• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.111-118
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• 2006

This paper presents design and development of a simulator evaluates the performance of a hierarchical cellular system. The proposed hierarchical cellular simulator, consisting of macro, micro, and pico cells, applies the wrap-around technique to reduce simulation time. The simulator is implemented as object oriented class models by using the C++ language in a PC environment. The resulting application can evaluate the interference, SIR(Signal to Interference Ratio), and capacity of a hierarchical cellular system in various configurations. Moreover, it can be used in other applications such as power control, call admission control, hand over scheme.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제12권7호
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• pp.1037-1047
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• 2001

본 논문에서는 역방향 링크상의 전파 음영 채널에서 불완전 전력제어 및 불완전 섹터화를 고려하여 DS/CDMA 계층 셀룰라 시스템의 용량을 분석한다. 실제 시스템에서는 이론과는 달리 완전한 전력제어가 되지 않기 때문에 불완전 전력제어, 불완전 섹터화 및 처리이득, 매크로셀의 사용자 수와 같은 파라미터를 고려하여 시스템의 용량 변화를 유도하였다. 해석한 결과, 전력제어 및 섹터화가 불완전 할수록, 매크로셀과 마이크로셀의 전력비가 커질수록, 처리이득이 작을수록, 마이크로셀의 사용자 수가 감소할수록 DS/CDMA 계층 셀룰라 시스템의 용량은 감소하였다. 또한, 계층셀 구조가 단일 매크로셀 구조에 비해 1.54 배에서 3.89 배로 사용자 용량을 증가시킬 수 있음을 보였다.

• 대한전기학회논문지:시스템및제어부문D
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• 제49권8호
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• pp.481-490
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• 2000

This paper analyzes interference power, Erlang capacity, the number of handoff occurrences, and call blocking probability with respect to the cell radius, the soft handoff region, and the mobile's velocity in a CDMA hierarchical cellular system. The microcell cellular system has the higher Erlang capacity than the macrocell cellular system. However, the microcell cellular system, which has a high system capacity through frequency reuse has the call blocking probability higher than macrocell cellular system. Also the interference power and the call blocking probability are decreased with the operation of soft handoff. Therefore, this paper presents the optimization of soft handoff region so as to maximize system's Erlang capacity with the low the call blocking probability according to mobile's velocity in the CDMA hierarchial cellular system.

• 한국경영과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국경영과학회 2005년도 추계학술대회 및 정기총회
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• pp.321-333
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• 2005

With the limited frequency spectrum and an increasing demand for cellular communication services, the problem of channel assignment becomes increasingly important. However, finding a conflict free channel assignment with the minimum channel span is NP hard. As demand for services has expanded in the cellular segment, sever innovations have been made in order to increase the utilization of bandwidth. The innovations are cellular concept, dynamic channel assignment and hierarchical network design. Hierarchical network design holds the public eye because of increasing demand and quality of service to mobile users. We consider the frequency assignment problem and the base station placement simultaneously. Our model takes the candidate locations emanating from this process and the cost of assigning a frequency, operating and maintaining equipment as an input. In addition, we know the avenue and demand as an assumption. We propose the network about the profit maximization. This study can apply to GSM(Global System for Mobile Communication) which has 70% portion in the world. Hierarchical network design using GA(Genetic Algorithm) is the first three-tier (Macro, Micro, Pico) model, We increase the reality through applying to EMC (Electromagnetic Compatibility Constraints). Computational experiments on 72 problem instances which have 15${\sim}$40 candidate locations demonstrate the computational viability of our procedure. The result of experiments increases the reality and covers more than 90% of the demand.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제10권9호
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• pp.1685-1690
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• 2006

미래의 이동통신 시스템은 제 한된 무선 자원 조전 하에 고품질의 멀티미디어 서비스를 제공하기 위해 계층 셀 시스템으로 동작해야한다. 본 논문에서는 매크로, 마이크로, 피코 셀이 공존하는 계층 CDMA 셀를라 시스템에 적용된 호 수락 제어 방식을 연구하였다. 제안된 호 수락 제어 알고리즘을 사용하였을 경우 호 수락 제어를 하지 않는 경우에 비해 시스템 용량이 20% 정도 향상됨을 알 수 있다.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.149-157
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• 2003

In this paper, we propose a ceil model based on the wraparound method to simulate the hierarchical CDMA cellular system in an effective and efficient manner. The model uses the minimal number of cells by considering only one tier but compensates the interference by other cells in the higher tiers sufficiently. Various numerical tests demonstrate that the proposed model can be used to simulate the complex and large-sized hierarchical cellular system effectively. Especially, the interference compensation can reduce the required simulation time to 1/100 for 10 tiers cellular system.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제16권7호
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• pp.862-869
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• 2013

In order to support a cell-independent traffic asymmetry, the conventional TDD system cannot avoid crossed time slot (CTS) interference. Moreover, the TDD/FDD hierarchical overlay cellular systems is taken into account as a generally accepted cell model in a heterogeneous radio environment. In this paper, we propose an interference resolving radio resource allocation technique in a TDD-OFDMA cellular system that overlays a FDD-CDMA cell. In our proposed scheme, we exploit under-used FDD-CDMA uplink resource by TDD mobile abiding by a region based time slot(TS) allocation which in turn mitigates CTS interference considerably. It is demonstrated that combined with under-used resource utilization scheme based on mobile's location, the proposed technique can reduce CTS interference considerably and support the asymmetric traffic in TDD system.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.997-1010
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• 2014

Today, as the hierarchical cellular system is getting more attention than before, some recent studies introduce delay based admission control (AC) scheme which delays the admission to the macro-embedded small cell for a relatively short time to prevent unnecessary handover caused by the short-term visitors of the small cell area. In such delay based ACs, when we use improper delay parameter, the system frequently makes incorrect handover decisions such as where unnecessary handover is allowed due to too short delaying, or where necessary handover is denied due to too long delaying. In order to avoid these undesirable situations as much as possible, we develop a new delay parameter decision method based on probabilistic cell residence time approximations. By the extensive numerical and analytical evaluations, we determine the proper delay parameter which prevents the incorrect handover decision as much as possible. We expect our delay parameter decision method can be useful system administration tips in hierarchical cellular system where delay based AC is adopted.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:정보통신
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.299-313
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• 2002

이동 통신 수요의 급격한 증가와 멀티미디어 서비스에 대한 요구에 의해 기존의 셀룰러 시스템은 용량 부족 및 QoS 처리에 있어서 한계에 부딪히게 되었다. 따라서 사용자들이 요구하는 QoS를 만족시켜줌과 동시에 최대한 많은 사용자를 수용하기 위해 계층셀 구조가 제안되었다. IMT-2000에서는 셀구성 방안으로 계층셀 구조를 채택하였는데, 그에 따라 복잡한 중첩 구조를 간단하면서도 효율적으로 이용할 수 있는 호 처리 알고리즘의 필요성이 대두되었다. 본 연구에서는 기존에 제안된 복합 호 처리 방식에서 한 걸음 나아가 이동 속도와 대역폭을 고려한 호 처리 알고리즘을 제안하였다. 제안한 알고리즘에서는 버퍼와 가드 채널을 이용하여 호의 이동 속도와 대역폭을 고려하여 기존의 방식보다 효율성을 높일 수 있도록 하였다. 또한 대역폭과 이동 속도를 고려하여 호들을 분배하여 처리함으로써 사용자의 QoS를 만족시켜주고 핸드오버율을 줄이고자 하였다. 제안한 알고리즘의 성능을 평가하기 위해서 본 논문에서는 계층 셀룰러 시스템을 구성하고 다양한 트래픽을 생성하여 시뮬레이션을 수행하였다. 블로킹률, 드로핑률, 채널 활용률, 계층간 핸드오버 수 등 다양한 파라미터를 토대고 기존의 방식과 제안한 방식을 비교해봄으로써 성능 향상을 입증하였다.

• 산업기술연구
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• 제22권B호
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• pp.175-184
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• 2002

In this paper, we proposed separate queue scheme in each hierarchical cell for effective use of wireless channel. This method reduces the blocking rata of high speed mobile station's handoff in hierarchical cellular systems. Basically for the high speed mobile stations channels are allocated in macrocell and for the low speed mobile stations channels are allocated in microcell. In order to reduce the rate of forced handoff termination, some reservation channels are employed for the fast handoff calls in the macrocells. And the queue is located in each cell to be able to store handoff requests and takeback requests. The overflowed mobile station are able to perform takeback as soon as a corresponding channel is available.