• 지질공학
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.1-20
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• 2004

본 연구는 2000년 시드니올림픽사이트의 해안가를 따라 인위적인 매립으로 인한 지하수 내 수리화학적인 특징을 규명하는데 그 목적이 있다. 올림픽게임지역을 3개의 지역, 즉 간척지역(reclaimed area, 과거에는 강구하였으나 폐기물로 매립되어 있으며 현재는 조수간만 보다 높은 지역), 매립지역(landfill area, 해수면 위에 폐기물을 매립한 지역), 그리고 자연 상태지역(non-infilled area, 폐기물의 매립이 전혀 없었던 지역))으로 나누어 조사하였다. 또한 시추공 심도별로 심부시추공, 천부시추공 및 스텐드파이프로 구분하여 상대적인 농도들의 거동을 상오 비교하였다. 그 결과 간척지역 내 지하수는 Na, K 그리고 Mg 이온이 지배적이지만 매립지역은 Na 그리고 K가 지배적인 이온이다. 또한 간척지역 및 자연 상태지역의 지하수는 Mg 및 Ca 농축이 특징이지만, 매립지역은 K 및 $NO_3$의 농축이 특징이다. 그러나 시추공심도 별로 살펴보면 심부시추공 지하수는 Na와 Mg가 지배적이지만 천부시추공 및 스텐드파이프 지하수는 Na와 K가 지배적인 원소로 나타났다. 간척지역, 매립지역 그리고 자연 상태지역 지하수 내 전기전도도와 중금속 농도와는 명확한 상관관계를 보여 주지 않는다. 간척지역 및 자연 상태지역과 비교 시 매립지역 지하수의 Fe 및 Mn의 농도는 pH가 감소함에 따라 현저히 증가하는 양상을 보여준다. 심부시추공과 천부시추공 지하수 내 평균 전기전도도 값은 스텐드파이프보다 높지만 스텐드파이프 지하수 내 전기전도도 값의 최대 및 최소 값은 현저한 차이를 보이는데 이는 국부적인 공동의 영향으로 사료된다. 심부시추공, 천부시추공, 그리고 스텐드파이프 지하수 내 pH 대비 중금속(Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr) 농도사이의 상관관계는 없었지만 이들 지하수 내 Fe와 Mn은 pH가 감소하면 농도가 증가하는 양상을 보여준다. 지하수 내 농축된 중금속 농도는 매립된 폐기물의 성상과 밀접한 관계를 보이며 해안가를 따라 매립되어 있는 지역의 토양 내 중금속의 용출은 주변 환경에 대한 잠재적인 환경위험을 결정 시 중요한 역할을 한다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제66권1호
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• pp.18-28
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• 2021

남부지역 논에서 식량작물을 최대로 생산하기 위해 밀양시 국립식량과학원 시험포장에서 2015~2018년의 4년 동안 겨울밀-벼, 겨울밀-콩 및 겨울밀-곡실용옥수수의 이모작 체계의 생육기간 및 생산성을 비교하였다. 밀의 수확적기는 6월 중순으로 하작물은 6월 하순에 파종(이앙)이 가능하였다. 벼의 6월 하순 이앙 시 안전출수와 벼의 수량성 확보에는 지장이 없었지만 가을에 성숙기가 늦어 뒷그루 밀 파종에는 지장이 많았으며, 특히 중만생종 벼의 경우 수확기가 11월 상순으로 늦추어져 밀의 적기파종이 어려웠다. 콩은 6월 하순이 파종적기이므로 작기상 큰 문제가 없었으며 성숙기도 10월 중순으로 11월 상순의밀 파종에 큰 무리가 없었다. 곡실용옥수수는 6월 하순 파종 시 성숙기가 가장 빨라 밀과의 이모작에서 작기상 가장 유리하였다. 겨울밀-하작물 이모작에서 밀은 콩과 곡실용옥수수 후작에서는 안정적인 수량성을 얻을 수 있었지만 벼의 후작에서는 강우가 많은 해에는 수량이 감소할 위험성이 있었다. 벼, 콩, 곡실용옥수수의 수량성은 각각 600, 350, 800 kg/10a로 높은 수량성 확보가 가능하였고 중생종과 중만생종간의 수량성에 큰 차이를 보이지 않아 중생종이 만생종보다 이모작에 유리하였다. 토양 물리성에서도 콩과 옥수수 등 밭작물의 도입 시 물리성이 좋아지는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 남부지역 논에서 밀-콩/곡실용옥수수 이모작은 작기 연결성 및 토양개선, 소득성(콩)에서 밀-벼 이모작보다 우수한 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제15권7호
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• pp.4404-4415
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• 2014

본 연구는 종합 병원 간호사들의 직무만족도와 이직의도와의 관련성을 규명하고자 경북지역의 3개 종합병원에 근무하고 있는 간호사 312명을 대상으로 2013년 2월 25일부터 3월 16일까지의 기간 동안에 구조화된 자기기입식 설문지(self-administered questionnaire)를 사용한 설문조사를 실시하였다. 연구결과, 조사대상 간호사들의 이직의도는 직무만족도 및 직무만족도하위영역인 전문직업적 수준, 업무의 자율성, 행정업무력, 보수, 직무과업과 유의한 음의 상관관계를 보였다. 로지스틱 회귀분석 결과 직무만족도 총 점수가 높은 군보다 낮은 군에서, 업무자율성이 높은 군보다 낮은 군에서, 행정업무력이 높은 군보다 낮은 군에서, 보수가 높은 군보다 낮은 군에서 고위험 이직의도 군에 속할 위험비가 유의하게 증가하였다. 위계적 다중회귀분석 결과, 이직의도에 영향을 미치는 요인으로는 학력, 수면의 질, 근무경력, 직위, 월수입, 업무 만족도, 업무에 대한 적성여부, 간호직 선택동기 및 업무의 육체적 부담정도, 직무 만족도가 유의한 변수로 선정되었다. 이상과 같은 결과를 볼 때, 조사대상 간호사들의 직무만족도와 이직의도 간에는 유의한 음의 상관관계가 있어, 직무만족도가 낮을수록 이직의도는 높아지는 경향을 보였으며, 직업관련 특성과 직무만족도 변수가 이직의도에 크게 영향을 미치고 있음을 알 수 있다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.2159-2165
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• 2013

Cancer registries help to establish and maintain cancer incidence reporting system, serve as a resource for investigation of cancer and its causes, and provide information for planning and evaluation of preventive and control programs. However, their wider role in directly enhancing oncology drug access has not been fully explored. We examined the value of cancer registries in oncology drug access in the Asia-Pacific region on three levels: (1) specific registry variable types; (2) macroscopic strategies on the national level; and (3) a regional cancer registry network. Using literature search and proceedings from an expert forum, this paper covers recent cancer registry developments in eight economies in the Asia-Pacific region - Australia, China, Hong Kong, Malaysia, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, and Thailand - and the ways they can contribute to oncology drug access. Specific registry variables relating to demographics, tumor characteristics, initial treatment plans, prognostic markers, risk factors, and mortality help to anticipate drug needs, identify high-priority research area and design access programs. On a national level, linking registry data with clinical, drug safety, financial, or drug utilization databases allows analyses of associations between utilization and outcomes. Concurrent efforts should also be channeled into developing and implementing data integrity and stewardship policies, and providing clear avenues to make data available. Less mature registry systems can employ modeling techniques and ad-hoc surveys while increasing coverage. Beyond local settings, a cancer registry network for the Asia-Pacific region would offer cross-learning and research opportunities that can exert leverage through the experiences and capabilities of a highly diverse region.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.135-145
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• 2013

The recycling of coal bottom ash generated from coal power plants in Korea has been limited due to heterogenous characteristics of the materials. The most common management option for the ash is disposal in landfills (i.e. ash pond) near ocean. The presence of large coarse and fine materials in the ash has prompted the desire to beneficially use it in an application such as fill materials. Prior to reuse application as fill materials, the potential risks to the environment must be assessed with regard to the impacts. In this study, a total of nine test cells with bottom ash samples collected from pretreated bottom ash piles and coal ash pond in a coal-fired power plant were constructed and operated under the field conditions to evaluate the leachability over a period of 210 days. Leachate samples from the test cells were analyzed for a number of chemical parameters (e.g., pH, salinity, electrical conductance, anions, and metals). The concentrations of chemicals detected in the leachate were compared to appropriate standards (drinking water standard) with dilution attenuation factor, if possible, to assess potential leaching risks to the surrounding area. Based on the leachate analysis, most of the samples showed slightly high pH values for the coal ash contained test cells, and contained several ions such as sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, chloride, sulfate, and nitrate in relatively large quantities. Three elements (aluminum, boron, and barium) were commonly detected above their respective detection limits in a number of leachate samples, especially in the early leaching period of time. The results of the test cell study indicate that the pollutants in the leachate from the coal ash test cells were not of a major concern in terms of leaching risk to surface water and groundwater under field conditions as fill materials. However, care must be taken in extending these results to actual applications because the results presented in this study are based on the limited field test settings and time frame. Structural characteristics and analysis for coal bottom ash may be warranted to apply the materials to actual field conditions.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권16호
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• pp.7211-7217
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• 2015

Background: The aims of this study were to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic roles of serum osteopontin (OPN) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the OPN promoter in patients with hepatitis B-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Materials and Methods: Four groups were studied, which included 157 patients with HCC, 73 with liver cirrhosis (LC) and 97 with chronic hepatitis (CH), along with 80 healthy subjects. Serum OPN and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels were measured. The SNPs -66 T/G, -156 G/${\Delta}G$ and -433 C/T within the OPN promoter were determined by direct sequencing. Results: Serum OPN levels were significantly higher in patients with HCC than in the other groups. Area under receiver operating characteristics curves in distinguishing HCC from chronic liver disease (CLD; CH and LC) were 0.782 (95% CI; 0.729-0.834) for OPN and 0.888 (95% CI; 0.850-0.927) for AFP. Using the optimal cut-off value (70 ng/mL), OPN had sensitivity and specificity of 72% and 71%, respectively. Serum OPN was superior to AFP in detecting early-stage HCC (68% vs. 46%). A combination of both markers yielded an improved sensitivity for detecting early HCC to 82%. A high OPN level was significantly correlated with advanced BCLC stage and was an independent prognostic factor for HCC. The SNPs -156 and -443 were associated with susceptibility to HCC, but were not related to overall survival. Conclusions: Serum OPN is a useful diagnostic and prognostic marker for HCC. The combined use of serum OPN and AFP improved the diagnosis of early HCC. Genetic variation in the OPN promoter is associated with the risk, but not the prognosis of HCC.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.39-52
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• 2015

Objectives: Residents of a single room occupancy (Jjok-bang) in Seoul are at high risk of having mental health issues. The majority of residents live in single households with past traumatic experiences including self-deprivation and social exclusion. This study was to investigate the association between mental health and socio-ecological factors at the intrapersonal and community levels. Methods: We conducted face-to-face surveys in Dongja-dong Jjok-bang area in June, 2014. Of 78 participants, 76% were male and the mean age was 60 years (SD=11.53). A multiple regression was used to analyze the association among depression, a sense of well-being, socio-ecological factors, and perceived empowerment and community solidarity. Results: Perceived empowerment (${\beta}=0.83$; 95% CI=0.40, 1.26) and community solidarity (${\beta}=0.52$; 95% CI=0.04, 1.01) were positively associated with a sense of well-being. Participants with empowerment (${\beta}=-2.55$; 95% CI=-4.86, -0.23) and those with community solidarity (${\beta}=-2.36$; 95% CI=-4.94, 0.21) were negatively associated with being depressed. Conclusion: Mental health of the residents in Jjok-bang was more influenced by empowerment and community solidarity than socio-demographic factors. It is necessary to improve public health infrastructures that can enable the residents to enhance empowerment and community solidarity utilizing socio-ecological perspectives.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.296-313
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• 1982

At a time when world population and food supply are in a delicate balance, it is essential that we look at factors to improve this balance. We can alter the environment to better fit the plant's needs, or we can alter the plant to better fit the environment. Improved technology has allowed us to increase the yield level. For moderately detrimental weather events technology has generally decreased the yield variation, yet for major weather disasters the variation has increased. We have raised the upper level, but zero is still the bottom level. As we concentrate the production of particular crops into limited areas where the environment is closest to optimum, we may be increasing the risk of a major weather related disaster. We need to evaluate the degree of variability of different crops, and how weather and technology can interact to affect it. The natural limits of crop production are imposed by important ecological factors. Production is a function of the climate, the soil, and the crop and all activities related to them. In looking at the environment of a crop we must recognize these are individuals, populations and ecosystems. Under intensive agriculture we try to limit the competition to one desired species. The environment is made up of a complex of factors; radiation, moisture, temperature and wind, among others. Plant response to the environment is due to the interaction of all of these factors, yet in attempting to understand them we often examine each factor individually. Variation in crop yields is primarily a function of limiting environmental parameters. Various weather parameters will be discussed, with emphasis placed on how they impact on crop production. Although solar radiation is a driving force in crop production, it often shows little relationship to yield variation. Water may enter into crop production as both a limiting and excessive factor. The effects of moisture deficiency have received much more attention than moisture excess. In many areas of the world, a very significant portion of yield variation is due to variation in the moisture factor. Temperature imposes limits on where crops can be grown, and the type of crop that can be grown in an area. High temperature effects are often combined with deficient moisture effects. Cool temperatures determine the limits in which crops can be grown. Growing degree units, or heat accumulations, have often been used as a means of explaining many temperature effects. Methods for explaining chilling effects are more limited.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.411-424
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• 2013

${\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}$고속도로 건설현장 ${\bigcirc}$공구에 분포하는 암석에 대하여 산성배수 발생개연성을 평가하고 피해 저감대책을 검토하였다. 고속도로건설구간의 지반은 이천리층에 해당하는 사암과 중성내지 산성 화산암으로 구성되어 있으며 이들은 주변의 화강암관입에 수반된 열수 용액에 의해 황화광물을 산점상으로 함유하고 있다. 황화광물의 함량이 높은 화산암과 사암은 산성배수 발생개연성이 높고 중금속(Zn, Pb, As)을 많이 함유한 산성배수가 주변지역으로 유출되어 환경오염을 유발할 개연성이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 건설공사과정중 산성배수가 발생될 개연성이 높은 구역에서 배출되는 배수는 중화 및 중금속 제거처리 후 배수가 이루어져야 하며, 절취면의 안정성 확보를 위하여 산성배수의 발생을 근원적으로 억제할 수 있는 코팅처리기술을 적용한 후 숏크리트, 앵커 등 사면보강공법이 적용되어야 할 것으로 판단된다. 화산암과 사암은 골재로서 활용이 어려우며 지반성토재로 사용할 경우 지하수와 우수의 접촉을 최소화할 수 있는 성토층의 구조를 갖춘 후 활용하여야 한다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.712-716
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• 2010

Purpose: Extensive lumbosacral defects after removal of spinal tumors have a high risk of wound healing problems. Therefore it is an effective reconstructive strategy to provide preemptive soft tissue coverage at the time of initial spinal surgery, especially when there is an instrument exposure. For soft tissue reconstruction of a lumbosacral defect, a variation of the gluteal flap is the first-line choice. However, the musculocutaneous flap or muscle flap that is conventionally used, has many disadvantages. It damages gluteus muscle and causes functional disturbance in ambulation, has a short pedicle which limits areas of coverage, and can damage perforators, limiting further surgery that is usually necessary in spinal tumor patients. In this article, we present the superior gluteal artery perforator turn-over flap that reconstructs complex lumbosacral defects successfully, especially one that has instrument exposure, without damaging the ambulatory function of the patient. Methods: A 67 year old man presented with sacral sarcoma. Sacralectomy with L5 corpectomy was performed and resulted in a $15{\times}8\;cm$ sized complex soft tissue defect in the lumbosacral area. There was no defect in the skin. Sacral stabilization with alloplastic fibular bone graft and reconstruction plate was done and the instruments were exposed through the wound. A $18{\times}8\;cm$ sized superior gluteal artery perforator flap was designed based on the superior gluteal artery perforator and deepithelized. It was turned over 180 degrees into the lumbosacral dead space. Soft tissue from both sides of the wound was approximated over the flap and this provided in double padding over the instrument. Results: No complications such as hematoma, flap necrosis, or infection occurred. Until three months after the resection, functional disturbances in walking were not observed. The postoperative magnetic resonance imaging scan shows the flap volume was well maintained over the instrument. Conclusion: This superior gluteal artery perforator turn-over flap, a modification of the conventional superior gluteal artery perforator flap, is a simple method that enabled the successful reconstruction of a lumbosacral defect with instrument exposure without affecting ambulatory function.