• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.25 no.12
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• pp.25-34
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• 2020

In this paper, we empirically compare the effectiveness of training models to recognize beauty-related skin disease using supervised deep learning algorithms. Recently, deep learning algorithms are being actively applied for various fields such as industry, education, and medical. For instance, in the medical field, the ability to diagnose cutaneous cancer using deep learning based artificial intelligence has improved to the experts level. However, there are still insufficient cases applied to disease related to skin beauty. This study experimentally compares the effectiveness of identifying beauty-related skin disease by applying deep learning algorithms, considering CNN, ResNet, and SE-ResNet. The experimental results using these training models show that the accuracy of CNN is 71.5% on average, ResNet is 90.6% on average, and SE-ResNet is 95.3% on average. In particular, the SE-ResNet-50 model, which is a SE-ResNet algorithm with 50 hierarchical structures, showed the most effective result for identifying beauty-related skin diseases with an average accuracy of 96.2%. The purpose of this paper is to study effective training and methods of deep learning algorithms in consideration of the identification for beauty-related skin disease. Thus, it will be able to contribute to the development of services used to treat and easy the skin disease.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.21-37
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• 2022

Drug repositioning, one of the methods of developing new drugs, is a useful way to discover new indications by allowing drugs that have already been approved for use in people to be used for other purposes. Recently, with the development of machine learning technology, the case of analyzing vast amounts of biological information and using it to develop new drugs is increasing. The use of machine learning technology to drug repositioning will help quickly find effective treatments. Currently, the world is having a difficult time due to a new disease caused by coronavirus (COVID-19), a severe acute respiratory syndrome. Drug repositioning that repurposes drugsthat have already been clinically approved could be an alternative to therapeutics to treat COVID-19 patients. This study intends to examine research trends in the field of drug repositioning using machine learning techniques. In Pub Med, a total of 4,821 papers were collected with the keyword 'Drug Repositioning'using the web scraping technique. After data preprocessing, frequency analysis, LDA-based topic modeling, random forest classification analysis, and prediction performance evaluation were performed on 4,419 papers. Associated words were analyzed based on the Word2vec model, and after reducing the PCA dimension, K-Means clustered to generate labels, and then the structured organization of the literature was visualized using the t-SNE algorithm. Hierarchical clustering was applied to the LDA results and visualized as a heat map. This study identified the research topics related to drug repositioning, and presented a method to derive and visualize meaningful topics from a large amount of literature using a machine learning algorithm. It is expected that it will help to be used as basic data for establishing research or development strategies in the field of drug repositioning in the future.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.29 no.11B
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• pp.980-990
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• 2004

In this paper, we propose the dynamic bandwidth allocation algorithm for the IEEE802.3ah Ethernet Passive Optical Network(EPON) system to provide the fairness among terminals, and evaluate the delay-throughput performance by simulation. For the conventional EPON systems, an Optical Line Termination (OLT) schedules the upstream bandwidth for each Optical Network Unit (ONU), based on its buffer state. This scheme can provide a fair bandwidth allocation for each ONU. However, it has a critical problem that it does not guarantee the fair bandwidth among terminals which are connected to ONUs. For an example, we assume that the traffic from a greedy terminal increases at a time. Then, the buffer state of its ONU is instantly reported to the OLT, and finally the OW can get more bandwidth. As a result, the less bandwidth is allocated to the other ONUs, and thus the transfer delay of terminals connected to the ONUs gets inevitably increased. Noting that this unfairness problem exists in the conventional EPON systems, we propose a fair bandwidth allocation scheme by OLT with considering the buffer state of ONU as welt as the number of terminals connected it. For the performance evaluation, we develop the EPON simulation model with SIMULA simulation language. From the result of the throughput-delay performance and the dynamics of buffer state along time for each terminal and ONU, respectively, one can see that the proposed scheme can provide the fairness among not ONUs but terminals. Finally, it is worthwhile to note that the proposed scheme for the public EPON systems might be an attractive solution for providing the fairness among subscriber terminals.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.193-206
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• 2017

In this paper, we propose a rate control method based on the $R-{\lambda}$ model that supports a parallel encoding structure in GOP levels or IDR period levels for 4K UHD input video in real-time. For this, a slice-level bit allocation method is proposed for parallel encoding instead of sequential encoding. When a rate control algorithm is applied in the GOP level or IDR period level parallelism, the information of how many bits are consumed cannot be shared among the frames belonging to a same frame level except the lowest frame level of the hierarchical B structure. Therefore, it is impossible to manage the bit budget with the existing bit allocation method. In order to solve this problem, we improve the bit allocation procedure of the conventional ones that allocate target bits sequentially according to the encoding order. That is, the proposed bit allocation strategy is to assign the target bits in GOPs first, then to distribute the assigned target bits from the lowest depth level to the highest depth level of the HEVC hierarchical B structure within each GOP. In addition, we proposed a processing method that is used to improve subjective image qualities by allocating the bits according to the coding complexities of the frames. Experimental results show that the proposed bit allocation method works well for frame-level parallel HEVC software encoders and it is confirmed that the performance of our rate controller can be improved with a more elaborate bit allocation strategy by using the preprocessing results.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.681-702
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• 2016

Two different modelling approaches to dune dynamics have been established thus far; continuous models that emphasize the precise representation of wind field, and feedback-based models that focus on the interactions between dunes, rather than aerodynamics. Though feedback-based models have proven their capability to capture the essence of dune dynamics, the compatibility issues on these models have less been addressed. This research investigated, mostly from the theoretical point of view, the algorithmic compatibility of three feedback-based dune models: sand slab models, Nishimori model, and de Castro model. Major findings are as follows. First, sand slab models and de Castro model are both compatible in terms of flux perspectives, whereas Nishimori model needs a tuning factor. Second, the algorithm of avalanching can be easily implemented via repetitive spatial smoothing, showing high compatibility between models. Finally, the wind shadow rule might not be a necessary component to reproduce dune patterns unlike the interpretation or assumption of previous studies. The wind shadow rule, rather, might be more important in understanding bedform-level interactions. Overall, three models show high compatibility between them, or seem to require relatively small modification, though more thorough investigation is needed.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.141-158
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• 2008

In this paper, we developed the GML Map Server which visualized the map based on GML as international standard for exchanging the common format map and for interoperability of GIS information. And also, it should transmit effectively GML map into the mobile device by using dynamic map partition and caching. It manages a partition based on the visualization area of a mobile device in order to visualize the map to a mobile device in real time, and transmits the partition area by serializing it for the benefit of transmission. Also, the received partition area is compounded in a mobile device and is visualized by being partitioned again as four visible areas based on the display of a mobile device. Then, the area is managed by applying a caching algorithm in consideration of repetitiveness for a received map for the efficient operation of resources. Also, in order to prevent the delay in transmission time as regards the instance density area of the map, an adaptive map partition mechanism is proposed for maintaining the regularity of transmission time. GML Map Server can trace the position of mobile device with WIPI environment in this paper. The field emulator can be created mobile devices and mobile devices be moved and traced it's position instead of real-world. And we developed POIM(POI Management) for management hierarchically POI information and for the efficiency POI search by using the individual tagging technology with visual interface.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.12 no.9
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• pp.1297-1308
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• 2009

The life time of a wireless sensor network composed of numerous sensor nodes depend on ones of its sensor nodes. The energy efficiency operation of nodes, therefore, is one of the crucial factors to design the network. Researches based on the hierarchical network topology have been proposed and evolved in terms of energy efficiency. However, in existing researches, application layer data obtained from sensor nodes are not considered properly to compose cluster, including issue that nodes communicate with their cluster heads in TDMA scheduling. In this paper, we suggest an energy-efficient topology control scheme based on application layer data in wireless sensor networks. By using application layer data, sensor nodes form a section which is defined as the area of adjacent nodes that retain similar characteristics of application environments. These sections are further organized into clusters. We suggest an algorithm for selecting a cluster head as well as a way of scheduling to reduce the number of unnecessary transmissions from each node to its cluster head, which based on the degree and the duration of similarity between the node's data and its head's data in each cluster without seriously damaging the integrity of application data. The results show that the suggested scheme can save the energy of nodes and increase the life time of the entire network.

• International Journal of Contents
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.41-51
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• 2015

Management systems for electronic library have been developed on the basis of Client/Server or ASP framework in domestic market for a long time. Therefore, both service provider and user suffer from their high cost and effort in management, maintenance, and repairing of software as well as hardware. Recently in addition, mobile devices like smartphone and tablet PC are frequently used as terminal devices to access computers through the Internet or other networks, sophisticatedly customized or personalized interface for n-screen service became more important issue these days. In this paper, we propose a new scheme of integrated management system for electronic library based on SaaS and Web Standard. We design and implement the proposed scheme applying Electronic Cabinet Guidelines for Web Standard and Universal Code System. Hosted application management style and software on demand style service models based on SaaS are basically applied to develop the management system. Moreover, a newly improved concept of duplication check algorithm in a hierarchical evaluation process is presented and a personalized interface based on web standard is applied to implement the system. Algorithms of duplication check for journal, volume/number, and paper are hierarchically presented with their logic flows. Total framework of our development obeys the standard feature of Electronic Cabinet Guidelines offered by Korea government so that we can accomplish standard of application software, quality improvement of total software, and reusability extension. Scope of our development includes core services of library automation system such as acquisition, list-up, loan-and-return, and their related services. We focus on interoperation compatibility between elementary sub-systems throughout complex network and structural features. Reanalyzing and standardizing each part of the system under the concept on the cloud of service, we construct an integrated development environment for generating, test, operation, and maintenance. Finally, performance analyses are performed about resource usability of server, memory amount used, and response time of server etc. As a result of measurements fulfilled over 5 times at different test points and using different data, the average response time is about 62.9 seconds for 100 clients, which takes about 0.629 seconds per client on the average. We can expect this result makes it possible to operate the system in real-time level proof. Resource usability and memory occupation are also good and moderate comparing to the conventional systems. As total verification tests, we present a simple proof to obey Electronic Cabinet Guidelines and a record of TTA authentication test for topics about SaaS maturity, performance, and application program features.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.402-410
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• 2006

This paper presents a method for feature based block motion estimation that uses multi -resolution image sequences to obtain the panoramic images in the continuous ultrasound image sequences. In the conventional block motion estimation method, the centers of motion estimation blocks are set at the predetermined and equally spaced locations. This requires the large blocks to include at least one feature, which inevitably requires long estimation time. In this paper, we propose an adaptive method which locates the center of the motion estimation blocks at the feature points. This make it possible to reduce the block size while keeping the motion estimation accuracy The Harris-Stephen corner detector is used to get the feature points. The comer points tend to group together, which cause the error in the global motion estimation. In order to distribute the feature points as evenly as Possible, the image is firstly divided into regular subregions, and a strongest corner point is selected as a feature in each subregion. The ultrasound Images contain speckle patterns and noise. In order to reduce the noise artifact and reduce the computational time, the proposed method use the multi-resolution image sequences. The first algorithm estimates the motion in the smoothed low resolution image, and the estimated motion is prolongated to the next higher resolution image. By this way the size of search region can be reduced in the higher resolution image. Experiments were performed on three types of ultrasound image sequences. These were shown that the proposed method reduces both the computational time (from 77ms to 44ms) and the displaced frame difference (from 66.02 to 58.08).

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.43 no.3 s.309
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• pp.76-83
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• 2006

A main objective of audio equalizer is for user to tailor acoustic frequency response to increase sound comfort and example applications of audio equalizer includes large-scale audio system to portable audio such as mobile MP3 player. Up to now, all the audio equalizer requires manual setting to equalize frequency bands to create suitable sound quality for each genre of music. In this paper, we propose an intelligent audio graphic equalizer system that automatically classifies the music genre using music content analysis and then the music sound is boosted with the given frequency gains according to the classified musical genre when playback. In order to reproduce comfort sound, the musical genre is determined based on two-step hierarchical algorithm - coarse-level and fine-level classification. It can prevent annoying sound reproduction due to the sudden change of the equalizer gains at the beginning of the music playback. Each stage of the music classification experiments shows at least 80% of success with complete genre classification and equalizer operation within 2 sec. Simple S/W graphical user interface of 3-band automatic equalizer is implemented using visual C on personal computer.