• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2008년도 춘계 학술발표회 초청강연 및 논문집
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• pp.1061-1064
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• 2008

A completion of settling process takes a lot of time for dredged materials of high moisture content, such as contaminated sludge, in landfill site. In general, additives (e.g. flocculants) are used for reducing settling time of such colloidal material, which results in the increase of sludge volume, and hence much space is required in landfill site. This study is to suggest alternative method in order to enhance the settling process of cohesive clayey soils. A number of gravitational sedimentation tests as well as electrokinetic experiments were conducted to investigate the variation of initial moisture content on the settling behaviour of clay slurry. Surface settlement, electric current and local voltage gradient were monitored during the experiment, and moisture content and soil pH were measured after the experiment. From the results, the application of electrokinetics was found to be effective in volume reduction (i.e. increase of settling velocity and decrease of final moisture content) by comparison with gravitational settling process.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.317-323
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• 2014

People could not imagine living without tab water. However, the water filtering process at a purification plant used to produce tab water creates tons of sludge, which is generally wasted. This sludge waste consists of (1) mineral elements, such as sand, (2) organic materials, and (3) a coagulant, which agglomerates the two. As an enormous amount of sludge waste is generated every year, numerous studies have been carried out to identify how to deal with this problem. Currently, however, most of the sludge waste is directly discarded in landfills. In the present study, water-purified sludge waste received a heat treatment at $1300^{\circ}C$ and was then ground into particles to be used as a ceramic material. Next, the resultant particles were compounded with chamotte substitutes to produce grogged clay that is suitable for wheel-throwing ceramics. Consequently, the plasticity of the sludge waste decreased as the content of calcination increased. Thus, it is considered that wheel throwing is available only up to PBF-3. Thus, it is available for wheel throwing and has a high strength of 864 $kgf/cm^2$ with less than 0.2 percent of porosity and absorption ratio were displayed in PBF-2 at $1280^{\circ}C$ with 20 percent of calcination from the purified sludge. Therefore, the PBF-2 body produced in this study was considered to be capable of replacing grogged clay in the market.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.273-278
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• 2003

다공질 세라믹스 흡음재료의 흡음특성과 물리.기계적 특성에 미치는 하수슬러지 슬래그 첨가량과 입경 효과에 대하여 조사하였다. 시편의 물리.기계적 특성은 슬래그 입경과 관계 없이 소성온도가 증가하고 슬래그 함량이 감소함에 따라 증가하였으며, 슬래그의 함량이 일정한 시편은 물유리 첨가량이 증가하고 슬래그 입경이 감소함에 따라 증가하였다. 1~3mm 크기의 슬래그를 약 77~89 wt% 함유하고 1,05$0^{\circ}C$에서 2시간 소성한 시편의 부피비중은 1.48~1.71, 압축강도 85~163 kgf/$\textrm{cm}^2$을 나타내었으며, 1~3mm의 슬래그를 이용한 시편은 저주파영역, 슬래그 입경이 1 mm이하인 시편은 고주파영역의 흡음특성이 향상되었으며, 시편의 두께가 증가함에 따라 저주파영역의 흡음특성이 향상되었다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.125-136
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• 1992

Digestion of a municipal wastewater sludge by the anaerobic sequencing batch reactor (ASBR) was investigated to evaluate the performance of the ASBR process at a critical condition of high-solids-content fined. The reactors were operated at an HRT of 10 days with an equivalent loading rate of 0.8-1.5 gVS/L/d at 35$^{\circ}C$ The main conclusions drawn from this study were as follows: 1. Digestion of a municipal wastewater sludge was possible using the ASBR in spite of high concentration of settleable solids in the sludge. The ASBRS with 3- and 4-day cycle period showed almost identical high digestion performances. 2. No adverse effect on digestion stability was observed In the ASBRS in spite of withdrawal and replenishment of 30% or 40% of liquid contents. A conventional anaerobic digester could be easily converted to the ASBR without any stability problem. 3. Flotation thickening occurred in thicken step of the ASBRS throughout steady state, and floating bed volume at the end of thicken period occupied about 70% of the working volume of the reactor Efficiency of flotation thickening in the ASBRS could be comparable to that of additional gravity thickening of a completely mixed digester. 4. Solids were accumulated rapidly in the ASBR during start-up period. Solids concentrations in the ASBRS were 2.6 times higher than that in the completely mixed control reactor at steady state. Dehydrogenase activity had a strong correlation with the solids concentration. Dehydrogenase activity of the digested flu형e in the ASBR was 2.9 times higher than that of the flu형e in the control reactor, and about 25 times higher than that of the subnatant in the ASBR. 5. Remarkable increase in equivalent gas production of 52% was observed at the ASBRS compared with the control reactor in spite of similar quality of clarified effluent from the ASBRS and control reactor. The increase in gas production from the ASBRS was believed to be combined results of accumulation of microorganisms, higher driving force applied, and additional long-term degradation of organics continuously accumulated.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2003년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.124-127
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• 2003

Sewage sludge and clay used as raw materials in the study. Green aggregates contain different contents by dried weight of the sewage sludge, up to 80 percent is manufactured and burning conditions of soak temperature, soak time and rate of temperature increase. influence of burning condition and mixing ratio on specific gravity of burned aggregate are discussed. The appropriate burning condition to all aggregates is evaluated. Aggregates result form the thermal treatment get specific gravity under 0.8, water absorption fewer than 7.5 percent, and aggregate crushing value from 28 to 53. As the result, aggregates can be available as the lightweight aggregate for non-structural concrete.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2005년도 봄학술 발표회 논문집(II)
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• pp.157-160
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to efficiently treat the sewage sludge discharged from sewage treatment plants and evaluate the feasibility of the manufacture of lightweight aggregates(LWA) using a large quantity of sewage sludge and inorganic waste binder ;f1y-ash, waste-stone, tailing, phosphogypsum. Then they were burned in different soak temperatures from 1190$^{circ}C$ to 1290$^{circ}C$ with fixed soak time and heating rate at 5 minutes and 20$^{circ}C$/min respectively in order to produce lightweight aggregate (LWA). Experiment were generated to evaluate the quality of LWA as well as the relationship between burning condition and product's quality.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.12-20
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• 1994

제철공정에서 발생하는 각종 분진 및 Sludge류는 미세한 입도와 Zn, Alkali의 높은 농도 때문에 소절공정에의 직접활용이 곤란하다. 이러한 성분 및 입도상의 문제를 극복하기 위하여 이들 폐기물로부터 새로운 Flux를 개발하여 철광석 소결공정에 적용하였다. 소결 Dust와 석회석 Sludge를 혼합 예비소성하여 얻은 Calcium ferrite를 새로운 Flux로써 철광석의 소결에 적용한 결과 소결 생산성을 향상시키고 소결광의 상온강도를 개선하는 효과를 얻을 수 있었다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.95-103
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• 2004

본 연구는 하수슬러지를 토양개량재로 적용에 따른 세 가지 유기인계 농약 Diazinon, Fenitrothion, Chlorpyrifos의 흡착특성에 관하여 분석하였다. 유기인계 농약 흡착시험 결과, 농약 흡착 등온식은 Freundlich 식이 잘 맞았다. Freundlich 상수 중 하나인 N은 모든 농약에서 1에 가까운 수치를 보였으나, 유기물 함량이 증가할수록 Freundlich 상수값인 N 값은 감소하였다. 또한 Freundlich식에서 흡착능을 나타내는 K값은 농약의 물에 대한 용해도가 감소할수록 증가하였으며, 토양에 슬러지를 첨가한 시료에서는(Soil-Sludge) 토양내 유기물 함량의 증가로 농약 흡착량은 슬러지가 첨가되지 않은 시료(A-Soil)에 비해 2∼4배 정도 증가하였다. 토양층을 모사한 토양 컬럼에서 농약의 용출 특성은 물에 대한 용해도가 큰 농약일수록 용출 비율은 증가하였다. 또한 토양에 슬러지가 첨가됨에 따라 토양내 유기물 함량 증가하면 토양에서 농약 흡착량이 증가되어 농약이 토양하층으로 침투가 억제, 농약의 용탈 정도가 감소하였다.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.34-41
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• 2003

Effects of additives and plating conditions of high speed electroplating were investigated. The Sn content in electrodeposit was highly decreased with increasing current density from $10A/dm^2$ to $50A/dm^2$, and the current efficiency on the cathode was decreased. The carbon content in the electrodeposit was decreased with increasing current density from $10A/dm^2$ to $30A/dm^2$, however the carbon content was highly increased in the range of $40A/dm^2$$∼50A/dm^2$. The formation of tetravalent tin and stannic oxide sludge was prevented by the addition of gallic acid in the bath. The changing of Sn content in the electrodeposit is caused by the addition of gallic acid.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.65-74
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• 2002

본 연구는 하수처리장에서 발생되는 슬러지를 열분해공정에 대한 운전특성을 연구하였다. 운전조건의 중요한 변수로는 열분해시간, 건조와 열분해 공정의 시간비율, 슬러지 함수율, 슬러지 고형물량(TS비율), 열분해 온도조건의 영향을 조사하였다. 슬러지 열분해 단계의 반응속도는 1차 반응으로 나타났다. 이 반응식은 슬러지 열분해반응의 메카니즘의 기초가 된다. 열분해 온도증가에 따라서 생산물은 오일 및 타르 변화가 일어났고, 열분해 가스화에 의해서 생산된 생성물의 조성도 변화가 일어났다. 열분해 온도변화에 따라서 주요 부산물인 가스와 탄소성분은 다르게 분포되어졌다. 생성가스 구성성분은 대부분이 $CH_4$, $C_2H_4$, $C_3H_8$, $C_4H_{10}$, toluene, $C_6H_6$, $SO_2$, CO와 타르로 구성되었다. 열분해 온도 $670^{\circ}C$의 조건에서는 $C_1-C_4$탄소계열의 가스 생성이 증가되어졌고, $600^{\circ}C$의 열분해 조건에서는 $C_1-C_4$탄소계열의 가스생성량은 감소하는 반면 톨루엔과 벤젠 성분을 가진 오일류 생성이 증가되었다. 특히 고형물의 산물인 타르는 $670^{\circ}C$일 때 슬러지 1t당 134kg으로 낮게 발생된 반면, 열분해온도가 $600^{\circ}C$일 때 134kg/t으로 생성량이 감소되었다. 타르는 분석결과 대부분이 탄소성분이었고, 슬러지의 열분해에서 가스로 생성되는 과정은 온도가 높은 경우 효과적임이 밝혀졌다.