• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.107-120
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• 2011

The ability to feed an expanding world population poses one of the greatest challenges to mankind in the future. Accompanying the increased demand for food by the expected nine billion inhabitants of Earth in 2050 will be a continual decrease in arable land area, together with a decline in crop yield due to a variety of stresses. For these formidable challenges to be met, future crops should not only by high-yielding, but also stress-tolerant and disease-resistant. In this review, we highlight the importance of genetic engineering as an indispensable tool to generate just such future crops. We briefly discuss strategies and available tools for biotechnological crop improvement and identify selected examples of candidate genes that may be manipulated so that current biological maxima in yield may be surpassed by comfortable margins. Future prospects and the necessity for basic research aimed at identifying novel target genes are also discussed.

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.33.1-33.1
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• 2009

To date, nanostructured tungsten oxides with a variety of stoichiometries, such as WO3, WO2.9, W18O49, and WO2, have been prepared, because they are promising candidates for applications such as gas sensors, photocatalysts, electrochromic devices, and field emission devices. Among them, W18O49 and WO2 have been widely studied due to their outstanding chemical sensing, catalytic, and electron emissive properties. Here we report, for the first time, a one-pot solution-phase route to synthesizing a novel composite hierarchical hollow structure without adding catalysts, surfactants, or templates. The products, consisting of a WO2 hollow core sphere surrounded by a W18O49 nanorod shell (yielding a sea urchin-like structure), were generated as discrete structures via Ostwald ripening. To our knowledge, this type of composite hierarchical core/shell structure has not been reported previously. The morphological evolution and the detailed growth mechanism were carefully studied. We also demonstrate that the size of the hollow urchins is readily tunable by controlling the reactant concentrations.Interestingly, although bulk tungsten oxides are weakly paramagnetic or diamagnetic, the as-prepared products show unusual ferromagnetic behavior atroom temperature. The urchin structures also show a very high Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET) surface area, suggesting that they may potentially be applied to chemical sensor or effective catalyst technologies.

• BMB Reports
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.427-432
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• 2003

Jute is the principal coarse fiber for commercial production and use in Bangladesh. Therefore, the development of a high-yielding and environmental-stress tolerant jute variety would be beneficial for the agro economy of Bangladesh. Two molecular fingerprinting techniques, random-amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and amplified-fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) were applied on six jute samples. Two of them were cold-sensitive varieties and the remaining four were cold-tolerant accessions. RAPD and AFLP fingerprints were employed to generate polymorphism between the cold-sensitive varieties and cold-tolerant accessions because of their simplicity, and also because there is no available sequence information on jute. RAPD data were obtained by using 30 arbitrary oligonucleotide primers. Five primers were found to give polymorphism between the varieties that were tested. AFLP fingerprints were generated using 25 combinations of selective-amplification primers. Eight primer combinations gave the best results with 93 polymorphic fragments, and they were able to discriminate the two cold-sensitive and four cold-tolerant jute populations. A cluster analysis, based on the RAPD and AFLP fingerprint data, showed the population-specific grouping of individuals. This information could be useful later in marker-aided selection between the cold-sensitive varieties and cold-tolerant jute accessions.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.118-122
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• 2003

These studies were carried out to clarify the effects of black P.E. mulching and planting density on the growth and rhizome yield of Jihwang #1, a new high yielding Rehmannia glutinosa variety. Emergence ratio was higher 3.1％ in mulching than in non-mulching, but was not affected by planting density. Plant height and fresh leaf weight per plant were increased by mulching and at lower planting density. However, the fresh leaf weight per unit area was increased at higher planting density. Dry rhizome weight was increased 28% in mulching than that of non-mulching. Dry rhizome weight per plant was increased, but that of per unit area was decreased at lower planting density.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.335-342
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• 2015

This research was conducted to examine the changes in growth and production of Oryza sativa L. cv. Ilmi, which was developed to cultivate high yielding rice variety in the Southern plains of Korea. The seedlings of the rice were cultivated from May to October in 2012 under three different conditions: control, AC-AT, ambient $CO_2$ + ambient temperature; AC-ET, ambient $CO_2$ + elevated temperature; EC-ET, elevated $CO_2$ + elevated temperature. The aboveground biomass, belowground biomass, the total biomass of the rice, and panicle weight per individual were the heaviest in the EC-ET. But, the number of grains per panicle and the weight of one grain was higher at the condition of AC-ET and EC-ET than that of AC-AT. The number of tiller was higher at the condition of AC-AT and AC-ET than that of EC-ET. However, there was no significant difference in the number of panicles per individual and the ripened grain rate among the control and global warming treatments. Crop yield was the highest in the EC-ET. This result means that the global warming condition should be considered in the selection of suitable paddy field for the limibyeo in the future.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.1430-1432
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• 2003

Agricultural areas in the north region of Bangladesh suffer from water shortages during the dry season as well as dry spells in the monsoon period. The Teesta Barrage was constructed in 1990 to provide supplemental irrigation water during the monsoon period. After completion of the project high yielding variety of crops were introduced more in the project area. Due to this reason unforeseen needs of irrigation water during the dry season has emerged. This study reviews the current irrigation status and related constraints to a full development of the project and provides suggestions for future improvement of the project. Also suggested is to apply remote sensing technique for the management of the system as a whole. Use of remote sensing technique for the management of irrigation water resources is a new approach in Bangladesh. Application of such a powerful tool will provide better management options for large-scale irrigation projects in the country.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.139-144
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• 2011

Fifty-five sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) germplasm from the Rural Development Administration (RDA) were analyzed for their fruit yield and fruit quality characters, including fruit weight, fruit size, pericarp thickness, total soluble content, fruit lobe, fruit shape, fruit surface and fruit color. Fruit yield per plot ranged from 200 g to 8150 g (average, 1884 g). Fruit fresh-weight per fruit ranged from 27.3 g to 200.0 g with an average of 97.2 g. Fruit length varied from 4.0 cm to 16.2 cm (average, 9.6 cm). Fruit length-to-width ratio ranged from 0.6 to 3.0 with an average 1.7. The fruit pericarp thickness ranged from 1.8 mm to 10.7 mm (average, 4.8 mm). Total soluble content was the highest ($8.5^{\circ}Brix$) in K156286 and the lowest ($5.3^{\circ}Brix$) in K156208 with the average value $6.7^{\circ}Brix$. Fruit lobes numbers varied from 2 to 4. Blocky, triangular, elongated, rectangular and round fruit shape identified among the sweet pepper accessions. Fruit surface varied from smooth to wrinkle and fruit color also varied. The presence of variability in fruit yield and quality traits within the sweet pepper genotypes can be utilized to develop high yielding sweet pepper variety with better fruit quality characters.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.89 no.1
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• pp.93-102
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• 2024

Using negative Poisson's ratio materials, an innovative metallic-yielding damper is introduced for the first time in this study. Through the use of ABAQUS commercial software, a nonlinear finite element analysis is conducted to determine the performance of the proposed system. Mild steel plates with elliptical holes are used for these types of dampers, which dissipate energy through an inelastic deformation of the constitutive material. To assess the capability of the proposed damper, nonlinear quasi-static finite element analyses have been conducted on the damper with a variety of geometric parameters. According to the results, the proposed system is ductile and has a high capacity to dissipate energy. The proposed auxetic damper has a specific energy absorption of 910.8 J/kg and a ductility of 33.6. Therefore, this damper can dissipate a large amount of earthquake input energy without buckling by increasing the buckling load of the brace with its ductile behavior. In addition, it was found that by incorporating auxetic dampers in the steel frame, the frame was made harder, stronger, and ductile and its energy absorption increased by 300%.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.576-580
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• 2011

'Keunseom', a new second generation Tongil-type rice variety (Oryza sativa L.), is a mid-maturing ecotype developed by the rice breeding team of Department of Functional Crop, NICS, RDA in 2006. This variety was originated from a cross between 'Dasanbyeo' and 'Namyeongbyeo' in 1996's summer season, which developed by pedigree breeding method. The pedigree of 'Keunseom' was YR18234-B-B-98-3-5-1, and it was designated 'Milyang202' in 2002. 'Keunseom' has tolerance to lodging, because it has short culm length as 77 cm. This variety is resistance to bacterial blight K1 race, rice stripe virus, rice dwarf virus, and leaf blast disease. Milled rice kernel of 'Keunseom' is a clean translucent with non-glutinous endosperm, and has good quality as it was clear in chalkness. The milled rice yield potential of 'Keunseom' was about 719 kg/10a at ordinary fertilizer level of local adaptability test. This cultivar would be adaptable to the mid and southern plain of Republic of Korea.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.289-295
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• 1988

An ordinary paddy variety Hwaseong and a high-yielding variety Samgang were taken under investigation to test the effect of top dressing of newly formulated three compound fertilizers on rice plants for at sprouting heads. The fertilizer formulate used were C. F. I (14-0-14; $NO_3-N$ and $NH_4-N$) and C. F. II (14-0-14; $NH_4-N$ only) and C. F. III (14-0-14 + OM 10%; $NO_3-N$ and $NH_4-N$). A field experiment was conducted on a plot of Gyuam series. The following results were obtained: 1. Effects of compound fertilizers at sprouting heads a. Hwaseong variety exhibited 5-10% yielding increases on the plots with application of 2nd compound fertilizer (I) and (II) compared to straight fertilizer of (I) and (III). Fertilization with 2nd and 3rd compound fertilizers gave the best result when they are done 15 days before heading. A yield increase of 3-5% was achieved when the fertilization was done 20 days before heading in the case of Samgang variety, but no beneficial effect was observed with an application 10 days before heading. b. Rate of barren grains was at the minimum in the compound fertilizer (II) plots of both Hwaseong and Samgang varieties. c. Content of $NO_3-N$ in soils and grain yield appeared to be positively correlated($r=0.618^*$) 2. Effects of heading fertilizers on artificially reduced conditions of soil a. No significant difference in Eh values were measured among reduced paddy soils. The compound fertilizer of (II) presented the best result in yield increases regardless of rice variety. b. Rate of barren grains in both varieties was observed at the minimum on the application of compound fertilizer of (II). c. No great difference of mineral contents was detected among plants from different treatments.