• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.1521-1537
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• 2021

Through information hiding technique, secret message can be hidden in pictures. Stego-image quality and hiding capacity are two important metrics for information hiding. To enhance these metrics, many schemes were proposed by scholars in recent years. Some of them are effective and successful, but there is still a room for further improvement. A high capacity information hiding scheme (PAMO, Pixel-value Adjustment with Modulus Operation Algorithm) is introduced in this paper. PAMO scheme uses pixel value adjustment with modulus operation to hide confidential data in cover-image. PAMO scheme and some referenced schemes are implemented in Python and experiments are carried out to evaluate their performance. In the experiments, PAMO scheme shows better performance than other methods do. When secret message length is less than 72000 bits, the highest hiding capacity of PAMO can reach 7 bits per pixel, at the same time the PSNR of stego-images is greater than 30 dB.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.600-612
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• 2013

In 2006, Zhang and Wang proposed a data hiding scheme based on Exploiting Modification Direction (EMD) to increase data hiding capacity. The major benefit of EMD is providing embedding capacity greater than 1 bit per pixel. Since then, many EMD-type data hiding schemes have been proposed. However, a serious disadvantage common to these approaches is that the embedded data is compromised when the embedding function is disclosed. Our proposed secure data hiding scheme remedies this disclosure shortcoming by employing an additional modulus function. The provided security analysis of our scheme demonstrates that attackers cannot get the secret information from the stegoimage even if the embedding function is made public. Furthermore, our proposed scheme also gives a simple solution to the overflow/underflow problem and maintains high embedding capacity and good stegoimage quality.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.25 no.9
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• pp.1291-1306
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• 2022

The dual image-based reversible data hiding scheme embeds secret data into two images to increase the embedding capacity of secret data. The dual image-based reversible data hiding scheme can transmit a lot of secret data. Therefore, various schemes have been proposed until recently. In 2021, Chen and Hong proposed a dual image-based reversible data hiding scheme that embeds a large amount of secret data using a reference matrix, secret data, and bit values. However, in this paper, more secret data can be embedded than Chen and Hong's scheme. To achieve this goal, the proposed scheme generates polynomials and shared values using secret sharing scheme, and embeds secret data using reference matrix and septenary number, and random value. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme can transmit more secret data to the receiver while maintaining the image quality similar to other dual image-based reversible data hiding schemes.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.6 no.12
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• pp.3100-3116
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• 2012

Reversible data hiding enables the embedding of messages in a host image without any loss of host content, which is proposed for image authentication that if the watermarked image is deemed authentic, we can revert it to the exact copy of the original image before the embedding occurred. In this paper, we present an improved histogram-based reversible data hiding scheme based on prediction and sorting. A rhombus prediction is employed to explore the prediction for histogram-based embedding. Sorting the prediction has a good influence on increasing the embedding capacity. Characteristics of the pixel difference are used to achieve large hiding capacity while keeping low distortion. The proposed scheme exploits a two-stage embedding strategy to solve the problem about communicating peak points. We also present a histogram shifting technique to prevent overflow and underflow. Performance comparisons with other existing reversible data hiding schemes are provided to demonstrate the superiority of the proposed scheme.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.256-270
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• 2014

A new morphed steganographic algorithm is proposed in this paper. Image security is a challenging problem these days. Steganography is a method of hiding secret data in cover media. The Least Significant Bit is a standard Steganographic method that has some limitations. The limitations are less capacity to hide data, poor stego image quality, and imperceptibility. The proposed algorithm focuses on these limitations. The morphing concept is being used for image steganography to overcome these limitations. The PSNR and standard deviation are considered as a measure to improve stego image quality and morphed image selection, respectively. The stego keys are generated during the morphed steganographic embedding and extracting process. Stego keys are used to embed and extract the secret image. The experimental results, which are based on hiding capacity and PSNR, are presented in this paper. Our research contributes towards creating an improved steganographic method using image morphing. The experimental result indicates that the proposed algorithm achieves an increase in hiding capacity, stego image quality, and imperceptibility. The experimental results were compared with state of the art steganographic methods.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.526-539
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• 2012

This paper proposes a high capacity data hiding method using high frequence secret data indexing algorithm. Many novel data hiding methods based on LSB and PVD methods were presented to enlarge hiding capacity and provide an imperceptible quality. In this paper, first, calculating data iteration frequency of the secret message and make up the high frequency data index matrix (HFDT) using high frequence data's location information. Next, HFDT uses to that data hiding process on the cover image and recovering process on the stego image. The experimental results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed high frequency secret data indexing method. For the data hiding method, experiments are conducted for four cases: 2 pattern secret data (2PD), 4 pattern secret data (4PD), 8 pattern secret data (8PD) and higher pattern secret data (HPD). When comparing the proposed method with other data hiding methods, for the HPD case, the results show that the proposed method has a good PSNR and more capacity, and for the other case, the results show that the proposed method has a higher PSNR and larger capacity.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.677-686
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• 2018

A novel data hiding technique based on modified histogram shifting that incorporates multi-bit secret data hiding is proposed. The proposed technique divides the image pixel values into embeddable and nonembeddable pixel values. Embeddable pixel values are those that are within a specified limit interval surrounding the peak value of an image. The limit interval is calculated from the number of secret bits to be embedded into each embeddable pixel value. The embedded secret bits can be perfectly extracted from the stego image at the receiver side without any overhead bits. From the simulation, it is found that the proposed technique produces a better quality stego image compared to other data hiding techniques, for the same embedding rate. Since the proposed technique only embeds the secret bits in a limited number of pixel values, the change in the visual quality of the stego image is negligible when compared to other data hiding techniques.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.15 no.7
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• pp.891-902
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• 2012

Reversible data hiding scheme is a form of steganography in which the secret embedding data can be retrieved from a stego image for the purpose of identification, copyright protection and making a covert channel. The reversible data hiding should satisfy that not only are the distortions due to artifacts against the cover image invisible but also it has large embedding capacity as far as possible. In this paper, we propose a robust reversible data hiding scheme by exploiting the differences between a center pixel and its neighboring pixels in each sub-block of the image to embed secret data into extra space. Moreover, our scheme enhances the embedding capacity and can recover the embedded data from the stego image without causing any perceptible distortions to the cover image. Simulation results show that our proposed scheme has lower visible distortions in the stego image and provides robustness to geometrical image manipulations, such as rotation and cropping operations.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.8 no.9
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• pp.3286-3301
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• 2014

Jung and Yoo proposed the first image interpolation-based reversible data hiding algorithm. Although their algorithm achieved superior interpolation results, the embedding capacity was insufficient. Lee and Huang proposed an improved algorithm to enhance the embedding capacity and the interpolation results. However, these algorithms present limitations to magnify the original image to any resolution and pixels in the boundary region of the magnified image are poorly manipulated. Furthermore, the capacity and the image quality can be improved further. This study modifies the pixel mapping scheme and adopts a bilinear interpolation to solve boundary artifacts. The modified reference pixel determination and an optimal pixel adjustment process can effectively enhance the embedding capacity and the image quality. The experimental results show our proposed algorithm achieves a higher embedding capacity under acceptable visual distortions, and can be applied to a magnified image at any resolution. Our proposed technique is feasible in reversible data hiding.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.483-491
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• 2015

Data hiding is one of protective methods that can authenticate the completeness of digital information and protect intelligent property rights and copyright through secret communications. In this paper, we propose a data hiding method using pixel-value modular operation that has a high capacity while maintaining a good visual quality. The proposed method can embed secret data on the every pixel of a cover image by modular operation. The experiment results demonstrate that the proposed method has a high capacity and good visual quality where the embedding capacity is 91,138 bytes, the PSNR is 47.94dB, and the Q index is 0.968.