• Journal of the Korean Society of Combustion
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.31-39
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• 1996

An equilibrium analysis was carried out to determine principal species in the incineration of hazardous waste, which was assumed as a compound of hydrocarbon fuel, chlorine, sulfur, and heavy metals, and their behaviors with variation of temperature, chlorine and sulfur concentrations. Calculated results showed that the most important parameter influencing the principal species was temperature. Chlorine concentration affected on mole fractions of the species, especially at high temperature. Existence of sulfur had a significant effect on the species at low temperature, regardless of surfur concentration. Generally, principal species at high temperature were chlorides and oxides, while the principal species at low temperature were sulfides. As temperature increased, mole fractions of the principal species increased at low temperature, however, mole fractions of some metal species decreased at high temperature.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.3372-3381
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• 1995

An equilibrium analysis was carried out to determine principal species of heavy metals in waste incineration and their behaviors with variation of temperature, chlorine concentration, excess air ratio, and C/H ratio. The waste was assumed as a compound of hydrocarbon fuel, chlorine, and metals. Calculated results showed that the most important parameter to determine the principal species was temperature. Chlorine concentration also affected on mole fractions of the principal species. Generally principal species at high temperature were chlorides while there were some metals of which principal species were oxides. At low temperature mole fractions of the principal species increased, but at high temperature mole fractions of some metal species decreased. C/H ratio of the hydrocarbon fuel and excess air ratio had little effect on mole fractions of the metal species, compared to the temperature and chlorine concentration.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2000.12a
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• pp.132-139
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• 2000

Oxygen enriched incineration can increase the incineration capacity for wastes and dramatically reduce air pollutant emissions such as CO and dioxine by the allowing complete combustion of wastes in incinerator. Furthermore, this technology is proven to have many benefits including an energy-saving, cost-effective, and versatile application for diverse wastes compared with the conventional air incineration technology. The reduced pollutant emissions in flue gas and higher incineration efficiency are also available when the oxygen enriched air is used for the high temperature incineration systems. On the basis of the experimental results the oxygen enrichment system is successfully applied to the rotary kiln incinerator for industrial wastes. The oxygen enriched incineration system could be allowed more compact design of incinerator and flue gas treatment system due to both increasing incineration capacity and reducing flue gas volume. Therefore, oxygen enriched incineration technology is becoming highlighted in the waste incinerator which strongly require more stable efficiency and environmentally friendly and safe operationPut Abstract text here.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.238-244
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• 2005

This study performs the pilot-plant experiments to evaluate the effect of the oxygen enrichment on the co-incineration of municipal solid waste and organic sludge from a wastewater treatment facility. The design capacity of the stoker-type incinerator pilot-plant is 150 kg/h. Combustion chamber temperatures were measured as well as the stack gas concentrations, i.e., NOx, CO, and the residual oxygen. The maximum ratio of organic sludge waste to the total waste input is 30%. Also the oxygen-enriched air with 23% of oxygen in supplied air is used for stable combustion. As the co-incineration ratio of the sludge increased up to 30% of the total waste input, the primary and the secondary combustion chamber temperature was decreased $to900^{\circ}C$ (primary combustion chamber), $750^{\circ}C$(secondary combustion chamber), respectively, approximately $200^{\circ}C$ below the incineration temperature of the domestic waste only (primary: $1,100^{\circ}C$, secondary: $950^{\circ}C$). However, if the supplied air was enriched to 22% oxygen content in air, the incinerator temperature was high enough to burn the waste mixture with 30% sludge, which has the heating value of 1,600 kcal/kg.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.22 no.1 s.63
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• pp.1-16
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• 2007

The incineration process has commonly used for wastes amount reduction and thermal treatments of pollutants as the technologies accumulated. However, the process is getting negative public images owing to matter of hazardous pollutants emission. Specially dioxins became a main issue and is mostly emitted from municipal solid wastes incineration. In this reason, pyrolysis/gasfication/melting process is presented as a alternative of incineration process. The pyrolysis/gasfication/melting process, a novel technology, is middle of verification of commercial plant and development of technologies in Korea. But the survey about the pollutant emission from the process, and background data in these facilities is necessary. So in this survey, it Is investigated that the behavior of dioxins in three pyrolysis/gasfication/melting plant (S, T, P) of pilot scale. In case of S plant, concentration of dioxins shows high at latter part of cogenerated boiler and stack which are operate on low temperature conditions than a latter parts of pyrolysis and melting furnace which are operate on high temperature condition. Concentration of gas phage dioxins had increased after combusted gas passed cogenerated boiler and this is attributed to react of precursor materials such as chlorobenzene and chlorophenol. Concentration of dioxins in T plant showed lower levels at latter part of cooling equipment which are operate with water spray type on low temperature conditions than a latter parts of gasfied melting furnace which are operate on high temperature condition. Removal efficiency of dioxins at gas treatment equipment was 78.8 %. Concentration of dioxins in P plant was low at latter part of SDA/BF which is operate at low temperature conditions than a latter parts of pyrolysis gasfied chamber which are operate at high temperature condition. Removal efficiency of dioxins of SDA/BF was 85.9 % and therefore, it showed high efficiency at those of stoker type incineration facility. However, concentration of dioxins which emitted at high temperature condition were low in three facilities and satisfied present standard emission level of dioxins. To consider the distribution ratio of dioxins, Particulate phase dioxins at S and P plants showed similar ratio with which shows in current stoker type for middle scale domestic waste incineration facility. It is necessary to continuos monitoring the ratio of distribution of dioxins in T plant in because ratio of gas phage dioxins showed high.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.759-771
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• 2004

This study analyzed concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced from incineration of plastic wastes at $600^{\circ}C$. The plastic wastes used in this study included polyethyleneterephthlate (PETE), high density polyethylene (HOPE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), low density polyethylene (LOPE), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS) and other. Plastic wastes were heated from room temperature upto $600^{\circ}C$ providing the compressed air inside of a small-scale electric furnace for 90 minutes and then they were oxidized (incinerated) for 60 minutes at $600^{\circ}C$ maintaining the same air supply. VOCs emitted from the incineration process were sampled using an air sampling pump and Tedlar air bags for 150 minutes and then the components and concentrations of the VOCs were analyzed by a GC-MS. The most prominent chemical structure of the VOCs obtained from the incineration process of the HOPE, LOPE and PP, which include ethylene groups in their main chains, was identified as aliphatic hydrocarbons such as 1-hexene. However, aromatics such as benzene were major chemical structure from the incineration of PETE, PVC and PS which include benzene rings in their main chains. This study estimated the total VOC production from the incineration of the plastic wastes based on the real plastic waste production and the emission factors. 64% and 27% of the total VOC emissions consisted of aliphatic hydrocarbons and aromatics, respectively, which have double bonds within their molecular structure and thus a high ground level ozone formation potential.

• Environmental Sciences Bulletin of The Korean Environmental Sciences Society
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.215-220
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• 2000

This study on the incineration ash and sintering pellet from sewage sludge was carried out to evaluate the possibility of recycling in sewage sludge disposal. The samples used in this experiment were raw sewage sludge, its incineration ash, and sintering pellet. The characteristics of the three sample types were identified using X-ray diffraction(XRD), X-ray fluorescence(XRF), atomic absorption spectroscopy(AAS), and inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy(ICP). The chemical compositions of all three sample types were similar in their clay component, however, the sewage sludge had a high content of organic materials. From an analysis of the mineral content of the three sample types, the conversion of their compositions was found to be relative to temperature. Accordingly, incineration ash and sintering pellet both have potential for use as a functional construction material.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.236-242
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• 2003

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.27 no.8
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• pp.418-425
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• 2015

The Korean government plans to establish large-scale horticultural facilities using reclaimed land to improve the competitiveness of the national agricultural sector at the government level. One of the most significant corresponding problems is the ongoing dependence of these facilities on fossil fuel, whereby constant heating is necessary during the winter season to provide the necessary breeding conditions for greenhouse crops. In particular, high-level energy consumption is incurred from the use of heating-related coverings with large heat-transmission coefficients such as those composed of vinyl and glass. This study investigated the potential applicability of waste-incineration heat for use in large-scale horticultural facilities by evaluating the hot-water temperature, heat loss, and available greenhouse area as functions of the distance between the incineration facility and the greenhouse. In conclusion, waste-incineration heat from a HDPE pipe can heat a horticultural facility of 10 ha if the distance is less than 8 km.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.1983-1993
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• 1996

For selected (pure and compound) metallic species effects of saturation ratio, temperature, particle size and number density on condensation mechanisms are first reviewed. The tendencies for vaporization and condensation differ between metallic species because of the significant differences in their saturation pressures. Then particle pressure of a metal vapor species at incineration temperature is calculated by simplifying waste as a compound of methane, chlorine and small amounts of metals and assuming a thermodynamic equilibrium state. Next the condition is assessed for which supersaturation of combustion gases by the species above the critical level for homogeneous condensation may occur, when the gases contain a large number of pre-existing particles such as entrained ashes. Regardless of the presence of chlorine in the waste, the homogeneous condensation of PbO vapors may occur, depending on number density of the pre-existing particles. However, when chlorine exists in the waste, the homogeneous condensation of PbCl$_2$vapors does not occur, which is similar to the case of Cd and Hg vapors. Thus these highly volatile species, PbCl$_2$, Cd, and Hg, may emit to atmosphere as vapor phase. In general, for reducing the emission of hazardous metallic species into the atmosphere, the number density of pre-existing particles has to be increased. For fixed particle number density, the temperature drop rate must be kept in low if the temperature at which a condensable vapor species emits from a incineration system is fixed, while the temperature drop rate must be kept in high if the residence time for which a condensable species stays in the system is fixed.