• 한국재료학회지
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.382-387
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• 2005

Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) surface was irradiated and became superhydrophilic by low energy (180 eV) and high flux $(\~10^{15}/cm{\cdot}s)$ ion beam. As an ion source, a closed electron Hall drift thruster of $\phi=70mm$ outer channel size without grid was adopted. Ar, $O_2$ and $N_2O$ were used for source gases. When $N_2O^+$ and $O_2^+$ reactive gas ion beam were irradiated with the ion fluence of $5\times10^{15}/cm^2$, the wetting angle for deionized water was drastically dropped from $61^{\circ}\;to\;4^{\circ}\;and\;2^{\circ}$, respectively. Surface energy was also increased up to from 44 mN/m to 81 mN/m. Change of chemical component in PVDF surface was analyzed by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Such a great increase of the surface energy was intimately related with the increase of hydrophilic group component in reactive ion irradiated PVDF surfaces. By using an atomic force microscopy, the root-mean-square of surface roughness of ion irradiated PVDF was not much altered compared to that of pristine PVDF.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제50권6호
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• pp.465-472
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• 2017

The ingot fabrication conditions related with the thermal shock bearing phase and microstructure have investigated for the rare earth zirconate ceramic material, lanthanum gadolinium zirconate, as a thermal barrier coating using electron beam evaporation method. The thermal shock resistance of the prepared ingot was evaluated by high energy electron beam irradiation. The rare earth zirconate ceramic powder was prepared by controlling the raw material powder composition of $La_2O_3$, $Gd_2O_3$ and $ZrO_2$ so as to have a composition of $(La_{0.3}Gd_{0.7})_2Zr_2O_7$ which was selected from the former study. Ingot samples were prepared under two conditions. The first condition is prepared by sintering the prepared powder mixture to form an ingot. The second condition is prepared by calcining the prepared powder mixture to form a composite phase and then sintering to form an ingot. X-ray diffraction(XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscope(SEM) were used to analyze phase forming behavior and microstructure of ingot samples. Nanoindentation method used to obtain elastic modulus and hardness of each ingot specimen. Also the stress distribution of ingot was simulated by using FEM method assuming the ingot surface was exposed to electron beam. As a results, in the case of an ingot having a network-shaped microstructure in which relatively coarse pores are included, it seems that the thermal shock resistance was higher than in the case of an ingot having a microstructure composed of relatively fine grains only or particles with the similar level size when the high energy electron beam irradiation.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.88-98
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• 1997

Welding defects, such as porosity and spike, have sometimes occurred in deep penetration electron beam welds. These defects are known to be one of the serious problem in electron beam welds. So, effects of active parameters ($a_b$) on bead shape and occurrence of defects in electron beam welds of heavy section 9%Ni steel plates were investigated. Partial penetration welding in flat position, and deep penetration welding of 10 ~ 28mm depth were investigated in this study. It is desirable to select low accelerating voltage and above the surface focus position $a_b$$\geq$1.2 at which a wine-cup shaped bead is obtained to avoid the welding defects such as spike and root porosity. When the accelerating voltage of electron beam was low (90kV), active parameter ($a_b$) did not influence on the bead width, penetration depth and weld defects significantly. However, in case of high voltage ($\geq$120kV), active parameter ($a_b$) was sensitively associated with penetraton depth and weld defects, i.e. when the active parameter (($a_b$) was in the range of 0.6 to 1.0, the depth of penetration was always over the target (23mm), while the depth of penetration was dramatically decreased with further increase of active parameter ($a_b$). The weld defects were decreased with the increase of active parameter $a_b$ resulting in the decrease of energy density of the focused beam in the root part of fusion zone.

• 한국공작기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국공작기계학회 2004년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.494-499
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• 2004

A ion source using inductively coupled plasma has been tested in order to test its feasibility as a high brightness ion source for focused ion beam. When operating the ion source with filter magentas in front of plasma electrode for a negative ion source, lower remittances are expected. Extracted beam remittances are measured with an Allison-type scanning device for various plasma parameters and extraction conditions. The normalized omittance has been measured to be around 0.2$\pi$mmmrad with beam currents of up to 0.55 ㎃. In particular, noting that multicusp magnets have a role in decreasing the remittance as well as increasing plasma discharge efficiency, transverse magnetic field has been confirmed to be a useful tool fur decreasing remittance via electron energy control.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.52-58
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 유리선량계를 이용하여 전자선 치료빔의 선량평가 이용 가능성을 판단하고자 하였다. GD-302M 유리선량계에 선형가속기를 이용한 전자선과 $^{60}Co$ 방사선조사기로부터 감마선을 조사하였다. 유리선량계의 전자선에서의 선량 선형성, 재현성, 방향성, 선량률의존성, 에너지의존성의 총 5개 항목에 대해서 평가를 하였다. 측정은 물팬톰 $40{\times}40{\times}40cm^3$을 이용하여 유리선량계의 흡수선량을 측정하였다. 명목상 전자선에너지 6, 9, 12, 16, 20 MeV에서의 선량 1 Gy부터 15 Gy까지 유리선량계의 반응도를 평가해 본 결과 5개 전자선 에너지에서 같은 $R^2$=0.999의 선형계수를 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 5개의 에너지에서 총 100개의 유리선량계를 판독한 결과, 재현성은 5개 전자선에너지 평균 ${\pm}1.2%$ (1SD) 이내에서 잘 일치함을 확인할 수 있었다. 유리선량계의 방향성은 유리선량계의 수직방향인 $90^{\circ}$를 기준으로 하였을때 $0^{\circ}$에서 $90^{\circ}$사이에서 빔방향에 따라 1.5% 이내의 차이를 나타내었다. 선량률의존성은 500 MU/min을 기준으로 200 MU/min에서 1,000 MU/min 사이에서 ${\pm}1.5%$의 차이를 나타내었다. 유리선량계의 에너지 의존성은 원통형 전리함으로 측정한 선량과 비교했을때 5개의 명목상 전자선에너지(6 MeV에서 20 MeV) 각각에 대해 $^{60}Co$ 감마선의 반응도로 일반화시킨 결과 1.1%에서 3.5% 사이에서 낮은값을 나타내었다. 본 연구결과를 통하여 측정환경에 따라 결과값을 적절히 환산인자로 활용한다면 유리선량계를 이용한 전자선치료빔 선량평가가 가능하리라 사료된다.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.361-369
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• 2005

InP(100) crystal surface was irradiated by ion beams with low energy $(180\~225\;eV)$ and high flux $(\~10^{15}/cm^2/s)$, Self-organization process induced by ion beam was investigated by examining nano structures formed during ion beam sputtering. As an ion source, an electrostatic closed electron Hall drift thruster with a broad beam size was used. While the incident angle $(\theta)$, ion flux (J), and ion fluence $(\phi)$ were changed and InP crystal was rotated, cone-like, ripple, and anistropic nanostrucuture formed on the surface were analyzed by an atomic force microscope. The wavelength of the ripple is about 40 nm smaller than ever reported values and depends on the ion flux as $\lambda{\propto}J^{-1/2}$, which is coincident with the B-H model. As the incident angle is varied, the root mean square of the surface roughness slightly increases up to the critical angle but suddenly decreases due to the decrease of sputtering yield. By the rotation of the sample, the formation of nano dots with the size of $95\~260\;nm$ is clearly observed.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제12권12호
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• pp.904-910
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• 2002

Surface alloying using TiC, $TiB_2$ and VC ceramic particles on carbon steel has been performed using high voltage electron beam. Each type of ceramic particles was mixed with flux of Al and $MgF_2$ in 1 to 4 ratio. The microstructures of the surface alloyed layers consisted of melted region, interface region. heat affected region and the unaffected matrix. The surface layer of the TiC surface alloyed had a cubed primary and a eutectic type of TiC. $TiB_2$ in surface layer of $TiB_2$ surface alloyed were incompletely melted with$ TiB_2$ particles as observed before the alloying. On the surface layer of the VC surface alloyed, very well defined cell structure was observed with VC on the cell boundary. In addition, ~50 nm in diameter VC particles in high density were ubiquitous in the matrix. Those fine VC particles prominently improved the hardness and wear resistance of the surface layer of the VC surface alloyed.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.93-100
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• 1989

전자선의 선량을 측정하기 위하여 수종의 측정기와 팬톰의 조합에 대해서 실험 및 결과를 분석하였다. 전자선의 선축상 선량분포가 조사면의 크기에 좌우되는지를 알기 위하여 실리콘 PN 접합형 다이오드를 사용하였다. 50 및 80, $90\%$ 선량점의 깊이가 작은 조사면에 대해서는 조사면의 크기에 따라 증가하지만, 큰 조사면에 대해서는 거의 일정했다. 그러나 그 깊이가 일정한 경우 최소 조사면의 크기가 뚜렷하지는 않으나 전자선의 에너지가 증가함에 따라 증가하였다. $6\~18MeV$의 전자선에 대해 조사면의 크기가 $10\times10cm^2$ 이상인 경우 그 깊이 가 어느 에너지에 대해서도 조사면의 크기에 무관함이 측정치에서 관찰되었다. 그래서 수종의 측정기와 팬톰의 결합에 따른 전자선의 선축상 선량분포의 차이점을 관찰하고자 하는 실험에서 조사면의 크기로 $10\times10cm^2$을 선택하였다. 원주형 전리함과 평판형 전리함, 필름은 폴리스티렌 팬톰과 함에, 실리콘다이오드는 물팬톤과 함께 선량측정에 이용되었다. 원주형 전리함은 표면선량이나 6MeV처럼 낮은 에너지의 선량증가 영역에서 선량을 측정할 수 없었다. 몇 가지를 제외하고는 측정된 변수들은 서로 다른 측정기 및 팬톰의 결합에 관계없이 거의 동일하였다. 어떤 에너지에서는 서로 다른 측정기에 의한 표면선량이 $4\%$ 정도 차이가 났으며, 에너지가 증가함에 따라 그 대소가 반전되기도 하였다. 18MeV의 경우 필름에 의한 80 및 $90\%$ 선량점의 깊이가 다른 측정기에 의한 것보다 꽤 얕았다. 평판형 전리함과 실리콘 다이오드는 전자선의 선량분포측정에 사용될 수 있겠으나 평판형 전리함은 큰 조사면에서만 사용하는 것이 바람직할 것이 다. 표면선량 측정이나 저 에너지 전자선의 선량증가 부분에서 선량측정에는 원주형 전리함을 사용하지 않는 것이 바람직할 것이다. 18 MeV와 같이 높은 에너지의 전자선의 선량분포 측정에 필름이 사용되어도 좋을지 의심스럽다.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2014년도 제46회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.262.1-262.1
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• 2014

Lipid peroxidation induces functional deterioration of cell membrane and induces cell death in extreme cases. These phenomena are known to be related generally to the change of physical properties of lipid membrane such as decreased lipid order or increased water penetration. Even though the electric property of lipid membrane is important, there has been no report about the change of electric properties after lipid peroxidation. Herein, we demonstrate the molecular energy band change in red blood cell membrane through peroxidation by air-based atmospheric pressure DBD plasma treatment. Ion-induced secondary electron emission coefficient (${\gamma}$ value) was measured by using home-made gamma-focused ion beam (${\gamma}$-FIB) system and electron energy band was calculated based on the quantum mechanical Auger neutralization theory. The oxidized lipids showed higher gamma values and lower electron work functions, which implies the change of surface charging or electrical conductance. This result suggests that modified electrical properties should play a role in cell signaling under oxidative stress.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.209-213
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• 2007

20 MeV 전자선의 팬텀 내에서의 선량분포에 대한 횡방향 자기장 효과를 조사하기 위하여 전자석을 제작하여 자기장 인가 여부에 따른 등선량곡선 및 깊이선량율을 X-OMAT 필름으로 측정하였다. 1.5 Tesla의 자기장중심을 팬텀 표면으로부터 7.5 cm 깊이에 위치시킨 경우 팬텀 표면으로부터 4.5 cm 깊이에서 약 30%의 선량증가를 보이는 등 이론적으로 알려진 결과들과 잘 부합하고 있음을 확인하였다.