• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제102권4호
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• pp.601-607
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• 2013

오존에 따른 피해 현상을 관찰해 보고 식물 수종에 따라 어떤 차이가 있는지 알아보기 위해서 소나무(Pinus densiflora)와 실내식물 가운데 많이 활용되는 스파티필름(Spathiphyllum patinii), 스킨답서스(Epipremnum aureum)의 항산화 효소인 GR(Glutathione Reductase), APX(Ascorbate peroxidase)의 활성, 광합성속도와 잎의 해부학적 피해 현상을 관찰하였다. 오존농도는 30 ppb로 유지했고, 50일 동안 하루 8시간(09:00~17:00) 오존을 처리한 후 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 오존 농도가 30 ppb정도의 낮은 농도에서 소나무는 광합성속도, 수분이용효율, 항산화 효소의 활성, 잎의 해부학적인 특성에서 대조구와 크게 다르지 않은 것을 알 수 있었다. 반면에 실내식물인 스파티필름과 스킨답서스의 광합성속도, 항산화 효소의 활성(특히, GR의 활성), 잎의 해부학적 특성이 대조구와 오존 처리구간의 상당한 차이를 보여, 오존에 대한 민감성이 소나무에 비해 큰 것으로 나타났다.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.259-271
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• 2015

This study conducted analyses on biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOC) emission sources contributing to urban ozone ($O_3$) concentration in Osaka Prefecture, Japan in summer 2010 by using the Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF) version 3.5.1 and the Community Multiscale Air Quality model (CMAQ) version 5.0.1. This prefecture is characterized by highly urbanized area with small forest area. The contributions of source regions surrounding Osaka were estimated by comparing the baseline case and zero-out cases for BVOC emissions from each source region. The zero-out emission runs showed that the BVOC emissions substantially contributed to urban $O_3$ concentration in Osaka (10.3 ppb: 15.9% of mean daily maximum 1-h $O_3$ concentration) with day-by-day variations of contributing source regions, which were qualitatively explained by backward trajectory analyses. Although $O_3$ concentrations were especially high on 23 July and 2 August 2010, the contribution of BVOC on 23 July (35.4 ppb: 25.6% of daily maximum $O_3$) was much larger than that on 2 August (20.9 ppb: 14.2% of daily maximum $O_3$). To investigate this difference, additional zero-out cases for anthropogenic VOC (AVOC) emissions from Osaka and for VOC emissions on the target days were performed. On 23 July, the urban $O_3$ concentration in Osaka was dominantly increased by the transport from the northwestern region outside Osaka with large contribution of $O_3$ that was produced through BVOC reactions by the day before and was retained over the nocturnal boundary layer. On 2 August, the concentration was dominantly increased by the local photochemical production inside Osaka under weak wind condition with the particularly large contribution of AVOC emitted from Osaka on the day.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.139-151
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to understand distributional characteristics in the atmospheric concentrations of $O_3$ and its precursors based on data taken at the southern Korean coast. The average $O_3$ concentration in the high altitude was found to range from 32.3 to 90.8 ppb with a maximum concentration of 132 ppb. The ambient $O_3$ concentration was high at altitudes of 1000 m and 500 m above the southern sea near Gwangyang Bay and an industrial area containing emission sources. The daily mean concentrations of $NO_y$ and CO were 6.7-24.2 ppb and 0.152-0.487 ppm, respectively. During the aerial measurement period, the highest mean concentration of $O_3$ was observed on June 1. The aerial measurement results showed that the maximum ozone concentration was observed to be 132 ppb in the high altitude the southernmost part of Yeosu. The measurement of vertical wind fields in the air indicated that $O_3$ formed in the southernmost part of Yeosu was transported by strong southwesterly winds to the northeast of Gwangyang Bay. This led to a ground $O_3$ concentration of over 100 ppb in Jinju, the northeastern part of Gwangyang Bay. On August 9, when the maximum $O_3$ concentration was 50 ppb, the measurement results showed that $O_3$ concentrations were relatively low compared to other days. In particular, low $NO_2$ and TVOC concentrations were observed, both of which serve to form $O_3$ in photochemical reactions.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.71-79
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• 1999

본 노문에서는 무성방전의 중첩을 이용한 새로운 방전형식의 고농도.소수율 다중방전형 오존발생기를 설계.제작하였다. 다중반전형 오존발생기(MDO)는 설치된 3개의 전극과 길이가 다른 2개의 방전간극에 $180[^{\circ}]$의 위상차를 가진 2개의 고류고전압 전원의 인가에 따라서 무성방전의 중첩에 의하여 오존생성특성이 각기 다른 3가지 형태의 중첩방전형 오존발생기(SDO)의 형태변화에 따른 방전특성과 오존생성특성을 연구한 결과, 최대 17185[ppm] 및 783[g/kwh]의 오존생성특성을 얻을 수 있었으며, 17185[ppm] 의 오존을 염색폐수에 접촉시켰을 때, 탈색특성이 우수하여 다중방전형 오존발생기가 수질환경개선 설비로 적용가능함을 확인하였다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.63-67
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• 2005

불포화 토양내에서 가스상 오존의 이동특성에 대한 토양수분과 Light non-aqueous phase liquid (LNAPL)의 영향을 알아보기 토양칼럼실험을 실시하였다 토양수분은 토양입자에 수막을 형성하여 가스상 오존과 토양입자의 직접적인 접촉을 방해하여 오존의 이동을 증가시키는 역할을 하였다. 토양수분이 증가할수록 불포화 토양내의 기-액 접촉면적 감소와 오존의 평균선형유속증가로 인해 오존의 이동속도가 증가하였다. LNAPL로 사용된 디젤유의 경우도 토양 표면에 막(Film)을 형성하여 가스상 오존의 이동을 증가시키는 역할을 하였다. 하지만, 토양 수분과는 반대로 디젤유 농도가 증가할수록 오존의 이동속도는 감소하였다. 토양수분과 LNAPL성분이 동시에 존재할 경우에는 토양입자에 Non-wetting유체로 작용하는 LNAPL에 의해 오존의 이동이 영향을 받는다는 것을 알 수 있었다

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.119-125
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• 2002

무성방전형 오존발생장치에서 고농도의 오존을 발생시키기 위해서는 방전공간의 온도를 낮게 유지시켜주는 것이 중요하다. 이때, 방전공간에서 발생된 열을 외부로 전달하기 위한 유전체장벽과 전극간의 접착물질과 접착방법은 전기적, 열적 관점에서 볼 때 방전에 큰 영향을 미치게 된다. 따라서 접착물질과 접착방법은 오존발생에 중요한 변수가 될 수 있다. 본 연구는 접착물질과 방법이 오존발생에 미치는 영향을 조사한 실험적인 결과이다. 접착물질의 종류로는 방열재료로 사용되는 실리콘 화합물질, 전기적인 도전성을 가지는 수지를 사용하였으며 이들의 물성변화를 위해 첨가물질로 차콜(charcoal)을 사용하였다. 결과적으로 접착물질(실리콘 화합물)이 사용되었을 때가 사용하지 않았을 때보다 같은 전압에서 많은 오존발생량을 보여주었다. 또한 접착물질이 사용되었을 때는 순수한 실리콘 화합물이 사용된 경우가 도전성을 가지는 접착물질이 사용되었을 때보다 많은 오존발생량을 보여주었다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.390-406
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• 2013

In Korea, photochemical air pollution has drawn public attention as one of the major environmental issues since 1990s. To abate ozone and air pollution, new legislation was enacted and regulation was reinforced in conjunction with basic researches. As a result, the air quality has been much improved in terms of primary pollutant such as CO and the occurrence of extremely high ozone concentration. In Seoul, on the other hand, concentrations of ozone and exeedance hours of its national standard have increased since 2005, which is intimately coupled with $NO_2$ variations. It indicates the need for further research at long-term bases to improve our understanding on complex processes determining ozone concentrations. In this paper, the characteristics of ozone variation was analyzed with 13-year measurement data obtained in Seoul. In addition, the previous studies and their main results were summarized that have been performed in association with photochemical air pollution in Korea over the last three decades.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.67-73
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• 1999

In order to increase the enzymatic activity of malt used as a source of traditional processing foods, the enzymatic activities of various barley were examined and the effects of ozone and light illumination treatment on the enzymatic activities of amylase, amylase, and glucanase in malt during man ufacture were also examined. Barley didn't show amylase activity prior to soaking, but the activity of barley increased quickly after soaking. Glutinous barley showed the highest amylase activity among Duru barley, Ol barley, two rowed barley and naked barley. Naked barley showed the lowest activity. The amylase activity was the highest in Duru barley and decreased in the order of in glutinous barley, naked barley and two rowed barley. It was showed that the enzymatic activity of malt was higher than that of control when malt was soaked for 24hr at the concentration of 0.3ppm of ozone. The enzymatic activity of malt treated with light illumination was higher than that of control. The bud and root of light illuminated malt was much stronger than that of control. The root of light illuminated malt was much shorter than that of control. In addition, light illuminated malt showed a little green color which matches the demand of consumer. These studies demonstrated that both ozone and light illumination treatment increased the enzymatic activity of malt to result in high quality of malt manufacture.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제19권12호
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• pp.1431-1445
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• 2010

In order to clarify the impact of regional warming on the meteorological field and air quality over southeastern part of Korean Peninsula, several numerical experiment were carried out. Numerical models used in this study are WRF for the estimate the meteorological elements and CMAQ for assessment of ozone concentration. According to the global warming impact, initial air temperature were changed and its warming rate reach at 2 degree which was based on the global warming scenarios provided by IPCC. The experiments considering the global warming at initial stage were presented as case T_UP. Air temperature over inland area during night time for case T_UP is higher than that for Base case. During time since the higher temperature over inland area is maintained during daytime more intensified sea breeze should be induced and also decrease the air temperature in vicinity of coast area. In case of T_UP, high level concentrations ozone distribution area was narrowed and their disappearance were faster after 1800LST. As a results, wind and temperature fields due to the global warming at initial stage mainly results in the pattern of ozone concentration and its temporal variation at South-Eastern Part of the Korean Peninsula.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.609-626
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• 2013

Air quality models have been widely used to study and simulate many air quality issues. In the simulation, it is important to raise the accuracy of meteorological predicted data because the results of air quality modeling is deeply connected with meteorological fields. Therefore in this study, we analyzed the effects of meteorological fields on the air quality simulation. This study was designed to evaluate MM5 predictions by using different initial condition data and different observations utilized in the data assimilation. Among meteorological scenarios according to these input data, the results of meteorological simulation using National Centers for Environmental Prediction (Final) Operational Global Analysis data were in closer agreement with the observations and resulted in better prediction on ozone concentration. And in Seoul, observations from Regional Meteorological Office for data assimilations of MM5 were suitable to predict ozone concentration. In other areas, data assimilation using both observations from Regional Meteorological Office and Automatical Weather System provided valid method to simulate the trends of meteorological fields and ozone concentrations. However, it is necessary to vertify the accuracy of AWS data in advance because slightly overestimated wind speed used in the data assimilation with AWS data could result in underestimation of high ozone concentrations.