• 설비공학논문집
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.463-472
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• 1996

Experiments were carried out to study the operation characteristics of a regenerator with a thermo-syphon pump and a surface-flame burner for a lithium bromide (LiBr)-water absorption heat pump. A cylindrical-shape metal-fiber burner and commercial grade propane were used. The emission of carbon monoxide and nitric oxide was measured by a combustion gas analyzer. Ther regeneration rate of water vapor as a refrigerant was measured. It could be as a reference value showing the performance of the regenerator. The circulation rate of the LiBr-water solution was also measured from both the tanks for the weak-and the strong-solution. Using a refractometer, the LiBr concetration in the solution was calculated from the measured refractory index of the solution. Temperature of the solution and the condensed water was recorded at several points in the experimental apparatus with thermocouples, using a personal computer. This data collecting system for measuring temperature was calibrated with a set of standard thermometers. The generating rate of water vapor as refrigerant increased linearly with heat supplied. It was about 4.0g/s with the heat supplied at a rate of 16,500kcal/h. The circulation rate of LiBr solution also increases with the heat supplied. The difference in LiBr concentrations between the weak and the strong solution was in the range of 1 to 5% when the concentration of the strong solution was about 60%. It was dependent upon both the heat supplied and the circulation rate of the solution. The initial concentration and the level of the LiBr solution in the regenerator were measured and recorded before experiments. The effect of them on the generating rate of water vapor and the circulation rate of the solution was also studied. The generating rate of water vapor was not strongly dependent upon both the level of the LiBr solution and the initial LiBr concentration. However, the concentration difference of the solution increases with the initial level of the LiBr solution.

• Current Applied Physics
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• 제18권12호
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• pp.1540-1545
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• 2018

SiGe alloy is widely used thermoelectric materials for high temperature thermoelectric generator applications. However, its high thermoelectric performance has been thus far realized only in alloys synthesized employing mechanical alloying techniques, which are time-consuming and employ several materials processing steps. In the current study, for the first time, we report an enhanced thermoelectric figure-of-merit (ZT) ~ 1.1 at $900^{\circ}C$ in ntype $Si_{80}Ge_{20}$ nano-alloys, synthesized using a facile and up-scalable methodology consisting of rapid solidification at high optimized cooling rate ${\sim}3.4{\times}10^7K/s$, employing melt spinning followed by spark plasma sintering of the resulting nano-crystalline melt-spun ribbons. This enhancement in ZT > 20% over its bulk counterpart, owes its origin to the nano-crystalline microstructure formed at high cooling rates, which results in crystallite size ~7 nm leading to high density of grain boundaries, which scatter heat-carrying phonons. This abundant scattering resulted in a very low thermal conductivity ${\sim}2.1Wm^{-1}K^{-1}$, which corresponds to ~50% reduction over its bulk counterpart and is amongst the lowest reported thus far in n-type SiGe alloys. The synthesized samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, based on which the enhancement in their thermoelectric performance has been discussed.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.221-227
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• 2016

풍력발전기에서 메인 샤프트는 로터허브와 증속기를 연결하는 중요 부품 중 하나이며 주로 자유단조공법을 통하여 제조된다. 하지만 고 MW급 이상의 메인샤프트는 중량을 감소시키기 위하여 중공형 설계가 이루어지며 주조공법을 이용하여 제조되고 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 중공형 메인샤프트를 단조공법을 이용하여 생산할 수 있는 제조공정을 개발하는 것이다. 자유단조 공법의 공정설계 방법에 따라 중실형과 중공형 메인샤프트를 제조하기 위한 단조공정을 각각 설계하였다. 설계된 공정의 성형가능성을 확인하기 위하여 온도, 변형률 속도에 따른 유동응력을 열간압축실험을 통하여 구한 후 유한요소해석을 수행하였다. 유한요소해석을 통하여 단조업계에서 통상 행해지는 중실형 단조공법의 온도 및 변형률 등의 관리인자와 제안된 중공형단조공법의 인자를 비교하여 성형가능성을 예측하였다. 시제품 제작을 통하여 중공형 형상을 원소재회수율, 내부품질, 형상 및 치수 등에서 높은 생산성으로 제조가 가능함을 확인하였다.

• 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.19-26
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• 2005

The process optimization of ozone concentration and half life time was investigated in ultra pure water and alkaline solutions for the wet cleaning of silicon wafer surface at room temperature. In the ultra pure water,. the maximum concentration (35 ppm) of ozone was measured at oxygen flow rate of 3 liters/min and ozone generator power over 60%. The half life time of ozone increased at lower power of ozone generator. Additive gases such as $N_2$ and $CO_2$ were added to increase the concentration and half life time of ozone. Although the maximum ozone concentration was higher with the addition of $N_2$ gas, a longer half life time was observed with the addition of $CO_2$. When $NH_4OH$ of 0.05 or 0.10 vol% was added in DI water, the pH of the solution was around 10. The addition of ozone resulted in the half life time less than 1 min. In order to maintain high pH and ozone concentration, ozone was continuously supplied in 0.05 vol% ammonia solutions. 3 ppm of ozone was dissolved in ammonia solutions. The static contact angle of silicon wafer surface became hydrophilic. The particle removal was possible alkaline ozone solutions. The organic contamination can be removed by ozonated ultra pure water and then alkaline solution containing ozone can remove the particles on silicon surface at room temperature.

• 비파괴검사학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.69-76
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• 2006

차세대 원자로로 부각되고 있는 고온가스로에서는 윈자로에서는 고온 안정성 및 핵분열생성물 차단 성능이 우수한 TRISO(tri-isotropic) 핵연료를 사용하고 있다. TRISO 핵연료 입자는 직경이 약 1mm인 구 형태로 입자의 중심에는 직경 0.5mm의 핵연료 커널(kernel)이 포함되며 커널 외곽을 코팅 층이 에워싸고 있다. 이 코팅 층은 완충(buffer) PyC(pyrolytic carbon)층, 내부 PyC층, SiC층, 그리고 외부 PyC층으로 구성되어 있다. 각 코팅 층의 두께는 수십-백${\mu}m$ 범위이고 사양으로 정해져 있으며, 본 연구에서는 각 코팅 층의 두께를 비파괴적으로 측정하기 위하여 마이크로포커스 X-선 발생장치와 고해상도 X-선 평판(flat panel) 검출기초 구성된 정밀한 X-선 래디오그래피 장치를 개발하였다. 개발된 마이크로 X-선 래디오그래피 장치를 이용하여 $UO_2$ 핵물질 $ZrO_2$를 커널로 사용한 모의 TRISO 핵연료 입사에 대한 투과 영상을 획득한 후 디지털 영상처리 기술을 이용하여 코팅 층 사이의 경계선이 구분 가능하도록 영상을 개선하고 디지털 영상처리 알고리듬을 개발하여 코팅 층의 두께를 파동으로 측정하였다.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회B
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• pp.2524-2527
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• 2007

Solid propellant gas generators (SPGG) play a role as a turbopump starter in liquid propellant propulsion systems by supplying pressurized gas to power turbines for engine start. For such a purpose, the propellants should burn with a relative low flame temperature and the combustion gas should not contain corrosive constituents such as chlorine compounds. In accordance with these requirements, stabilized AN-based propellants have been usually used as the most appropriate oxidizer for propellant compositions. However, the burning area of the propellant intends to increase to satisfy the required mass flux because of its low burning rate. Consequently the burning area incensement brings on the SPGG size augmentation. A flow restriction such as filters is applied to decrease the SPGG size by rising up the combustion pressure resulting in increasing the burning rate. The feasibility of the size reduction of SPGG by the employment of filters have been studied. The preliminary results of this study show that the considerable reduction of SPGG size would be achievable just by installing a filter with relatively high pressure loss coefficient.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.136-142
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• 2012

터보팽창기를 이용한 폐압발전에서 전력생산량과 온도의 산출식의 열역학적 유도과정을 제시하였고, 전력생산량은 압력차가 아니라 압력비가 주요변수임을 밝혔다. 천연가스 폐압발전 인입부의 고압가스는 전기에너지(비용) 투입이 거의 없이 무상으로 얻어지는 에너지라는 사실을 보임으로써, 폐압이 지금까지는 별로 주목받지 못하였지만 새로운 청정에너지원 중의 하나임을 밝혔다. 공급가스 온도 보상을 위한 방법으로 팽창 후의 heating 방식을 택한다면, 전력생산과 더불어 냉열을 이용할 수 있고, 냉열이용량 만큼 heating 에너지를 줄일 수 있으므로 경제성을 배가시킬 수 있다.

• 한국초전도ㆍ저온공학회논문지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.13-19
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• 2020

This study presents the experiment and simulation results on the magnetic field response and electrical stability behaviors of no-insulation (NI) and metal insulation with stainless steel tape (MI-SS) which wound in form of racetrack type coils. First of all, the structural design of the racetrack type bobbin was shown along with its parameters. Then, the current-voltage tests were carried out to measure the critical current of both test coils. Also, the sudden discharging and charging tests were performed in the steady state to estimate the decay field time and magnetic field response, respectively. Finally, the overcurrent tests were conducted in the transient state to investigate the electrical stability of these test coils. Based on the experimental results, the contact surface resistances were calculated and applied to the field coils (FCs) of 10-MW-class second generation high temperature superconducting generator (2G HTSG) used in wind offshore environment. The charging delay time and electrical stability for NI and MI-SS HTS FCs of 10-MW-class 2G HTSG are analyzed by the equivalent circuit model and the key parameters which were obtained from the electromagnetic finite element analysis results.

• International Journal of Safety
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.18-23
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• 2005

There are many electrical connections in the electric apparatus and most fires due to a fault contact result from a failure or misuse of electric apparatus and installation. The fault contact happens between electrical connections by the loose and the mechanical vibration. In this paper, we have investigated thermal and electrical properties of screwed electric contacts due to the mechanical vibration. The exciter was connected to a signal generator and power amplifier that provided the vibration frequency and amplitude. The vibration, temperature and voltage data were sent to a data acquisition system (DAQ). In the case that fault contact took place, the arc happened between the screwed electric contact and electric wire, heat due to the arc was transmitted to the adjacent insulators, for which the oxide could be generated more. In addition, a spark was generated and the insulator began to melt. Thus, the possibility of electrical fire became the highest in this case. Finally, when the fault contact takes place due to vibration, the hazard of an electric accident is very high.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.545-550
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• 2015

High Temperature Superconducting (HTS) synchronous generators can be designed with either an air-core type or iron-core type. The air-core type has higher efficiency under rated rotating speed and load than the iron-core type because of the iron losses which may produce much heat. However, the total length of HTS wire in the air-core type is longer than the iron-core type because the generated magnetic flux density of the air-core type is low. This paper deals with designs of 10 MW air-core and iron-core HTS wind power generators for wind turbines. Fully air-core, partially iron-core, and fully iron-core HTS generators are designed, and various stator winding methods in the three HTS generators are also considered, such as short-pitch concentrated winding, full-pitch concentrated winding, short-pitch distributed winding, and full-pitch distributed winding. These HTS generators are analyzed using a 3D finite elements method program. The analysis results of the HTS generators are discussed in detail, and the results will be effectively utilized for large-scale wind power generation systems.