• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 1998.10a
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• pp.210-232
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• 1998

Tong-il, the high-yielding rice variety bred on early 1970, effected a turning point in modern rice production in Korea. As rice production reached the highest record yield in 1978 with HYV, Korea achieved self-sufficiency in domestic supply of rice (or the first time in (her own) history, HYV required high input of fertilizers and pesticides for proving its yielding ability and needed new techniques such as early nursery-planting to prevent chilling damage. But, farm economy did not follow the successful achievement of rice production because of increased farming cost and inflation.'Tong-il variety has been replaced by new high-yielding Japonica varieties from 1980 when record-low-temperature during summer months had persisted. Also, the cooked rice of Tong-il variety did not agree with the appetite of Korean people. Though the hectarage of Tong-il rice did reduce, farmers applied the same high-input cultural techniques for new Japonica cultivars as did for Tong-il variety. Heavy application of nitrogen fertilizer contaminated surface and ground water with nitrate ions while phosphorous fertilizer was blamed for algae pollution. Frequent spray of pesticide and herbicide reduced significantly the biotic population in paddy ecosystems including insects and soil microorganisms. The new technologies of the 21st century must be directed to produce safe food, to save natural resources, and to preserve a clean environment for human welfare. We need low-input sustainable farming techniques to provide high-yielding crops and to preserve a healthy ecosystem.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.57-61
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• 2003

A new silkworm variety, Chugangjam, with a sex-limited larval marking and high silk yielding for summer-autumn rearing season is $F_1$ hybrid between Jam 147, a Japanese race bred from P8503/8453, and Jam 148, a Chinese race from M8306/Jam 130. Jam 147, Japanese parent of the Chugangjam showed a high GCA (general combining ability) in pupation percentage and Jam 148, Chinese parent, showed a high GCA in pupation percentage and single cocoon weight. In the local adaptability test performed at 8 local areas in autumn of 2001, Chugangjam was 5% higher in cocoon yield and 8% in raw silk productivity in the 10,000 of the 3rd molted larvae, respectively, than the check variety Daesungjam.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 1999.11a
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• pp.80-101
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• 1999

Self-sufficiency ratio of food crops in Korea is estimated under $20{\%}$ in 2010 because total food consumption including feed will be increased. but food grain production will be decreased. It is necessary to maintain the optimum level of food self-sufficiency rate to secure national food demand/supply balance and non-trade and multiple function of agriculture in Korea. It will be possible to produce more food grains having the acceptable quality if the appropriate policy and cropping techniques are developed and practised in future. Breeding for high yielding varieties should be the first target to raise the production potential of food crops . Number of varieties developed during last 30 years is counted as 353 in food crops. New varieties developed in 1990s showed the higher yield potential and the improved agronomic characteristics compared with 1970s and 1980s varieties. But number of varieties planted on the farmer's field over $5{\%}$ of national planting area is less than one third of total varieties developed Breeding efforts to maintain planting area of main food crops should be focussed on consumer's demand and farmer's need. They are the best quality variety in each field of crop utilization, the newly designed variety adapting to changes of natural, rural and cropping environment, and the higher yielding variety. It is also needed to develop new quality crop varieties for inducing more consumption of crop grain produced in Korea for direct food or processing. Development of barley varieties for animal feed. high income soybean varieties, high quality wheat variety. and super yielding rice and barley varieties are also needed to keep or maximize national food production potential. In order to establish the appropriate cropping technique for domestic food security, the strong and continuous interest and financial support on crop breeding are required, and the inter-disciplinary and inter-institutionary researches should be strengthened for successful crop breeding.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.5-16
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• 1970

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.419-422
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• 2002

Korean angelica(Angelica gigas Nakai), a oriental medicinal plants is important and in great demand in Korea. This crop is a biennial which is to die after flower, so as could not harvest the root. A new variety 'Anpung' was developed from the selection of the local collecting population by medicinal crop team at NCES in 2001. This showed stable bolting during its cropping year and have high quality and yield potential. The color is greenish purple in stem and red purple in flower. It was longer in plant height and root length, thicker in root diameter, more leave and latheral roots comparing with the check variety 'Manchu'. The dry root was 72 g/plant showing heavier than check variety of 65 g/plant. It showed such low bolting rate as 0.5%, on the other hand 49.3% in landrace when it cultured by transplanting with heating nursery seedlings, and $0{\sim}15%$ with field nursery seedlings. The dry root yield of the variety was averaged 3,630 kg/ha out yielding the check variety by 11% at the three regional yield test from 1999 to 2001. Finally, 'Anpung' showed higher content of extracts up to 46.3% in 'Anpung' and 45% in check variety, decursin and decursinol contents was 3.48% and 2.79%, showing slightly higher than check variety.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.635-639
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• 2009

A new peanut variety "Pungan"(Arachis hypogaea ssp. hypogaea L.) was developed at the Department of Functional Crop, NICS(National Institute of Crop Science), in Milyang in 2008. It was developed from the cross between the high-yielding cultivar "Saedl" and the very short stem cultivar "Satonoka". "Pungan", a Virginia palnt type, has 20 branches with long ellipseshaped large grains. The 100 grain weight was 88 g, 7 g heavier than the check variety Daekwang. This variety is more resistant to late leaf spot and web blotch compared to Daekwang, a check variety. Moreover, it is lodging resistant owing to its short stem. "Pungsan" outyielded the check variety by 16% with 4.67 MT/ha in regional yield trials.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.35-40
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• 1982

New malting barley variety" Doosan #8" is a short culm, lodging registance, high tillering, good quality and high yielding variety. This variety was developed from the cross 'Tai Chung 2 rowed barley #1 \times Deba abed' made in 1972 at Sacheon Malting Barley Experiment station, Doo San Fann's Co. This variety was determined to recommend to the all malting barley production areas in southern part of Korea from 1981. of Korea from 1981.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.178-183
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• 2008

A new peanut variety "Seonan" (Arachis hypogaea ssp. hypogaea L.) was developed at the Yeongnam Agricultural Research Institute, NICS, in Milyang in 2007. It was developed from the cross between the erect short stem cultivar "SP9128" and the high-yielding cultivar "Daekwang". "Seanan" which is Virginia plant type has 18 branch number per plant with early maturing and long-ellipse shaped large kernel. Each pod has two grains with brown testa and 100 seed weight was 87 g in the regional yield trials (RYT). Especially this variety has resistance to lodging owing to short stem. The free sugar and tannin content of fresh peanut are 3.7% and 0.48%, respectively, similar to check variety. In the regional yield trials "Seonan" was outyielded than check variety by 14% with 8.59 MT/ha for fresh pod and by 7% with 3.75 MT/ha for grain.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.58 no.3
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• pp.213-219
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• 2013

A field study was conducted to understand nitrogen use efficiency of high yielding Japonica rice varieties under three levels of nitrogen fertilizer (90, 150 and 210 kg N $ha^{-1}$) in Iksan, Korea. Two high yielding rice varieties, Boramchan and Deuraechan, and an control variety, Dongjin2, were grown in fine silty paddy. Nitrogen use efficiencies (NUE) were 83.3, 56.3, and 41.2 in 90, 150, and 210 kg N $ha^{-1}$ fertilizer level, respectively. Total nitrogen uptake varied significantly among nitrogen levels and varieties. Variety Dongjin2 showed the highest nitrogen uptake efficiency (NUpE), while Boramchan and Deuraechan showed higher nitrogen utilization efficiency (NUtE). However, Nitrogen harvest index (NHI) was higher in Boramchan (0.58) than Deuraechan (0.57) and Dongjin2 (0.53). Rough rice yield showed linear relationship with total nitrogen uptake ($R^2$=0.72) within the range of nitrogen treatments. Boramchan produced significantly higher rough rice yield (8546 kg $ha^{-1}$) which mainly due to higher number of panicles per $m^2$ compared to Deuraechan (7714 kg $ha^{-1}$). Deuraechan showed higher number of spikelets per panicle, but showed lower yield due to lower number of panicle per $m^2$. Rice varieties showed different nitrogen uptake ability and NUE at different nitrogen level. Plant breeders and agronomist should take advantage of the significant variations and relationships among grain yield, NUpE, and NUE.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 1991.05a
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• pp.36-37
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• 1991