lysine levels on primiparous sows and their progeny. A total of 48 gilts (Yorkshire × Landrace), with an initial body weight (BW) of 168.1 ± 9.71 kg and at day 35 of gestation, were allotted to eight treatment groups with a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement. The first factor was metabolizable energy levels in diet (3,265 or 3,365 kcal of ME/kg), and the second factor was lysine levels in diet (gestation 0.55%, 0.65%, 0.75%, 0.85%, lactation 0.70%, 0.85%, 1.00%, 1.15%). The BW gain (p = 0.07) and backfat thickness (p = 0.09) in the gestation period showed a tendency to be increased in sows fed the high-energy diets. In the lactation period, sows fed the high-energy diets tended to be greater BW (p = 0.09) and less BW loss (p = 0.05) than those of sows fed the low-energy diets. Sows fed high-energy diets had a tendency of greater piglet weight at day 21 of lactation and greater piglet weight gain (p = 0.08 and p = 0.08, respectively). Although the blood urea nitrogen (BUN) was increased linearly as dietary lysine level increased at day 110 of gestation (Linear, p = 0.03), the BUN was decreased linearly as dietary lysine level increase at day 21 of lactation (Linear, p < 0.01). In the composition of colostrum, sows fed high-energy diets had greater casein, protein, total solid, solid not fat, and free fatty acid concentrations than those of sows fed low-energy diets (p < 0.05). Supplementation of total lysine 0.75% for gestation and 1.00% for lactation with 3,365 kcal of ME/kg energy level could be applied to the primiparous sows' diet to improve performance of sows and growth of their progeny.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.531-540
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• 2012

Pigs from four sire lines were allocated to a series of low energy (LE, 3.15 to 3.21 Mcal ME/kg) corn-soybean meal-based diets with 16% wheat midds or high energy diets (HE, 3.41 to 3.45 Mcal ME/kg) with 4.5 to 4.95% choice white grease. All diets contained 6% DDGS. The HE and LE diets of each of the four phases were formulated to have equal lysine:Mcal ME ratios. Barrows (N = 2,178) and gilts (N = 2,274) were fed either high energy (HE) or low energy (LE) diets from 27 kg BW to target BWs of 118, 127, 131.5 and 140.6 kg. Carcass primal and subprimal cut weights were collected. The cut weights and carcass measurements were fitted to allometric functions (Y = A $CW^B$) of carcass weight. The significance of diet, sex or sire line with A and B was evaluated by linearizing the equations by log to log transformation. The effect of diet on A and B did not interact with sex or sire line. Thus, the final model was cut weight = (1+$b_D$(Diet)) A($CW^B$) where Diet = -0.5 for the LE and 0.5 for HE diets and A and B are sire line-sex specific parameters. Diet had no affect on loin, Boston butt, picnic, baby back rib, or sparerib weights (p>0.10, $b_D$ = -0.003, -0.0029, 0.0002, 0.0047, -0.0025, respectively). Diet affected ham weight (bD = -0.0046, p = 0.01), belly weight (bD = 0.0188, p = 0.001) three-muscle ham weight ($b_D$ = -0.014, p = 0.001), boneless loin weight (bD = -0.010, p = 0.001), tenderloin weight ($b_D$ = -0.023, p = 0.001), sirloin weight ($b_D$ = -0.009, p = 0.034), and fat-free lean mass ($b_D$ = -0.0145, p = 0.001). Overall, feeding the LE diets had little impact on primal cut weight except to decrease belly weight. Feeding LE diets increased the weight of lean trimmed cuts by 1 to 2 percent at the same carcass weight.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제24권10호
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• pp.1447-1455
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• 2011

Sixty four, 30-week-old, Lohmann Brown-Lite laying hens were randomly allocated to one of four treatments with eight replicates per treatment and two hens per replicate for a 10 week study. The control diet was a high energy (11.81 MJ/kg) diet and the moderate energy (11.39 MJ/kg) diets were formulated dropping the level of animal fat. The three moderate energy diets were fed either unsupplemented (0.0%) or supplemented with 0.05 or 0.10% glycine. There were no significant differences (p>0.05) in hen-day egg production, egg weight, feed intake or feed conversion between birds fed the unsupplemented moderate energy and high energy diets. Significant differences were detected concerning egg components and quality measurements as assessed by albumen percentage (p = 0.02), yolk weight (p = 0.02), yolk percentage (p<0.01), yolk to albumen ratio (p<0.01) and yolk color (p = 0.01) between birds fed the unsupplemented moderate and high energy diets. Glycine supplementation of the moderate energy diet linearly increased (p<0.01) egg weight and feed intake with no significant (p>0.05) effects on egg production or feed conversion. Glycine supplementation significantly increased egg content (p<0.01), albumen weight (p<0.01) and percentage (p<0.01) as well as yolk weight (p<0.01) while yolk percentage (p = 0.04), yolk to albumen ratio (p = 0.01) and egg shell percentage (p<0.01) were linearly decreased. Supplementation with glycine produced a tendency (p = 0.09) towards an increase in the percentage of large eggs (63-72.9 g) produced with a concomitant decrease in the percentage of small (below 53 g) eggs (p = 0.09). The overall results of this study indicate that glycine supplementation of laying hen rations has the potential to increase egg production and weight. These increases appeared to be mediated through increases in feed intake and the ileal digestibility of fat and energy.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.275-282
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• 2020

Two experiments were conducted to examine the effects of the difference in energy concentration in diets on performance and nutrient digestibility of growing-finishing pigs. The experimental diets were as follows: 1) a normal energy level corn-soybean meal-based diet (CON) and 2) high-energy diet compared with the CON (HE). Pigs had free access to their feed and water ad labium for 6 weeks during each experimental period. In experiment 1, 60 growing pigs (initial body weight [BW] of 23.85 kg) were randomly allotted to 2 treatment groups with 5 replications (6 pigs·pen^-1). In experiment 2, 48 finishing pigs (initial BW = 65.13 kg) were randomly assigned to 2 treatment groups with 6 replications (4 pigs·pen^-1). The growth performance was measured at the beginning and end of each period. The apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) was determined by chromium oxide as an indigestible marker during the last 7 days of each experiment. In experiment 1, the dietary treatments did not affect the growth performance and ATTD of energy and nutrients. In experiment 2, no differences in growth performance were observed for pigs fed CON and HE throughout the experimental period. Additionally, dietary treatments did not affect the ATTD. In conclusion, the high energy content in diets for the growing-finishing period had no effect on the growth performance or digestibility, indicating that a wide range of energy content changes in diets would be required to affect the performance and digestibility of grower-finisher pigs. It is also necessary to understand the characteristics of components used to adjust the dietary energy concentration.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.31-35
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• 1996

An experiment was conducted on rainbow trout(Oncorhynclus mykiss) for eight weeks to investigate the growth performance of the fish fed with different dietary protein with constant diet energy of $20kJg^{-1}$. Four diets containing 25, 30, 35 and 40% crude protein were used. The highest mean final weight was obtained for the fish fed with diet having 35% protein. Growth performance in terms of Specific Growth Rate (SGR), Food Conversion Ratio (FCR) and Protein Efficiency Ratio (PER) were calculated for each diet. There were no significant differences in SGR but the highest value was exhibited by fish fed with 35% protein diet. Significant differences were found among FCR of different diets. Diets with 35 and 40% crude protein gave better FCR value than that of 25 and 30% crude protein. Although significant differences were not found between PER of different diets but PER of diet with 35% protein was found to be better than PER of both high and low protein diets (diets of 40 and 30% crude protein). It is concluded that diet having 35% protein with protein energy ratio of $17.53mgkJ^{-1}$ was suitable for rainbow trout (O. mykiss) among the protein spectrum used.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.11-16
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• 1999

Alfalfa의 급여수준이 산양의 섭취량, 소화율과 질소 및 에너지 이용성에 미치는 영향을 비교 검토하고자 재래산양을 공시하여 orchardgrass 100% 급여구, orchardgrass 80%+alfalfa 20% 급여구 및 orchardgrass 60%+alfalfa 40% 급여구 등의 3 처리를 두어 시험한 결과는 다음과 같다. CP 함량은 orchardgrass 100% 급여구에 비하여 alfalfa의 급여수준이 증가될수록 높아졌다(P<0.05). 그러나 NDF, ADF, hemicllulose 및 lignin 함량은 orchardgrass 100% 급여구에 비하여 alfalfa의 급여수준이 증가될수록 낮아지는 양상을 보였다. 건물섭취량과 건물, 세포 내용물 및 섬유소 소화율은 orchardgrass 100% 급여구에 비하여 alfalfa의 급여수준이 증가될수록 높아지는 양상을 보여 orchardgrass 60%+alfalfa 40% 급여구에서 가장 높았다(P<0.05). 가소화 및 대사질소의 축적율과 생물가는 orchardgrass 100% 급여구에 비하여 alfalfa의 급여수준이 증가될수록 높아졌다(P<0.05). 가소화에너지 및 대사에너지의 이용성은 alfalfa 급여구에서 다소 높은 결과를 보였으나 처리 간에 차이는 없었다. 이상의 결과로 보아 OG 100% 급여구에 비하여 AA 급여구(AA 20, 40%)는 건물섭취량, 소화율 및 질소 이용성을 높이는데 효과적이었으나 에너지 이용성에는 큰 차이가 없었던 것으로 보아 에너지원을 추가 공급하는 것이 좋다고 하겠다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.116-122
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• 1996

This study aimed at the effect of carbohydrate level on serum glucose and lipid in Korean female 300 NIDDM patients. Mostly NIDDM appears in 50-64 years. As carbohydrate level increased, nutrient intakes increased. Most carbohydrate intakes were polysaccharides. High carbohydrate diets made blood glucose level increased. But high carbohydrate-fiber diets result lowering effect on serum LDL /HDL-cholesterol ratio and triacylglycerides. In conclusion, NIDDM patients need regular exercise and total energy intake balance. High carbohydrate-fiber diets are recommendable.