• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.810-817
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• 2016

The aim of this experiment was to determine the effect of a high-energy diet on the level of serum metabolites and on carcass characteristics of Hanwoo steers. High energy diets have been used for enhancing intramuscular adipose tissue in high quality beef cattle. However, there is not much information about the physiological reactions to this diet. We hypothesized that a high energy diet would increase blood metabolites and the meat quality of Hanwoo steers during the early and final fattening periods. A $2{\times}2$ factorial arrangement (High, Control, and Early, Final) in a completely randomized design was used to feed 24 Hanwoo steers. Two steers were kept in the same pen and 12 pens were used for the experiment. Blood was drawn from each steer on the first week of every other month from 11 to 28 months. Overall Average Daily Gain (ADG) and feed efficiency were not different between high energy and control diets (p > 0.05). However, Dry Matter Intake (DMI greater with the control diet than DMI with the high energy diet during the final fattening period (p < 0.05). Serum non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations were greater in the control diet group than in the high energy diet group during the final fattening period (p < 0.05). However, serum albumin, glucose, total protein, triglyceride, and phosphorus were greater in the high energy group than those of the control group (p < 0.05). Carcass traits or physico-chemical characteristics were not different between high energy diet treatment and the control. These data indicated that a high energy diet (+ 3% TDN) increased serum triglyceride during early fattening periods and decreased non-esterified fatty acids during final fattening periods in Hanwoo steers.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.566-572
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• 1998

The present study examined the effects of excessive dietary protein and energy on growth response to clenbuterol in broilers. The chicks were allocated into 6 groups at 14d old, and used for a $3{\times}2$ factorial experiment. Birds were fed six diets, the control diet containing 21% crude protein (CP) and 3,100 kcal of metabolizable energy ME/kg, a high protein (30% CP) or a high energy (3,500 kcal/ ME/kg) diet, with or without 1 ppm clenbuterol, for 18 d. Clenbuterol feeding markedly decreased (p < 0.05) body weight gain by 23% in the high energy group. Feed intake was also decreased (p < 0.05) by clenbuterol administration across diet treatments. Abdominal fat weight was reduced (p < 0.05) by clenbuterol only when chickens were fed the high energy diet. Clenbuterol increased (p < 0.05) leg muscle weight in the control diet group, but decreased (p < 0.05) it in the high energy group. Muscle protein concentration was increased by 11 % in leg muscle only of the birds at the high energy level. In leg muscle, clenbuterol enhanced the protein/DNA ratio by 18%, except for the high protein group. These results indicate that feeding a diet containing excessive amounts of protein and more energy than normal did not necessarily improve growth response to clenbuterol.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.64 no.9
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• pp.1391-1397
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• 2015

Recently, various researches are conducted in the application of regenerative energy produced during the operation of an electric locomotive. Regenerative energy is produced by a generator in the brake procedure. The generator is operated by kinetic energy of an electric railroad using an electric motor. The process of producing regenerative energy varies with the current type of a railroad and its running condition. The quality of electric power can be improved and electric energy can be utilized effectively, especially in the use of an energy storage system (ESS). Thus, it is necessary to apply ESS into AC section and high speed railway. This study analyses the composition of the regenerative ESS equipment installed in Yong-Jeong sectioning post, operational principle, charge and discharge algorithm and energy efficiency. The analysis shows that CO2 emissions can be reduced about 0.5 ton per a day. In addition, ESS helps saving the energy and the compensation of the voltage drop caused by the operation of high speed train when it is installed at the end of the feeder section. The number of high speed train will be increased continuously related to the electrification rate. Therefore, applying the ESS to high speed railway is expected to solve the instability of the feeder voltage and the equipment capacity problem caused by the high speed trains.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.23 no.7
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• pp.965-971
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• 2010

The purpose of the current study was to examine the influence of different maternal nutrition treatments during pregnancy on body weight, muscle fiber number, carcass traits, and pork quality traits of offspring. A total of 18 crossbred sows (Landrace${\times}$Yorkshire${\times}$Duroc) were randomly assigned to one of three nutritional treatment groups; control, high energy, and high protein. The control group was fed a standard diet, the high energy group was fed a diet that contained 30% increased metabolizable energy, and the high protein group was fed a diet that contained 30% increased limiting amino acids compared to the control. The sows in each group were fed equal quantities of each diet (1.9 kg/d) for the entire gestational period. A total of 36 piglets from each sow were used to evaluate changes in body weight, muscle fiber number in the longissimus dorsi muscle at birth, carcass traits, and pork quality traits. Birth weight of offspring born to sows in the high energy diet group was significantly higher compared to the high protein diet group (p<0.05). However, body weight of offspring after birth was not significantly different between the groups. Muscle fiber number for the longissimus dorsi muscle at birth was not significantly different between the groups. In addition, there were no significant differences in carcass traits or pork quality traits between offspring born to sows in the control group and those born to sows that received high energy or high protein diets during pregnancy. Based on these results, it appears that maternal nutrition treatment during pregnancy, regardless of whether it is with high energy or high protein diets, does not have a significant effect on body weight, muscle fiber number at birth, carcass traits, or pork quality traits.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2010.11a
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• pp.165.2-165.2
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• 2010

The objective of this study is to analyze the energy saving rate by retrofitting multi air conditioner from conventional type to high efficient type using Energyplus 4.0 which was developed for simulating a building energy by D.O.E. Generally, Multi air conditioner system was installed for both the cooling and the heating in a building. However, it was difficult to estimate the energy saving rate in the case of retrofitting multi air conditioner from conventional type to high efficient type. In the present study, annual energy consumptions of them were evaluated for same building and climate condition.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.1400-1402
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• 2010

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.1864-1866
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• 2013

• Proceedings of the Korean Nuclear Society Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.669-670
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• 2004

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.26 no.12
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• pp.41-46
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• 2009

• KSTLE International Journal
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.43-46
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• 2003

Water-lubricated frictional characteristics of a stainless steel ball bearings are not well known compared to the oil-lubricated frictional characteristics. Furthermore a study on friction at a high temperature is rare because the bearing maintenance strategy for water-lubricated or chemicals-lubricated bearings of equipment is generally based on the replacement of the failed bearings-and parts. Ball bearings and ball screw are installed in the power transmission for the newly developing integral reactor and these are lubricated with chemically-controlled pure water at a high temperature and a high pressure. Bearings and power transmitting mechanical elements for an atomic reactor requires high reliability and high performance during the estimated lifetime, and it should be verified. In this paper, experimental research results of the frictional characteristics for water-lubricated ball bearings are presented as a preliminary investigation.